Vaccine-Preventable Conditions: Disparities in Hospitalizations Affecting Rural Communities in the Southeast United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(4), С. 466 - 466

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Vaccinations are among the most effective means of preventing hospitalizations related to infections. Despite this, high hospitalization rates for vaccine-preventable diseases strain available healthcare resources and imply deficiencies in primary care. Barriers vaccinations exist, such as recent pandemic, vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, access This study analyzes due conditions identifies factors contributing an increase these southeast United States. used data from four different sources. The covers pre-pandemic years (2016 2019) pandemic period (2020 2022). analysis categorized numbers with preventative across three age groups: pre-school aged children, school-aged adults. Comparisons between school- versus non-school-mandated vaccines a focus on differences rural urban communities, well demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race, ethnicity), included. Chi-squared tests were assess this descriptive part analysis. Linear multiple regression was examine independent influence geographic location while accounting potential longitudinal trends dimensions SVI, including socioeconomic status, household composition, disability, minority status language, type transportation. dataset included 22,797,826 inpatient episodes, 32,358 which principal reason condition, not COVID-19. shows consistent pattern characterized by higher counties classified rural. holds preschool (p < 0.001), school = 0.004), adults 0.009). statistically significant white population 0.008); school-age 0.001); females 0.08 pre-school, p 0.013 adults); black 0.02). results confirmed findings analysis, indicating significantly communities. Finally, also showed associated greater social vulnerability. highlights gaps vaccination opportunities. These can be seen geographically terms vulnerability, affected poverty, language barriers, Hospitalizations immunizable found areas, particularly Communities SVI show rates. Community-engaged outreach programs state policies could improve rates, therefore, public health reducing hospitalizations, lowering infectious disease risks areas.

Язык: Английский

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Geographical and practical challenges in the implementation of digital health passports for cross-border COVID-19 pandemic management: a narrative review and framework for solutions

Globalization and Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2023

The rapid global spread of infectious diseases, epitomized by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted critical need for effective cross-border pandemic management strategies. Digital health passports (DHPs), which securely store and facilitate sharing information, including vaccination records test results, have emerged as a promising solution to enable safe travel access essential services economic activities during pandemics. However, implementation DHPs faces several significant challenges, both related geographical disparities practical considerations, necessitating comprehensive approach successful adoption. In this narrative review article, we identify elaborate on barriers that hinder adoption utilization DHPs. Geographical are complex, encompassing in vaccine access, regulatory inconsistencies, differences across countries data security users' privacy policies, challenges interoperability standardization, inadequacies technological infrastructure limited digital technologies. Practical include possibility contraindications breakthrough infections, uncertainties surrounding natural immunity, limitations standard tests assessing infection risk. To address enhance functionality DHPs, propose framework emphasizes international collaboration achieve equitable vaccines testing resources. Furthermore, recommend cooperation establish unified frameworks, adopting globally accepted standards protection, implementing protocols, taking steps bridge divide. Addressing requires meticulous individual risk augmenting DHP with rigorous screenings personal prevention measures. Collectively, these initiatives contribute development robust inclusive strategies, ultimately promoting safer more interconnected community face current future

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among vulnerable populations in Thailand: An application of the health belief model

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(4), С. e26043 - e26043

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

BackgroundAssessing the acceptance of vaccinations among vulnerable populations is essential to ensure proper coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control. This study used Health Belief Model examine intention vaccinate against COVID-19 in Thailand.MethodsThis analytical cross-sectional was conducted Thailand between October and November 2021. Using multistage random sampling, 945 individuals from (i.e., older adults, pregnant women, market or street vendors, with chronic diseases) were selected invited complete a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed participants' socioeconomic characteristics, preventive measures, knowledge, preventative health beliefs, vaccine intention. A generalized linear mixed model identify factors associated receive vaccine.ResultsThe prevalence intent accept 75.03% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.16–77.68). cue action (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.13; 95% CI: 2.07–4.71), perceived benefits (AOR 2.04; 1.38–3.01), severity 1.77; 1.18–2.65). Significant other covariates wearing face mask previous month 2.62; 1.59–4.31), being 1–2 m away people 1.58; 1.11–2.24), trust government 1.44; 1.03–2.02). Additionally, women more likely compared men 1.43; 1.02–2.01).ConclusionsApproximately one quarter do not intend be vaccinated. Models can explain acceptance, aid Ministry Public planning future efforts increase uptake. Healthcare professionals' advice, village volunteers' information, partnership collaborations are critical. Facilitating mobile community units, launching educational campaigns, maintaining distance others, masks may acceptability. research help prepare for pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Enablers and barriers to vaccine uptake and handwashing practices to prevent and control COVID-19 in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 27, 2024

The global emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed unprecedented challenges, jeopardizing decades progress in healthcare systems, education, and poverty eradication. While proven interventions such as handwashing mass vaccination offer effective means curbing COVID-19 spread, their uptake remains low, potentially undermining future pandemic control efforts. This systematic review synthesized available evidence the factors influencing vaccine practices Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania context prevention control. We conducted an extensive literature search across PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Out 391 reviewed articles, 18 were eligible inclusion. Some common barriers to included lack trust government’s recommendations or messaging on benefits hand hygiene access water, while some safety efficacy concerns inadequate awareness sites types. Enablers encompassed programs soap water those improved knowledge and, socio-economic like a higher level education. underscores pivotal role addressing these capitalizing enablers promote practices. Stakeholders should employ campaigns community engagement, ensure resources’ accessibility, leverage incentives Clinical trial registration : [ https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ], identifier [CRD42023396303].

Язык: Английский

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To what extent do community members participate in planning, implementing health programs within their communities and what are the benefits of their participation in Nigeria?

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(7), С. 2518 - 2527

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Background: Community participation in health programs helps drive collaborations between the formal structures and informal system actors promoting at community level. This paper provides new information on extent of planning implementation community-based Nigeria as a trajectory for strengthening system. Methods: was qualitative study. Data collected from three located different geographic zones Nigeria. Two local governments (rural urban) with evidence were purposively selected each state. through in-depth interviews focus group discussions. The data transcribed, coded manually analysed thematically. Results: Several identified community. It found that while leaders are hardly involved conceptualizing programs, however, they participate program by mobilizing resources encouraging members to take advantage available activities. Our findings also showed increased benefits involvement workers Conclusions: part (CHS) activities has led better well-improved services, willingness access immunization services. Communities readily contribute activities, but should be initiation ownership full participation. would improve outcomes

Язык: Английский

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Accessibility of Ontario pharmacies offering COVID-19 vaccination by rurality, community material deprivation, and ethnic concentration : A repeated cross-sectional geospatial analysis

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Background Community pharmacies are largely recognized as geographically accessible; yet concerns arise regarding inequitable access to COVID-19 vaccination, especially during early vaccine availability. Objectives This study aims investigate the accessibility of vaccination from Ontario's community April December 2021 considering community-level rurality, material deprivation, and ethnic concentration. Methods Data Ontario Ministry Health website were analyzed. Pharmacy addresses geocoded using Environics Analytics Business Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF+). Material deprivation concentration at Dissemination Area (DA) level based on Public marginalization data organized into quintiles. Mean was calculated for each quintile 2-Step Floating Catchment method service areas 1000, 1500, or 3000 metres urban DAs 10000 m rural DAs. Analysis Variance (ANOVA) used compare mean across eight selected dates reflecting eligibility availability changes. Results Of 15,174 identified, 92.9% successfully linked geographic coordinates. Three eras identified: (1) Intermediate; (2) Scarcity (May 2021); (3) Abundance (November 2021). During shortages, more deprived ethnically concentrated had greater than less areas, while no access. other periods, either showed higher significant difference compared areas; however, generally lower areas. Conclusions scarcity abundance, similar enhanced However, experienced accessibility. Access can be in by incentivization outreach. Further research examining whether this variance influenced uptake infection rates.

Язык: Английский

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