Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1)
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
neuropathologically
characterized
by
the
extracellular
deposition
of
amyloid-β
peptide
(Aβ)
and
intraneuronal
accumulation
abnormal
phosphorylated
tau
(τ)-protein
(p-τ).
Most
frequently,
these
hallmark
lesions
are
accompanied
other
co-pathologies
in
brain
that
may
contribute
to
cognitive
impairment,
such
as
vascular
lesions,
transactive-response
DNA-binding
protein
43
(TDP-43),
and/or
α-synuclein
(αSyn)
aggregates.
To
estimate
extent
AD
patients,
several
biomarkers
have
been
developed.
Specific
tracers
target
visualize
Aβ
plaques,
p-τ
αSyn
pathology
or
inflammation
positron
emission
tomography.
In
addition
imaging
biomarkers,
cerebrospinal
fluid,
blood-based
biomarker
assays
reflecting
AD-specific
non-specific
processes
either
already
clinical
use
development.
this
review,
we
will
introduce
pathological
brain,
related
discuss
what
respective
determined
at
post-mortem
histopathological
analysis.
It
became
evident
initial
stages
plaque
not
detected
with
currently
available
biomarkers.
Interestingly,
precedes
deposition,
especially
beginning
when
unable
detect
it.
Later,
takes
lead
accelerates
pathology,
fitting
well
known
evolution
measures
over
time.
Some
still
lack
clinically
established
today,
TDP-43
cortical
microinfarcts.
summary,
specific
for
AD-related
pathologies
allow
accurate
diagnosis
based
on
pathobiological
parameters.
Although
current
excellent
pathologies,
they
fail
which
analysis
required.
Accordingly,
neuropathological
studies
remain
essential
understand
development
early
stages.
Moreover,
there
an
urgent
need
co-pathologies,
limbic
predominant,
age-related
encephalopathy-related
modify
interacting
p-τ.
Novel
approaches
vesicle-based
cryptic
RNA/peptides
help
better
future.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
36(2), С. 112 - 118
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023
Purpose
of
review
Several
plasma
biomarkers
for
Alzheimer's
disease
and
related
disorders
(ADRD)
have
demonstrated
clinical
technical
robustness.
However,
are
they
ready
implementation?
This
critically
appraises
current
evidence
against
the
immediate
use
in
care.
Recent
findings
Plasma
significantly
improved
our
understanding
ADRD
time-course,
risk
factors,
diagnosis
prognosis.
These
advances
accelerating
development
in-human
testing
therapeutic
candidates,
selection
individuals
with
subtle
biological
who
fit
criteria
early
targeting.
standardized
tests
well
validated
cut-off
values
lacking.
Moreover,
some
assays
(e.g.,
Aβ
methods)
poor
robustness
to
withstand
inevitable
day-to-day
variations.
Additionally,
recent
reports
suggest
that
common
comorbidities
aging
kidney
disease,
diabetes,
hypertension)
can
erroneously
affect
biomarker
levels,
utility
generalizability.
Furthermore,
it
is
unclear
if
health
disparities
explain
reported
racial/ethnic
differences
levels
functions.
Finally,
clinically
approved
methods
more
expensive
than
CSF
assays,
questioning
their
cost
effectiveness.
Summary
capacity
detect
ADRD.
widespread
requires
issues
around
thresholds,
diverse
populations
be
addressed.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
33(37)
Опубликована: Май 24, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
one
of
the
main
causes
dementia
worldwide,
whereby
neuronal
death
or
malfunction
leads
to
cognitive
impairment
in
elderly
population.
AD
highly
prevalent,
with
increased
projections
over
next
few
decades.
Yet
current
diagnostic
methods
for
occur
only
after
presentation
clinical
symptoms.
Evidence
literature
points
potential
mechanisms
induction
beginning
before
symptoms
start
present,
such
as
formation
amyloid
beta
(A
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(12), С. 6295 - 6295
Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024
Neurological
damage
is
the
pathological
substrate
of
permanent
disability
in
various
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Early
detection
this
damage,
including
its
identification
and
quantification,
critical
to
preventing
disease’s
progression
brain.
Tau,
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP),
neurofilament
light
chain
(NfL),
as
brain
biomarkers,
have
potential
improve
diagnostic
accuracy,
disease
monitoring,
prognostic
assessment,
treatment
efficacy.
These
biomarkers
are
released
into
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
blood
proportionally
degree
neuron
astrocyte
different
neurological
disorders,
stroke,
traumatic
injury,
multiple
sclerosis,
dementia,
Parkinson’s
disease.
Here,
we
review
how
GFAP,
NfL
detected
CSF
crucial
tools,
well
levels
these
used
for
differentiating
a
range
diseases
monitoring
progression.
We
also
discuss
biosensor
approach
that
allows
real-time
diseases.
This
combined
system
holds
significant
promise
developing
more
specific
accurate
clinical
tools
can
identify
type
stage
human
with
greater
precision.
à
la
diffusion
de
documents
scientifiques
niveau
recherche,
publiés
ou
non,
émanant
des
établissements
d'enseignement
et
recherche
français
étrangers,
laboratoires
publics
privés.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(13), С. 6901 - 6901
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
prevalent
neurodegenerative
disorder
and
affects
millions
of
individuals
globally.
AD
associated
with
cognitive
decline
memory
loss
that
worsens
aging.
A
statistical
report
using
U.S.
data
on
estimates
approximately
6.9
million
suffer
from
AD,
a
number
projected
to
surge
13.8
by
2060.
Thus,
there
critical
imperative
pinpoint
address
its
hallmark
tau
protein
aggregation
early
prevent
manage
debilitating
effects.
Amyloid-β
proteins
are
primarily
formation
plaques
neurofibril
tangles
in
brain.
Current
research
efforts
focus
degrading
amyloid-β
or
inhibiting
their
synthesis,
particularly
targeting
APP
processing
hyperphosphorylation,
aiming
develop
effective
clinical
interventions.
However,
navigating
this
intricate
landscape
requires
ongoing
studies
trials
treatments
truly
make
difference.
Genome-wide
association
(GWASs)
across
various
cohorts
identified
40
loci
over
300
genes
AD.
Despite
wealth
genetic
data,
much
remains
be
understood
about
functions
these
role
process,
prompting
continued
investigation.
By
delving
deeper
into
associations,
novel
targets
such
as
kinases,
proteases,
cytokines,
degradation
pathways,
offer
new
directions
for
drug
discovery
therapeutic
intervention
This
review
delves
biological
pathways
disrupted
identifies
how
variations
within
could
serve
potential
treatment
strategies.
Through
comprehensive
understanding
molecular
underpinnings
researchers
aim
pave
way
more
therapies
can
alleviate
burden
devastating
disease.
