The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 400(10363), С. 1619 - 1654

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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New urban models for more sustainable, liveable and healthier cities post covid19; reducing air pollution, noise and heat island effects and increasing green space and physical activity

Environment International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 157, С. 106850 - 106850

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2021

Cities are centres of innovation and wealth creation, but also hotspots air pollution noise, heat island effects lack green space, which all detrimental to human health. They COVID19. COVID19 has led a rethink urban public space. Therefore, is it time re-think our models reduce the health burden? We provide narrative meta-review around number cutting edge visionary that may affect have been reported over past few years. New concepts such as Superblocks, low traffic neighbourhood, 15 Minute city, Car free city or mixture these go some way in reducing burden related current transport practices. will increase space physical activity levels. What still lacking though thorough evaluation effectiveness acceptability schemes impacts on not only health, liveability sustainability, although they expected be positive. Finally, pandemic accelerate developments stimulus funding like EU Next Generation should used make changes.

Язык: Английский

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Green space and loneliness: A systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 847, С. 157521 - 157521

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2022

Persistent loneliness troubles people across the life span, with prevalence as high 61 % in some groups. Urban greening may help to reduce population health impacts of and its concomitants, such hopelessness despair. However, literature lacks both a critical appraisal extant evidence conceptual model explain how green space would work structural intervention. Both are needed guide decision making further research. We conducted systematic review quantitative studies testing associations between loneliness, searching seven databases. Twenty two were identified by 25/01/2022. Most high-income countries fifteen (68 %) had cross-sectional designs. Green was measured inconsistently using either objective or subjective indicators. Few examined specific types qualities. The majority general (e.g. UCLA scale). Different (social, emotional, existential) not analysed. Of 132 associations, 88 (66.6 indicated potential protection from against 44 (33.3 reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). integrated these findings qualitative elaborate extend existing pathway domain linking health. These elaborations extensions acknowledge following: (a) different have implications for loneliness; (b) multilevel circumstances influence likelihood person will benefit suffer harm space; (c) personal, relational, collective processes operate within domains pathways concomitants; (d) concomitants explicitly positioned mediators broader causal system that links wellbeing. This provide guidance epidemiological research on loneliness.

Язык: Английский

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Time for ‘Green’ during COVID-19? Inequities in Green and Blue Space Access, Visitation and Felt Benefits

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(5), С. 2757 - 2757

Опубликована: Март 9, 2021

We hypothesized that visits to green and blue spaces may have enabled respite, connection exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, but such benefits might been inequitably distributed due differences in financial difficulties, opportunities work from home, localized restrictions spatial mobility generated by ‘lockdowns’. A nationally representative online telephone survey conducted 12–26 October on Social Research Centre’s Life AustraliaTM panel (aged ≥ 18 y, 78.8% response, N = 3043) asked about access, visitation, felt and/or spaces. Increasing difficulty was associated with less time fewer spaces, as well different types visited. Financial also feelings space had benefit for maintaining social connection. Working home more frequent longer visitation discovery of ones previously unvisited. increased levels respite resulting Residents Melbourne, a city 4.9 million who were ‘lockdown’ at survey, appeared likely than residents Sydney, Australia’s largest 5.2 million, not lockdown. Melbourne compared Sydney reported consistently of, greater various derived including connection, exercise. Comparatively shorter distances preferred closure alternative settings completion provide partial explanation, though acute responses experiencing within highly cognitively demanding antecedent conditions posed lockdown are plausible warrant further investigation other health indicators. These results robust adjustment range covariates preferences natural settings, which benefits. Collectively, these indicate parallel efforts generate (or renew) increase working opportunities, mitigate difficulties be important help maximize population urban planning strategies intended improve availability reduce inequities access to, Benefits commonly people living through underlines role previous investments played enabling coping pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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The evaluation of the 3-30-300 green space rule and mental health

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 215, С. 114387 - 114387

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2022

Urban green space has many health benefits, but it is still unclear how much actually needed for better health. Recently a new 3-30-300 rule of thumb urban forestry and greening been proposed, this not evaluated benefits on The requires that every citizen should be able to see at least three trees from their home, have 30 percent tree canopy cover in neighbourhood live more than 300 m away the nearest park or space. aim study was evaluate relationship between its components relation mental We conducted cross-sectional based population-based sample 3145 individuals aged 15–97 years Barcelona, Spain who participated Barcelona Health Survey (2016–2017). created indicators using questionnaire data, GIS, remote sensing land maps. Mental status assessed with 12-item General Questionnaire (GHQ-12) also use tranquilizer/sedatives antidepressants psychiatrist psychologist visits. Analyses were mixed effects logistic regression models districts as random effect, adjusted relevant covariates. found people had relatively little exposure space, whether through window view, living an area sufficient greenness, access major only 4.7% met surrogate rule. Residential surrounding view significantly associated health, less medication use, fewer Meeting full visits, latter combined association statistically significant (Odds ratio = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.91). Few achieved we used measure. observed when met.

Язык: Английский

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Nature-based biopsychosocial resilience: An integrative theoretical framework for research on nature and health

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 181, С. 108234 - 108234

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Nature-based solutions including urban forests and wetlands can help communities cope better with climate change other environmental stressors by enhancing social-ecological resilience. Natural ecosystems, settings, elements affordances also individuals become more personally resilient to a variety of stressors, although the mechanisms underpinning individual-level nature-based resilience, their relations are not well articulated. We propose 'nature-based biopsychosocial resilience theory' (NBRT) address these gaps. Our framework begins suggesting that refer both: a) person's set adaptive resources; b) processes which resources deployed. Drawing on existing nature-health perspectives, we argue nature contact support build maintain biological, psychological, social (i.e. biopsychosocial) resilience-related resources. Together can: i) reduce risk various (preventive resilience); ii) enhance reactions stressful circumstances (response resilience), and/or iii) facilitate rapid complete recovery from stress (recovery resilience). Reference three supports integration across familiar pathways involving harm reduction, capacity building, restoration. Evidence in theory, potential interventions promote issues require further consideration discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Restoration in Nature: Beyond the Conventional Narrative

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/˜The œNebraska symposium on motivation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. 89 - 151

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract The restoration perspective on human adaptation offers a broad view of relations between environment and health; however, it remains underutilized as source insight for nature-and-health studies. In this chapter, I start from the in showing ways to extend theory research concerned with benefits nature experience. first set out basic premises consider how has come have particular relevance understanding salutary values now commonly assigned then discuss currently conventional theoretical narrative about restorative effects experience organize some its components general framework environments theory. Extending framework, put forward two additional theories. These call attention resources held within closer relationships collectively by members population. closing, work further develop nature, restoration, health. extensions made here raise important considerations preservation efforts, urban planning, health promotion strategies, thinking human–nature relations.

Язык: Английский

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Tourism and Mental Health: Foundations, Frameworks, and Futures

Journal of Travel Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 62(1), С. 3 - 20

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

Tourism contributes to mental health. We could: recognize, measure, value, and market those contributions; analyze components design products maximize health benefits; use benefits in tourism industry marketing lobbying. If we measure health-research standards, then could also gain commercial opportunities within the sector. Currently, there are widely differing bodies of evidence different subsectors, reflecting historical research emphases. Music, museums, shopping malls have been identified as therapeutic for some. Nature therapies tested extensively, with a higher standard evidence. Adventure has analyzed principally from phenomenological perspective, indicating powerful psychological effects. Many require continuing behavioral change. contribute these therapies, since it includes detailed data on effects program guiding, individual personalities, interests, capabilities, motivations, experiences, emotions, satisfaction.

Язык: Английский

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The Weight of Place: Built Environment Correlates of Obesity and Diabetes

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(6), С. 966 - 983

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes has risen substantially in North America worldwide. To address these dual epidemics, researchers policymakers alike have been searching for effective means to promote healthy lifestyles at a population level. As consequence, there proliferation research examining how "built" environment which we live influences physical activity levels, by promoting active forms transportation, such as walking cycling, over passive ones, car use. Shifting transportation choices local residents may mean that more members can participate during their daily routine without structured exercise programs. Increasingly, this line considered downstream metabolic consequences live, raising possibility "healthier" community designs could help mitigate rise prevalence. This review discusses evidence relationship between built environment, activity, obesity-related diseases. We also consider other environmental factors interact with influence health, highlighting challenges understanding causal relationships area research.

Язык: Английский

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Mental health clinicians’ perceptions of nature-based interventions within community mental health services: evidence from Australia

BMC Health Services Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Abstract Background Mental health conditions are one of the largest burdens disease in Australia and globally. There is a need to seek innovative alternative interventions that can prevent alleviate mental symptoms. Nature-based (NBIs), namely programs activities where individuals engage with natural environments aim improving their wellbeing (e.g., nature walking groups), may be such an alternative. This study aimed explore perceptions clinicians on potential benefits of, barriers to, implementing NBIs within community setting. Methods used qualitative, exploratory research design. Fifteen were recruited from Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Australia, interviewed (September–October 2021) about settings. The semi-structured interviews analysed using inductive thematic approach managed NVivo. Results viewed spending time as relaxing, refreshing, therapeutic. Many described it part lifestyle encouraged consumers nature-based own time. If introduced services, expressed willingness promote them consumers. Clinicians listed many for including improved mood, calmness relaxation, sense empowerment, social connections. Despite these benefits, concerned variety consumers’ symptoms anxiety or lack motivation, scepticism, geographic accessibility, well organisational policies around safety risk. Conclusion Responding individual factors could hinder implementation while building existing evidence positive impact and, demonstrated this study, clinicians’ interest supportiveness NBIs, services should consider routine practice.

Язык: Английский

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