Disease Outbreaks in Ex-Situ Plant Conservation and Potential Management Strategies

Sustainable development and biodiversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 497 - 515

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

One hundred research questions in conservation physiology for generating actionable evidence to inform conservation policy and practice

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract Environmental change and biodiversity loss are but two of the complex challenges facing conservation practitioners policy makers. Relevant robust scientific knowledge is critical for providing decision-makers with actionable evidence needed to inform decisions. In Anthropocene, science that leads meaningful improvements in conservation, restoration management desperately needed. Conservation Physiology has emerged as a discipline well-positioned identify mechanisms underpinning population declines, predict responses environmental test different situ ex interventions diverse taxa ecosystems. Here we present consensus list 10 priority research themes. Within each theme specific questions (100 total), answers which will address problems should improve biological resources. The themes frame set related following: (i) adaptation phenotypic plasticity; (ii) human–induced change; (iii) human–wildlife interactions; (iv) invasive species; (v) methods, biomarkers monitoring; (vi) policy, engagement communication; (vii) pollution; (viii) actions; (ix) threatened (x) urban systems. hopefully guide inspire researchers while also helping demonstrate makers many ways physiology can help support their

Язык: Английский

---

Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 374(1782), С. 20190014 - 20190014

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Capturing wild animal welfare: a physiological perspective

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(1), С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2023

ABSTRACT Affective states, such as emotions, are presumably widespread across the animal kingdom because of adaptive advantages they supposed to confer. However, study affective states animals has thus far been largely restricted enhancing welfare managed by humans in non‐natural contexts. Given diversity wild and variable conditions can experience, extending studies on natural that most experience will allow us broaden deepen our general understanding welfare. Yet, this same makes examining highly challenging. There is therefore a need for unifying theoretical frameworks methodological approaches guide researchers keen engage promising research area. The aim article help advance important area highlighting central relationship between physiology rectify its apparent oversight, revealed current scientific literature animals. Moreover, emphasises including physiological markers assess (e.g. objectivity, comparability, condition range, temporality), well their concomitant limitations only access peripheral with complex relationships states). Best‐practice recommendations replication multifactorial approaches) also provided be used effectively appropriately when assessing habitat. This review seeks provide foundation new distinct vast applied potential: physiology.

Язык: Английский

---

Applied ecoimmunology: using immunological tools to improve conservation efforts in a changing world

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract Ecoimmunology is a rapidly developing field that explores how the environment shapes immune function, which in turn influences host–parasite relationships and disease outcomes. Host defence key fitness determinant because it underlies capacity of animals to resist or tolerate potential infections. Importantly, function can be suppressed, depressed, reconfigured stimulated by exposure changing environmental drivers like temperature, pollutants food availability. Thus, hosts may experience trade-offs resulting from altered investment under stressors. As such, approaches ecoimmunology provide powerful tools assist conservation wildlife. Here, we case studies explore diverse ways inform advance efforts, understanding Galapagos finches will fare with introduced parasites, using methods human oncology design vaccines against transmissible cancer Tasmanian devils. In addition, discuss future present 10 questions help guide this emerging better decisions biodiversity protection. From linking changes outcomes different conditions, individual variation contributes dynamics wild populations, there immense for imperilled face new re-emerging pathogens, addition improving detection management zoonoses.

Язык: Английский

---

Glucocorticoids in a warming world: Do they help birds to cope with high environmental temperatures?

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 142, С. 105178 - 105178

Опубликована: Май 10, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

The Future of Invasion Science Needs Physiology

BioScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 72(12), С. 1204 - 1219

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Abstract Incorporating physiology into models of population dynamics will improve our understanding how and why invasions succeed cause ecological impacts, whereas others fail or remain innocuous. Targeting both organismal physiologists invasion scientists, we detail physiological processes affect every stage, for plants animals, data can be better used studying the spatial effects invasive species. We suggest six steps to quantify functions related demography nonnative species: justifying traits interest, determining ecologically appropriate time frames, identifying relevant abiotic variables, designing experimental treatments that capture covariation between measuring responses these fitting statistical data. also provide brief guidance on approaches modeling invasions. Finally, emphasize benefits integrating research communities scientists.

Язык: Английский

---

Stable isotope approaches and opportunities for improving plant conservation

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract Successful conservation of threatened species and ecosystems in a rapidly changing world requires scientifically sound decision-making tools that are readily accessible to practitioners. Physiological applications examine how plants animals interact with their environment now widely used when planning, implementing monitoring conservation. Among these tools, stable-isotope physiology is potentially powerful, yet under-utilized cornerstone current future efforts endangered plants. We review the underlying concepts theory describe can support plant focus on stable isotopes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen address ecophysiological responses environmental conditions across temporal scales from hours centuries. examples broad range taxa, life forms habitats provide specific where analysis directly improve conservation, part by helping identify resilient, locally adapted genotypes or populations. Our aims guide for practitioners easily access evaluate information be derived signatures, limitations efforts.

Язык: Английский

---

Glucocorticoids and land cover: a largescale comparative approach to assess a physiological biomarker for avian conservation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1898)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

As humans alter landscapes worldwide, land and wildlife managers need reliable tools to assess monitor responses of populations. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormone levels are one common physiological metric used quantify how populations coping in the context their environments. Understanding whether GC can reflect broad landscape characteristics, using data that free commonplace diverse stakeholders, is an important step towards biomarkers having practical application management conservation. We conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis publicly available datasets test efficacy GCs as biomarker for large spatial-scale avian population monitoring. from HormoneBase (51 species), natural history information US national cover determine if baseline or stress-induced corticosterone varies with amount usable types within each species' home range. found levels, but not baseline, positively correlated per cent both across species. Our results indicate concentrations may be useful characterizing range habitat availability, we advocate more studies on non-traditional species less studied build this framework. This article part theme issue 'Endocrine environmental variation: conceptual approaches recent developments'.

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of increasing soil moisture on Antarctic desert microbial ecosystems

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Overgeneralization and a lack of baseline data for microorganisms in high-latitude environments have restricted the understanding microbial response to climate change, which is needed establish Antarctic conservation frameworks. To bridge this gap, we examined over 17,000 sequence variants bacteria microeukarya across hyperarid Vestfold Hills Windmill Islands regions eastern Antarctica. Using an extended gradient forest model, quantified multispecies variations along 79 edaphic gradients explore effects change wind-driven dispersal on community dynamics under projected warming trends. We also analyzed second set soil from test our predictions major environmental tipping points. Soil moisture was most robust predictor shaping regional microbiome; highest rates compositional turnover occurred at 10-12% threshold photoautotrophs, such as Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta. Dust profiles revealed high propensity Chlamydomonas, microalga, higher biomass detected trafficked research stations. This could signal potential algal blooms increased nonendemic species human activities increase region. Predicted increases availability were accompanied by photoautotroph abundances. Abundances rare oligotrophic taxa, Eremiobacterota Candidatus Dormibacterota, play crucial role atmospheric chemosynthesis, declined time. That photosynthetic taxa scenario suggests competition between primary production strategies thus more biotically driven ecosystem should become milder. Better triggers will aid efforts, it that long-term monitoring study sites be established protection desert ecosystems. Furthermore, successful implementation improved model presents exciting opportunity broaden its use systems globally.

Язык: Английский

---