Abstract
Background
Poor
social
health
is
associated
with
increased
risk
of
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD).
Recent
research
suggests
that
different
domains
should
be
considered
separately
as
the
implications
for
and
possible
interventions
may
differ.
Aim
To
assess
isolation,
low
support
loneliness
predictors
CVD.
Methods
Secondary
analysis
11,486
community-dwelling,
Australians,
aged
70
years
over,
free
CVD,
dementia,
or
significant
physical
disability,
from
ASPirin
in
Reducing
Events
Elderly
(ASPREE)
trial.
Social
(Revised
Lubben
Network
Scale),
were
assessed
CVD
using
Cox
proportional-hazard
regression.
events
included
fatal
heart
failure
hospitalization,
myocardial
infarction
stroke.
Analyses
adjusted
established
factors.
Results
Individuals
poor
42
%
more
likely
to
develop
(p
=
0.01)
twice
die
0.02)
over
a
median
4.5
follow-up.
Interaction
effects
indicated
poorer
strongly
predicted
smokers
(HR
4.83,
p
0.001,
p-interaction
0.01),
major
city
dwellers
1.94,
<
p-interaction=0.03),
younger
older
adults
(70-75
years;
HR
2.12,
0.01).
isolation
1.66,
0.04)
2.05,
0.002),
but
not
1.4,
0.1),
incident
All
measures
ischemic
stroke
1.73
3.16).
Conclusions
Among
healthy
adults,
important
than
future
prediction
models.
Cardiovascular Research,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
116(10), С. 1666 - 1687
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2020
Abstract
The
novel
coronavirus
disease
(COVID-19)
outbreak,
caused
by
SARS-CoV-2,
represents
the
greatest
medical
challenge
in
decades.
We
provide
a
comprehensive
review
of
clinical
course
COVID-19,
its
comorbidities,
and
mechanistic
considerations
for
future
therapies.
While
COVID-19
primarily
affects
lungs,
causing
interstitial
pneumonitis
severe
acute
respiratory
distress
syndrome
(ARDS),
it
also
multiple
organs,
particularly
cardiovascular
system.
Risk
infection
mortality
increase
with
advancing
age
male
sex.
Mortality
is
increased
comorbidities:
disease,
hypertension,
diabetes,
chronic
pulmonary
cancer.
most
common
complications
include
arrhythmia
(atrial
fibrillation,
ventricular
tachyarrhythmia,
fibrillation),
cardiac
injury
[elevated
highly
sensitive
troponin
I
(hs-cTnI)
creatine
kinase
(CK)
levels],
fulminant
myocarditis,
heart
failure,
embolism,
disseminated
intravascular
coagulation
(DIC).
Mechanistically,
following
proteolytic
cleavage
S
protein
serine
protease,
binds
to
transmembrane
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
—a
homologue
ACE—to
enter
type
pneumocytes,
macrophages,
perivascular
pericytes,
cardiomyocytes.
This
may
lead
myocardial
dysfunction
damage,
endothelial
dysfunction,
microvascular
plaque
instability,
infarction
(MI).
ACE2
essential
viral
invasion,
there
no
evidence
that
ACE
inhibitors
or
angiotensin
receptor
blockers
(ARBs)
worsen
prognosis.
Hence,
patients
should
not
discontinue
their
use.
Moreover,
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone
system
(RAAS)
might
be
beneficial
COVID-19.
Initial
immune
inflammatory
responses
induce
cytokine
storm
[interleukin
(IL)-6,
IL-7,
IL-22,
IL-17,
etc.]
during
rapid
progression
phase
Early
evaluation
continued
monitoring
damage
(cTnI
NT-proBNP)
(D-dimer)
after
hospitalization
identify
predict
complications.
Preventive
measures
(social
distancing
social
isolation)
risk.
Cardiovascular
therapies
currently
used,
including
remdesivir,
chloroquine,
hydroxychloroquine,
tocilizumab,
ribavirin,
interferons,
lopinavir/ritonavir,
as
well
experimental
therapies,
such
human
recombinant
(rhACE2),
are
discussed.
International Psychogeriatrics,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
32(10), С. 1217 - 1220
Опубликована: Май 26, 2020
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International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
34(11), С. 1613 - 1622
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2019
Objective
This
study
aimed
to
examine
the
association
of
loneliness
and
social
isolation
on
cognition
over
a
3‐year
follow‐up
period
in
middle‐
older‐aged
adults.
Methods
Data
from
Spanish
nationally
representative
sample
were
analyzed
(n
=
1691;
aged
50
years
or
older).
Loneliness,
isolation,
(immediate
recall,
delayed
verbal
fluency,
forward
digit
span,
backward
composite
cognitive
score)
assessed
both
at
baseline
follow‐up.
Adjusted
generalized
estimating
equations
models
performed.
Results
Loneliness
was
significantly
associated
with
lower
scores
score,
immediate
span
(
B
−0.14
−3.16;
P
<
.05)
more
rapid
decline
two
out
six
tests.
Higher
−0.06
−0.85;
.05).
The
effect
remained
significant
after
exclusion
individuals
depression.
Conclusions
Both
are
decreased
function
period.
development
interventions
that
include
enhancement
participation
maintenance
emotionally
supportive
relationships
might
contribute
prevention
risk
reduction.
European Heart Journal,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
39(38), С. 3543 - 3550
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2018
Ambient
air
pollution
is
a
leading
cause
of
non-communicable
disease
globally.
The
largest
proportion
deaths
and
morbidity
due
to
now
known
be
cardiovascular
disorders.
Several
particulate
gaseous
pollutants
can
trigger
acute
events
(e.g.
myocardial
infarction,
stroke,
heart
failure).
While
the
mechanisms
by
which
undergoing
continual
refinement,
preponderant
evidence
support
rapid
effects
diversity
including
all
course,
fine,
ultrafine
particles)
such
as
ozone,
on
vascular
function.
Indeed
alterations
in
endothelial
function
seem
critically
important
transducing
signals
eventually
promoting
disorders
hypertension,
diabetes,
atherosclerosis.
Here,
we
provide
an
updated
overview
impact
from
human
animal
studies.
for
causal
mechanistic
pathways
both
studies
that
various
hypothesized
general
their
individual
collective
highlighted.
We
also
discuss
current
gaps
knowledge
trials
evaluating
personal-level
strategies
reduce
exposure
fine
matter
(PM2.5)
function,
given
lack
definitive
randomized
using
hard
endpoints.
conclude
exhortation
formal
inclusion
major
risk
factor
societal
guidelines
provision
recommendations
prevent
adverse
attributable
pollution.
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2021
Abstract
The
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
placed
many
locations
under
‘stay
at
home”
orders
and
adults
simultaneously
underwent
a
form
of
social
isolation
that
is
unprecedented
in
the
modern
world.
Perceived
can
have
significant
effect
on
health
well-being.
Further,
one
live
with
others
still
experience
perceived
isolation.
However,
there
limited
research
psychological
well-being
during
pandemic.
In
addition,
much
to
older
adult
samples.
This
study
examined
effects
across
age
span.
Specifically,
this
documented
prevalence
COVID-19
as
well
various
factors
contribute
individuals
all
ages
feeling
more
or
less
isolated
while
they
are
required
maintain
physical
distancing
for
an
extended
period
time.
Survey
data
was
collected
from
309
who
ranged
18
84.
measure
consisted
42
item
survey
Revised
UCLA
Loneliness
Scale,
Measures
Social
Isolation
(Zavaleta
et
al.,
2017),
items
specifically
about
demographics.
Items
included
both
Likert
scale
open-ended
questions.
A
“snowball”
collection
process
used
build
sample.
While
entire
sample
reported
least
some
isolation,
young
highest
levels
χ
2
(2)
=
27.36,
p
<
0.001.
associated
poor
life
satisfaction
domains,
work-related
stress,
lower
trust
institutions.
Higher
substance
use
coping
strategy
also
related
higher
Respondents
reporting
subjective
personal
risk
has
negative
consequences
