Inter-specifically,
mammalian
species
with
larger
brains
built
of
numerous
neurons
have
higher
cognitive
abilities
(CA)
but
at
the
expense
metabolic
costs.
It
is
unclear,
however,
how
this
pattern
emerged
since
evolutionary
mechanisms
act
intra-specifically,
not
inter-specifically.
Here,
we
tested
existence
above
level
in
hippocampus—the
brain
structure
underlying
CA.
We
used
an
artificial
selection
experiment
consisting
lines
laboratory
mice
divergently
selected
for
basal
rate
(BMR)—a
trait
implicated
size
evolution,
its
costs
and
Selection
on
BMR
did
affect
hippocampus
as
a
correlated
response
to
selection.
However,
high
had
superior
CA
manifested
increased
neuronal
density,
cytochrome
c
oxidase
density
(indexing
activity)
dendritic
spine
connectivity
between
neurons).
Thus,
our
study
calls
into
question
generality
patterns
evolution
apparent
interspecifically.
At
level,
may
arise
through
rearrangement
architecture
function
without
conspicuous
increase
their
metabolism.
Animal Production Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
62(15), С. 1439 - 1458
Опубликована: Июль 4, 2022
A
capacity
for
an
animal
to
maintain
or
regain
healthy
functioning
in
the
face
of
environmental
disturbances
is
recognised
as
resilience.
For
individual
animal,
dynamic
properties
trajectory
performance
traits
(e.g.
daily
milk
yield),
periodicity
physiological
and
behavioural
variables
body
temperature)
complexity
biological
functions
repertoire)
can
provide
indicators
its
These
a
view
individual’s
attempts
cope
physically
(and
emotionally)
with
non-shared
micro-environment.
The
concept
resilience
examined
multifaceted
attribute
that
hidden
from
direct
measurement.
challenges
establishing
relationships
between
general
context-specific
such
disease
are
explored
by
comparison
construct
temperament
(personality).
Lower
variance
deviations
trajectories
stronger
rhythmic
mostly
heritable
favourably
associated
health
longevity.
In
humans,
wellbeing
outcomes,
biomarkers
more
strongly
eudaimonic
than
hedonic
wellbeing.
psychological
state
eudaimonia
express
agency,
function
well,
fulfill
potential
mastery.
need
animals
has
been
suggested
previously.
Links
mastery
develop
physiological,
immune,
behavioural,
cognitive
affective
competencies
examined.
It
longitudinal
data
on
precision
physical
indicator
positive
welfare.
this
view,
welfare
entails
both
aspects
wellbeing,
neither
which
alone
sufficient
describe
maximise
Cumulative
scores
may
have
utility
assessing
lifetime
experience
when
summed
at
farm
level
metric
benchmarking
performance.
Breeding
selects
normativity
assessed
against
animal’s
own
baseline
inherited
developmentally
acquired
potential.
This
differs
current
approaches
selection
production,
aim
production
efficiency
benchmarked
group
mean.
Biological
costs
trade-offs
require
further
research.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023
Personality
disorders
(PDs)
are
currently
considered
dysfunctions.
However,
personality
differences
older
than
humanity
and
ubiquitous
in
nature,
from
insects
to
higher
primates.
This
suggests
that
a
number
of
evolutionary
mechanisms—other
dysfunctions—may
be
able
maintain
stable
behavioral
variation
the
gene
pool.
First
all,
apparently
maladaptive
traits
may
actually
improve
fitness
by
enabling
better
survival
or
successful
mating
reproduction,
as
exemplified
neuroticism,
psychopathy,
narcissism.
Furthermore,
some
PDs
harm
important
biological
goals
while
facilitating
others,
globally
beneficial
detrimental
depending
on
environmental
circumstances
body
condition.
Alternatively,
certain
form
part
life
history
strategies:
Coordinated
suites
morphological,
physiological
characters
optimize
through
alternative
routes
respond
selection
whole.
Still
others
vestigial
adaptations
no
longer
present
times.
Finally,
adaptative
itself,
it
reduces
competition
for
finite
resources.
These
other
mechanisms
reviewed
illustrated
human
non-human
examples.
Evolutionary
theory
is
best-substantiated
explanatory
framework
across
sciences,
shed
light
question
why
harmful
personalities
exist
at
all.
Life,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 234 - 234
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025
We
hypothesize
that
predictable
variations
in
environmental
conditions
caused
by
night/day
cycles
created
opportunities
and
hazards
initiated
information
dynamics
central
to
life’s
origin.
Increased
daytime
temperatures
accelerated
key
chemical
reactions
but
also
the
separation
of
double-stranded
polynucleotides,
leading
hydrolysis,
particularly
single-stranded
RNA.
Daytime
solar
UV
radiation
promoted
synthesis
organic
molecules
broad
damage
protocell
macromolecules.
inter-related
simultaneous
adaptations
these
produced
molecular
necessary
store
use
information.
Self-replicating
RNA
heritably
reduced
hydrolysis
single
strands
after
during
warmer
periods
promoting
sequences
formed
hairpin
loops,
generating
precursors
transfer
(tRNA),
initiating
tRNA-directed
evolutionary
dynamics.
Protocell
survival
self-replicating
within
protocells
RNA–peptide
hybrids
capable
scavenging
UV-induced
free
radicals
or
catalyzing
melanin
from
tyrosine.
The
are
ribosomes
triplet
codes
for
RNA-directed
protein
synthesis.
protective
effects
production
persist
as
melanosomes
found
throughout
tree
life.
Similarly,
mitigating
led
replacement
Na+
K+
dominant
mobile
cytoplasmic
cation
promote
diel
vertical
migration
selected
homochirality.
conclude
emerged
early
life
through
predictably
fluctuating
cycles,
its
legacy
remains
observable
extant
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 101 - 101
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Determining
appropriate
cellular
objectives
is
crucial
for
the
system-scale
modeling
of
biological
networks
metabolic
engineering,
reprogramming,
and
drug
discovery
applications.
The
mathematical
representation
can
describe
how
cells
manage
limited
resources
to
achieve
goals
within
mechanistic
environmental
constraints.
While
rapidly
proliferating
like
tumors
are
often
assumed
prioritize
biomass
production,
mammalian
cell
types
exhibit
beyond
growth,
such
as
supporting
tissue
functions,
developmental
processes,
redox
homeostasis.
Methods:
This
review
addresses
challenge
determining
trade-offs
from
multiomics
data.
Results:
Recent
advances
in
single-cell
omics,
modeling,
machine/deep
learning
methods
have
enabled
inference
at
both
transcriptomic
levels,
bridging
gene
expression
patterns
with
phenotypes.
Conclusions:
These
silico
models
provide
insights
into
adapt
changing
environments,
treatments,
genetic
manipulations.
We
further
explore
potential
application
incorporating
personalized
medicine,
discovery,
systems
biology.
Summary
Mature
leaf
area
(LA)
is
a
showcase
of
diversity
–
varying
enormously
within
and
across
species,
associated
with
the
productivity
distribution
plants
ecosystems.
Yet,
it
remains
unclear
how
developmental
processes
determine
variation
in
LA.
We
introduce
mathematical
framework
pinpointing
origin
LA
by
quantifying
six
epidermal
‘developmental
traits’:
initial
mean
cell
size
number
(approximating
values
primordium),
maximum
relative
rates
durations
proliferation
expansion
until
maturity.
analyzed
novel
database
trajectories
anatomy,
representing
12
eudicotyledonous
species
52
Arabidopsis
experiments.
Within
primordium
rate
were
strongest
determinants
Trade‐offs
between
traits,
consistent
evolutionary
metabolic
scaling
theory,
strongly
constrain
variation.
These
include
trade‐offs
vs
proliferation,
expansion,
expansion.
Mutant
wild‐type
comparisons
showed
these
have
genetic
basis
Arabidopsis.
Analyses
traits
underlying
its
diversification
highlight
mechanisms
for
evolution,
opportunities
breeding
trait
shifts.
