Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1511 - 1534

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Язык: Английский

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Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 242, С. 108426 - 108426

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

Here we build on the manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, issued by Alliance of World Scientists. As a group conservation biologists deeply concerned about decline insect populations, here review what know drivers extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions can negatively impact humanity. We are causing driving habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation, use polluting harmful substances, spread invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, co-extinction species dependent other species. With lose much more than abundance biomass insects, diversity across space time with consequent homogenization, large parts tree life, unique ecological functions traits, fundamental extensive networks biotic interactions. Such losses lead key ecosystem services which humanity depends. From pollination decomposition, being resources for new medicines, quality indication many others, insects provide essential irreplaceable services. appeal urgent action close knowledge gaps curb extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional strategies counter this trend is essential. Solutions available implementable, but needed now match our intentions.

Язык: Английский

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Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation

Water, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(1), С. 260 - 260

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2020

In this overview (introductory article to a special issue including 14 papers), we consider all main types of natural and artificial inland freshwater habitas (fwh). For each type, identify the biodiversity patterns ecological features, human impacts on system environmental issues, discuss ways use information improve stewardship. Examples selected key biodiversity/ecological features (habitat type): narrow endemics, sensitive (groundwater GDEs); crenobionts, LIHRes (springs); unidirectional flow, nutrient spiraling (streams); naturally turbid, floodplains, large-bodied species (large rivers); depth-variation in benthic communities (lakes); endemism diversity (ancient lakes); threatened, (oxbow lakes, SWE); diverse, reduced littoral (reservoirs); cold-adapted (Boreal Arctic fwh); endemism, depauperate (Antarctic flood pulse, intermittent wetlands, biggest river basins (tropical variable hydrologic regime—periods drying, flash floods (arid-climate fwh). Selected impacts: eutrophication other pollution, modifications, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, salinization. Climate change is threat multiplier, it important quantify resistance, resilience, recovery assess strategic role different ecosystems their value for conservation. Effective conservation solutions are dependent an understanding connectivity between (including related terrestrial, coastal marine systems).

Язык: Английский

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Applications of environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect subterranean and aquatic invasive species: A critical review on the challenges and limitations of eDNA metabarcoding

Environmental Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12, С. 100370 - 100370

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023

The world is struggling to solve a devastating biodiversity loss that not only affects the extinction of treasured species and irreplaceable genetic variation, but also jeopardizes food production, health, safety people. All initiatives aimed conserve rely heavily on monitoring both populations get accurate spatial patterns overall population assessments. Conventional techniques, such as visual surveys counting individuals, are problematic due challenges in identifying cryptic or immature life stages. Environmental DNA (eDNA) relatively new technology has potential be faster, non-invasive, cost-effective tool for biodiversity, conservation, management practices. eDNA been extracted from materials ancient present, its applications range identification individual study entire ecosystems. In past few years, there substantial increase usage research pertaining ecological preservation conservation. However, several technological problems still need solved. To reduce number false positives and/or negatives produced by current technologies, it necessary improve optimize calibration validation at every stage procedure. There significant greater information about physical constraints use, well synthesis, state, expected lifespan, modes movement. Due widespread use research, essential assess extent breadth these studies. this article, we critically reviewed primary subterranean aquatic invasive species. Through review, readers can better understand limitations metabarcoding.

Язык: Английский

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Desertification in karst areas: A review

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 253, С. 104786 - 104786

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Global groundwater warming due to climate change

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6), С. 545 - 551

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Aquifers contain the largest store of unfrozen freshwater, making groundwater critical for life on Earth. Surprisingly little is known about how responds to surface warming across spatial and temporal scales. Focusing diffusive heat transport, we simulate current projected temperatures at global scale. We show that depth water table (excluding permafrost regions) conservatively warm average by 2.1 °C between 2000 2100 under a medium emissions pathway. However, regional shallow patterns vary substantially due variability in climate change depth. The lowest rates are mountain regions such as Andes or Rocky Mountains. illustrate increasing influences stream thermal regimes, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, aquatic biogeochemical processes, quality geothermal potential. Results indicate following pathway, 77 million 188 people live areas where exceeds highest threshold drinking set any country.

Язык: Английский

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Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1855 - 1872

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories which to develop and address general questions geology, ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into principles. contemporary era big data, modelling tools, revolutionary advances genetics (meta)genomics provides an opportunity revisit unresolved challenges, well examine promising new avenues research Accordingly, we have developed roadmap guide future endeavours biology adapting well‐established methodology ‘horizon scanning’ identify highest priority across six subject areas. Based on expert opinion 30 scientists from around globe with complementary expertise different academic ages, assembled initial list 258 fundamental concentrating macroecology microbial adaptation, evolution, conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 biologists various backgrounds assisted us reducing our 50 top‐priority questions. These broad scope ready be addressed next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate towards deeper understanding foster hypothesis‐driven likely resonate broadly traditional boundaries field.

Язык: Английский

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Cascading extinctions as a hidden driver of insect decline

Ecological Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46(4), С. 743 - 756

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020

1. The decline in insect abundance and diversity observed many ecosystems is of major concern because the long‐term consequences for ecosystem function stability. 2. Species ecological communities are connected through interactions forming complex networks. Therefore, initial extinctions can cause further species losses co‐extinctions extinction cascades, where single lead to waves secondary extinctions. Such knock‐on effects multiply impact disturbances, thereby largely adding erosion biodiversity. However, our knowledge their importance current hampered challenging both detect predict. 3. In this review, we bring together theory about light main drivers decline. We evaluate potential evidence cascading different identify pathways. By providing selected examples discuss how habitat loss, pollution, invasions, climate change overexploitation argue that loss pollution particular have largest such by changing community structure, physical environment, robustness. 4. Overall, part an ecosystems' response anthropogenic but so far not explicitly measured contribution when evaluating biodiversity loss. This necessary predict find strategies buffer against devastating change.

Язык: Английский

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Integrative taxonomy uncovers a new stygobiotic Caridina species (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from Guizhou Province, China

ZooKeys, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1028, С. 29 - 47

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Collecting much-needed information on the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of cave-dwelling shrimp is vital for addressing urgent challenges in conservation biodiversity fragile cave ecosystems. Caridina incolor sp. nov. , a new atyid from an underground stream Yaoshui Cave, Daqikong scenic area, Libo County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China described based morphology DNA analysis (mitochondrial COI). differs epigean congeners by its smaller eyes which range reduced to completely blind; colorless body appendages; long stylocerite sixth abdominal segment; relatively large eggs. In comparison other species, presents rostrum stylocerite; slender unique shape appendix masculina. Data habitat, ecology, levels threat are provided suggest that it should be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) under current IUCN criteria.

Язык: Английский

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Shifting spaces: Which disparity or dissimilarity measurement best summarize occupancy in multidimensional spaces?

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(14), С. 7261 - 7275

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020

Multidimensional analysis of traits are now common in ecology and evolution based on trait spaces which each dimension summarizes the observed combination (a morphospace or an ecospace). Observations interest will typically occupy a subset this space, researchers calculate one more measures to quantify how organisms inhabit that space. In macroevolution ecology, these called disparity dissimilarity metrics generalized as space occupancy measures. Researchers use investigate changes through time, relation other groups organisms, response global environmental changes. However, mathematical biological meaning most is vague with majority widely used lacking formal description. Here, we propose broad classification into three categories capture size, density, position. We study behavior 25 position simulated empirical datasets. find no measure describes all aspects but some better at capturing certain aspects. Our results confirm (size, position) allow us relate any phenomena. Because choice specific data question, introduced https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms, tool both visualize for measurement. https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms designed help workers choose right measures, given properties their question. By providing guidelines vocabulary analysis, hope bridging gap multidimensional research between evolution.

Язык: Английский

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