The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 614 - 614

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2023

It is important to acknowledge the impact that COVID-19 has on thyroid gland and how status before during infection affects SARS-CoV-2 severity. To this day those dependencies are not fully understood. known virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as receptor for cellular entry it can lead multiple organ failures due a cytokine storm. Levels of proinflammatory molecules (such cytokines chemokines) which commonly elevated were significantly higher in observed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. In terms hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune diseases, there no proof dysfunctions have direct more severe courses COVID-19. Regarding hyper- hypothyroidism was consequential dependency between frequency morbidity post-infectious complications. When comes evaluation be performed unclear relation with level antibodies checked illnesses its binding mentioned virus. Nonetheless, based analyzed works we found trigger immune system cause hyperactivity, sometimes leading new onset disorders. We also noticed acute patients mainly reduced free triiodothyronine serum levels, future, might used mortality indicating factor regarding Considering subacute thyroiditis (SAT), statistically data proving correlation been found. Nevertheless, taking into account fact SAT triggered by respiratory tract viral infections, too. There many heterogenous figures symptoms, annual distribution, cases, so topic requires further evaluation.

Язык: Английский

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Type 3 deiodinase activation mediated by the Shh/Gli1 axis promotes sepsis-induced metabolic dysregulation in skeletal muscles

Burns & Trauma, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is commonly observed in critically ill patients, characterized by the inactivation of systemic thyroid hormones (TH), which aggravates metabolic dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that enhanced TH mediated reactivation type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) at tissue level, culminating a perturbed local equilibrium. This study assessed whether targeted inhibition Dio3 can maintain homeostasis under septic conditions and explored mechanism behind reactivation. Methods A retrospective clinical was conducted to investigate attributes rT3. The expression detected immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining tissues extracted from CLP-induced rats human biopsy samples. In addition, effect on skeletal muscle metabolism with knockdown using an adeno-associated virus. effectiveness Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling levels receiving cyclopamine. mechanisms underlying such were RNA-seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation–qPCR assays. Results main product Dio3, rT3, strongly associated organ function. Early sepsis leads significant upregulation muscles lung rats. restores responsiveness, prevents fast-to-slow fiber conversion, preserves glucose transporter 4 functionality, maintains balance between protein synthesis proteolysis, preserved mass. transcriptionally regulated Shh pathway induced signal transducer activator transcription 3. Conclusions suppression actions, attenuates ameliorates anabolic resistance rats, thereby improving homeostasis. Our results provide insights into its critical role alterations sepsis, while also suggesting novel targets aimed ameliorating tissue-specific disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

The literature is rapidly evolving with regards to the endocrine consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal and pituitary disorders. There evidence suggesting that severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead dysfunction long-term sequelae. We aimed review current propose a preventive approach based on published data since beginning COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive was conducted using electronic databases PubMed Google Scholar. Two authors independently used keywords "Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Graves, Thyroid Eye Disease, or Thyroiditis" "Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19" search these databases. screened titles abstracts for initial selection then reviewed full text relevant studies report outcomes data. selected 28 manuscripts. appears similar other viruses. It affects function resulting in non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which usually resolves spontaneously. also causes subacute thyroiditis. may trigger autoimmunity against leads autoimmune Autoimmune thyroiditis progress clinical subclinical hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism. Patients pre-existing probably have risks related adverse outcomes. Evaluation important patients. Improving efficacy treatment reduce short-term complications. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023447994.

Язык: Английский

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in thyroid follicular cells from a COVID-19 autopsy series

European Thyroid Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

To understand whether thyroid cells can be directly infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to establish a putative correlation with expression of host entry machinery: ACE-2, TMPRSS2, furin.We assessed presence at gene level RT-PCR, viral RNA transcripts localization in situ hybridization, detecting proteins immunohistochemistry for nucleocapsid spike proteins. Furthermore, we also described immunoexpression key factors COVID-19 samples.We performed RT-PCR all autopsy specimens detected genome positivity 13 15 tissues lung specimen. In 9 14 positive samples, were able confirm signal hybridization. Immunohistochemistry protein was ten nine RT-PCR-positive cases, respectively, but revealed lower sensitivity. We described, first time series, immunohistochemical furin thyroid.Our results obtained from deceased patients indicate that thyrocytes since follicular cells. Nevertheless, did not find clear between entry, namely furin.

Язык: Английский

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Thyroid function changes and COVID-19 severity: egg or chicken?

Endocrine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 78(3), С. 436 - 440

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Thyroglobulin levels in COVID-19-positive patients: Correlations with thyroid function tests, inflammatory markers, and glucocorticoid use

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

COVID-19 often results in generalized inflammation and affects various organs systems. Endocrine research focused on the possible sequelae of COVID-19, with special interest given to thyroid gland. Clinical problems such as function non-thyroidal illness (NTI), autoimmune thyroiditis, COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis (SAT) quickly gained wide coverage. Thyrotoxicosis origins leads release peripheral hormones thyroglobulin (TG), main glycoprotein contained within follicular lumen. In our study, we evaluated TG levels COVID-19-positive patients investigated relationships between TG, tests (TFTs), inflammatory markers. Our approach included separate subanalyses who received those did not receive glucocorticoids (GCs). entire population studied, concentration tended decrease time (p<0.001; p1,2 = 0.025, p1,3 0.001, p2,3 0.003), this pattern was especially clear among treated GCs p1,2=<0.001; p1,3=<0.001; p 2,3=<0.001). The differed significantly GC at second third points observation (p=0.033 p=0.001, consecutively). differ normal abnormal TFTs. correlations TFTs, markers were very limited. 19 had elevated levels, but a TFT suggestive thyrotoxicosis common group. There no statistically significant differences met meet predefined combined primary endpoint.

Язык: Английский

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Hypothyroidism does not lead to worse prognosis in COVID-19: findings from the Brazilian COVID-19 registry

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 116, С. 319 - 327

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

It is not clear whether previous thyroid diseases influence the course and outcomes of COVID-19.The study a part multicentric cohort patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from 37 hospitals. Matching for age, sex, number comorbidities, hospital was performed paired analysis.Of 7,762 COVID-19, 526 had previously diagnosed hypothyroidism were matched controls. The median age 70 years, 68.3% females. prevalence comorbidities similar, except coronary chronic kidney that higher in group (p=0.015 p=0.001). D-dimer levels lower hypothyroid (p=0.037). In-hospital management but length-of-stay (p=0.029) mechanical ventilation requirement (p=0.006) hypothyroidism. There trend in-hospital mortality (22.1% vs 27.0%; p=0.062).Patients showed mortality. Therefore, does seem to be associated worse prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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The Association Between FT3 With the Outcome and Inflammation/Coagulopathy/Fibrinolysis of COVID-19

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused substantial threats to people's physical health and lives, claiming the lives of over 5 million people worldwide. It is imperative identify severity intervene with effective therapy as early possible. Previous studies have shown that low free triiodothyronine (FT3) may possess predictive value on COVID-19 prognosis.In this retrospective cohort study, 15-day clinical laboratory data 186 hospitalized patients after admission were analyzed. Groups based COVID-19, survival or non-survival, presence absence euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS). Categorical variables compared chi-square test Fisher's exact test. Continuous tested by Wilcoxon rank-sum for non-normal distribution. Spearman correlations used assess between FT3 clinic parameters multiple time points.The non-survival had significant lower levels (3.24 ± 0.42 vs. 4.19 0.08 pmol/L, p < 0.05) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (0.69 0.19 2.32 0.2 uIU/ml, 0.05), severe was significantly than non-severe (3.67 0.14 4.33 0.09 0.05). Fifty-nine cases diagnosed ESS. Compared non-ESS patients, those ESS older higher proportions fever, shortness breath, hypertension, diabetes, disease, mortality. In addition, correlation analysis showed positively related lymphocyte count albumin negatively correlated C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-dimer at all points in first 15 days admission.Low a prognosis inflammation/coagulopathy/fibrinolysis.

Язык: Английский

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Heterozygote Advantage of the Type II Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism on Intrahospital Mortality of COVID-19

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 107(6), С. e2488 - e2501

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022

Abstract Context The type 2 deiodinase and its Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism have been linked to clinical outcomes in acute lung injury pulmonary fibrosis. Objective Our objectives were evaluate cumulative mortality during admission according polymorphism. Methods Here we conducted an observational, longitudinal, prospective cohort study investigate a possible association between the intrahospital from COVID-19 adult patients admitted June August 2020. Blood biochemistry, thyroid function tests, length of stay, comorbidities, complications, severity scores also studied Results In total, 220 consecutive (median age 62; 48-74 years) stratified into 3 subgroups: Thr/Thr (n = 79), Thr/Ala 119), Ala/Ala 23). While overall was 17.3%, lethality lower Ala/Thr (12.6%) than (21.7%) or (23%). heterozygous genotype (Thr/Ala) associated with 47% reduced risk whereas univariate multivariate logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates revealed reduction that ranged 51% 66%. better confirmed metanalysis 5 studies, including present one. Conclusion provide evidence protective role played by heterozygosity COVID-19. This effect follows inheritance model known as overdominance, which phenotype heterozygote lies outside phenotypical range both homozygous.

Язык: Английский

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Thyroid Function Abnormalities and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(03), С. 169 - 175

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Abstract Thyroid gland can be affected by the COVID-19 infection. The pattern of thyroid function abnormality reported in is variable; addition, some drugs used patients like glucocorticoids and heparin affect tests (TFT). We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study abnormalities with autoimmune profile varying severity from November 2020 to June 2021. Serum FT4, FT3, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-Tg antibodies were measured before initiation treatment steroids anti-coagulants. A total 271 included study, which 27 asymptomatic remaining 158, 39, 47 classified mild, moderate severe categories, respectively, according MoHFW, India criteria. Their mean age was 49±17 years 64.9% males. Abnormal TFT present 37.2% (101/271) patients. Low low TSH 21.03%, 15.9% 4.5% patients, respectively. Pattern corresponding sick euthyroid syndrome most common. Both FT3 FT3/FT4 ratio decreased increasing illness (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, associated increased risk mortality (OR 12.36, 95% CI: 1.23–124.19; p=0.033). autoantibodies positive 58 (27.14%) patients; but it not any dysfunction. common among are indicators disease while a prognostic marker mortality.

Язык: Английский

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