Understanding bark beetle outbreaks: exploring the impact of changing temperature regimes, droughts, forest structure, and prospects for future forest pest management

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(2), С. 257 - 290

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Abstract Climate change has increased the susceptibility of forest ecosystems, resulting in escalated decline globally. As one largest biomasses Northern Hemisphere, Eurasian boreal forests are subjected to frequent drought, windthrow, and high-temperature disturbances. Over last century, bark beetle outbreaks have emerged as a major biotic threat these forests, extensive tree mortality. Despite implementing various management strategies mitigate populations reduce mortality, none been effective. Moreover, altered disturbance regimes due changing climate facilitated success attacks with shorter multivoltine life cycles, consequently inciting more beetle-caused This review explores population dynamics context change, stand dynamics, strategies. Additionally, it examines recent advancements like remote sensing canine detection infested trees focuses on cutting-edge molecular approaches including RNAi-nanoparticle complexes, RNAi-symbiotic microbes, sterile insect technique, CRISPR/Cas9-based methods. These diverse novel potential effectively address challenges associated managing beetles improving health response climate.

Язык: Английский

How three-dimensional forest structure regulates the amount and timing of snowmelt across a climatic gradient of snow persistence

Frontiers in Water, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Across the western United States, forests are changing rapidly, with uncertain impacts on snowmelt water resources. Snow partitioning is controlled by forest effects interception, radiation, and sublimation. Yet, models often lack snow measurements sufficiently high spatial temporal resolution across gradients of structure to accurately represent these fine-scale processes. Here, we utilize four Snowtography stations in Arizona, lower Colorado River Basin, daily over 3–5 years at ~110 positions distributed resulting from wildfires mechanical thinning. We combine lidar snapshots train a high-resolution model run it for 6 quantify how regulates snowpack snowmelt. These study sites climate gradient lower/warmer ephemeral (~2,100 m asl) higher/colder seasonal (~2,800 asl). Forest cover reduced through canopy advanced timing but delayed sites. Within gaps, shaded cool edges had greatest peak equivalent (SWE). Surprisingly, sunny/warm gap produced more than edges, because radiation melted quickly, reducing exposure Therefore, SWE not an ideal proxy volume snowpacks, which becoming prevalent due warming. The results imply that management can influence amount snowmelt, there may be decision trade-offs between enhancing resilience maximizing volumes downstream

Язык: Английский