Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System
Neurotrauma Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1), С. 322 - 335
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Traumatic
Brain
Injuries
(TBIs)
are
known
to
cause
a
myriad
of
symptoms
in
patients.
One
common
symptom
after
injury
is
sleep
disruptions.
neuropeptide
system
has
been
studied
repeatedly
as
potential
disruptions
TBI-
the
orexin/hypocretin
system.
Orexin
promotes
wakefulness
and
arousal
while
disrupting
orexin
causes
increased
sleepiness
narcolepsy.
Studies
TBI
human
animal
subjects
have
shown
that
affects
This
review
serves
an
overview
how
system,
including
structural
functional
changes
neurons
injury.
first
include
studies
examine
receptors.
also
examines
sex
accounted
for
TBI.
Язык: Английский
Modafinil/armodafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Brain Injury,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 9
Опубликована: Май 19, 2025
Previous
studies
investigated
pharmacological
options
for
reducing
excessive
daytime
sleepiness
(EDS)
after
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
with
mixed
results.
This
meta-analysis
aimed
to
assess
the
efficacy
and
safety
of
modafinil
or
armodafinil
in
post-TBI
persons
experiencing
EDS.
We
systematically
searched
PubMed,
Embase,
Cochrane
Library,
Web
Science,
ClinicalTrials.gov
identified
comparing
modafinil/armodafinil
versus
placebo
treating
EDS
TBI.
computed
pooled
risk
ratios
(RR)
mean
differences
(MD)
binary
continuous
outcomes,
respectively.
was
assessed
using
Epworth
Sleepiness
Scale
(ESS).
included
data
from
158
individuals
(mean
age
34.28
years;
62.64%
male)
three
randomized
controlled
trials.
In
those
treated
(dose
range:
100-400
mg)
150-250
mg),
ESS
score
decreased
comparison
(MD
-1.65;
95%
CI
-3.26
-0.04;
p
=
0.04).
The
insomnia
higher
group
compared
(RR
3.73;
1.11
12.54;
0.03).
There
no
significant
difference
between
groups
other
adverse
events
(e.g.,
nausea,
headache,
dizziness,
nasopharyngitis).
Modafinil/armodafinil
effectively
improved
TBI,
as
placebo,
albeit
an
increased
insomnia.
Язык: Английский
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Fear Extinction and Network Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex
Journal of Neurotrauma,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 22, 2025
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
is
a
leading
cause
of
morbidity
and
disability,
with
mild
TBI
(concussions)
representing
over
80%
cases.
Although
often
considered
benign,
associated
persistent
neuropsychiatric
conditions,
including
post-traumatic
stress
disorder,
anxiety,
depression.
A
hallmark
these
conditions
impaired
fear
extinction
(FE),
the
process
by
which
learned
responses
are
inhibited
in
safe
contexts.
This
dysfunction
contributes
to
maladaptive
expression
linked
altered
neurocircuitry,
particularly
infralimbic
cortex
(IL),
key
region
FE.
Despite
extensive
evidence
FE
patients
animal
models,
specific
mechanisms
underlying
this
deficit
remain
poorly
understood.
study
aimed
address
gap
combining
cued-FE
behavior,
local
field
potential
recordings,
whole-cell
patch-clamp
techniques
investigate
how
affects
IL
network
activity
excitability
mouse
model
TBI.
Our
results
demonstrate
that
lateral
fluid
percussion
significantly
impairs
memory,
as
evidenced
an
elevated
cued-fear
response
during
testing
10
days
post-injury.
Field
recordings
revealed
decreased
activation
both
layers
II/III
V,
was
consistent
observed
behavioral
deficits.
Further
analysis
synaptic
physiology
imbalance
excitatory
inhibitory
neurotransmission
(E/I
imbalance)
IL,
characterized
reduced
input
enhanced
neurons
layers.
Moreover,
intrinsic
after
provides
novel
insights
into
disrupts
neurocircuitry
FE,
specifically
suppressing
excitability.
These
highlight
importance
understanding
mechanistic
disruptions
for
developing
therapeutic
strategies
fear-based
disorders
Язык: Английский
Characteristics and Neural Mechanisms of Sleep–Wake Disturbances After Traumatic Brain Injury
Journal of Neurotrauma,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
41(15-16), С. 1813 - 1826
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Sleep
Язык: Английский
Neuropsychological consequences and sleep disorders in mild traumatic brain injury: pathomechanisms, diagnostic approaches and literature review
Psychiatry Neurology and Medical Psychology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
26, С. 438 - 446
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
Background.
During
wartime,
the
incidence
of
mild
traumatic
brain
injury
(mTBI)
has
significantly
increased
among
both
military
personnel
and
civilians.
These
injuries
are
often
accompanied
by
neuropsychological
disorders,
including
depression,
anxiety,
emotional
lability,
sleep
disturbances.
Purpose
–
this
study
aims
to
analyze
impact
mTBI
on
sleep,
emotional,
behavioral
functioning.
To
identify
pathophysiological
mechanisms
behind
disorders
disturbances,
along
with
diagnostic
approaches
for
their
detection.
Materials
Methods.
The
article
presents
a
bibliographic
systematic
review
data
from
PubMed,
Scopus,
Web
Science
development
as
well
psychiatric
conditions.
Results.
Key
underlying
these
include
changes
in
neurotransmitter
regulation,
dysfunction
prefrontal
cortex,
structural
damage
hippocampus
amygdala.
relationship
between
sleepdisturbances,
state,
functioning
been
characterized,
highlighting
decision-making,
social
adaptation,
patient’s
quality
life.
Conclusions.
Further
research
should
focus
developing
effective
screening
methods
diagnosis
wartime
conditions,
allowing
prompt
interventionand
improving
rehabilitation
outcomes.
Язык: Английский