Independently evolved pollution resistance in four killifish populations is largely explained by few variants of large effect

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The genetic architecture of phenotypic traits can affect the mode and tempo trait evolution. Human‐altered environments impose strong natural selection, where successful evolutionary adaptation requires swift large shifts. In these scenarios, theory predicts that is due to a few adaptive variants effect, but empirical studies have revealed rapidly evolved phenotypes are rare, especially for populations inhabiting polluted environments. Fundulus killifish repeatedly resistance extreme pollution in urban estuaries. Prior studies, including genome scans signatures some genes pathways important resistance, provide context genotype–phenotype association reported here. We created multiple quantitative locus (QTL) mapping families using progenitors from four different resistant populations, RAD‐seq genetically mapped variation sensitivity (developmental perturbations) following embryonic exposure model toxicant PCB‐126. found one two large‐effect QTL loci accounted PCB‐mediated developmental toxicity. QTLs harbored candidate govern regulation aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. One was shared across all another three populations. showed recent selection corresponding wild population did not. Some PCB inferred were identified as QTL, key conclude defects normally caused by PCB‐126 governed effect. However, other aspects beyond may be additional loci, such comprehensive PCB‐126, mixtures chemicals distinguish estuaries more broadly, complex.

Язык: Английский

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Thermal regime drives a latitudinal gradient in morphology and life history in a livebearing fish

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 125(1), С. 126 - 141

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2018

Within-species diversity is often driven by changing selective regimes along environmental gradients. Here, we provide a direct test of the factors underlying phenotypic across wide native distribution eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We investigated life-history and body-shape divergence (including multiple measures body size) more than 14 degrees latitude in North America, used Akaike's information criterion-based model selection to determine relative contributions thermal regime, population densities habitat productivity as potential drivers latitudinal variation. found regime be most important driver large-scale patterns: populations colder climates with greater seasonality range temperature exhibited larger size, reproductive investment coupled smaller offspring shallower bodies head anterodorsally positioned pectoral fins. Nonetheless, density also influenced trait divergence, but independent patterns, some variation shape was due apparent covariation life histories. Our study confirms an differentiation even ectotherms, uncovers additional that diversity, emphasizing importance multivariate approach employed here.

Язык: Английский

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Predicting the strength of urban-rural clines in a Mendelian polymorphism along a latitudinal gradient

Evolution Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(3), С. 212 - 225

Опубликована: Март 25, 2020

Cities are emerging as models for addressing the fundamental question of whether populations evolve in parallel to similar environments. Here, we examine environmental factors that drive evolution urban-rural clines a Mendelian trait-the cyanogenic antiherbivore defense white clover (Trifolium repens). Previous work suggested gradients frost and snow depth could reduced hydrogen cyanide (HCN) frequencies urban populations. sampled over 700 rural across 16 cities along latitudinal transect eastern North America. In each population, quantified changes frequency genotypes produce HCN, subset estimated alleles at two genes (CYP79D15 Li) epistatically interact HCN. We then tested hypothesis cold climatic conditions necessary cyanogenesis by comparing strength among located gradient winter temperature exposure. Overall, half exhibited whereby evolved lower HCN frequencies. Clines did not with lowest temperatures greatest snowfall, supporting buffers plants against constrains formation clines. By contrast, strongest occurred warmest where rare, suggesting alternative selective agents maintaining warmer cities. Some were driven only CYP79D15, consistent stronger more selection on this locus than Li. Together, our results demonstrate environments often select phenotypes, but different targets underlie evolutionary response

Язык: Английский

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Detecting (non)parallel evolution in multidimensional spaces: angles, correlations and eigenanalysis

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Parallelism between evolutionary trajectories in a trait space is often seen as evidence for repeatability of phenotypic evolution, and angles play pivotal role the analysis parallelism. However, properties multidimensional spaces have not been widely appreciated by biologists. To remedy this situation, study provides brief overview on geometric statistical aspects spaces. Under null hypothesis that trajectory vectors no preferred directions (i.e. uniform distribution hypersphere), angle two independent concentrated around right angle, with more pronounced peak higher-dimensional space. This probability closely related to

Язык: Английский

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Urban Environments as a Framework to Study Parallel Evolution

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. 36 - 53

Опубликована: Май 5, 2020

Abstract Urban environments represent globally replicated, large-scale disturbances to the landscape, providing an ideal opportunity study parallel evolution in natural populations on a large scale. In recent years, there has been rapid increase number of studies investigating evolutionary responses diverse range taxa across multiple cities. Although independent urban will depend extent which converge similar biotic and abiotic environments, cities are environmentally not yet fully integrated into evolution. This chapter begins by asking: Do species display environments? It then briefly reviews subset environmental factors that have driven (heat islands, pollution, habitat fragmentation) discusses some potential causes non-parallelism. Finally, it ends with practical considerations for design future aiming examine urbanization. Understanding shared unique features identifying ongoing development provide important insight ubiquity nature.

Язык: Английский

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Natural and anthropogenic sources of habitat variation influence exploration behaviour, stress response, and brain morphology in a coastal fish

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 90(10), С. 2446 - 2461

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2021

Evolutionary ecology aims to better understand how ecologically important traits respond environmental heterogeneity. Environments vary both naturally and as a result of human activities, investigations that simultaneously consider natural human-induced variation affect diverse trait types grow increasingly activities drive species endangerment. Here, we examined habitat fragmentation structural complexity disparate in Bahamas mosquitofish Gambusia hubbsi inhabiting tidal creeks. We tested priori predictions for these factors might influence exploratory behaviour, stress reactivity brain anatomy. approximately 350 adult from seven tidal-creek populations across Andros Island, The varied human-caused (three fragmented four unfragmented) (e.g. fivefold rock habitat). Populations had experienced severe fragmentation, thus restriction exchange the ocean, exhibited greater exploration novel environment, stronger physiological responses mildly stressful event smaller telencephala (relative body size). These changes matched adaptive based mostly on (a) reduced chronic predation risk (b) decreased demands navigating tidally dynamic habitats. sites with showed higher propensity relatively larger optic tectum cerebellum. patterns related increased complex environments. Our findings demonstrate variation, including recent anthropogenic impacts (<50 years), can significantly complex, traits. Yet trait-specific may not be easily predicted, found strong support only six 12 predictions. results further highlight utility quantifying multiple factors-for example failed account complexity, would have detected effects behaviours. responses, their ecological consequences, complex: rapid phenotypic facilitate persistence human-altered environments, but come at cost population vulnerability if restoration was occur without consideration altered

Язык: Английский

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Genome‐resolved metagenomics revealed novel microbial taxa with ancient metabolism from macroscopic microbial mat structures inhabiting anoxic deep reefs of a Maldivian Blue Hole

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5)

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

Blue holes are vertical water-filled openings in carbonate rock that exhibit complex morphology, ecology, and water chemistry. In this study, macroscopic microbial mat structures found complete anoxic conditions the Faanu Mudugau Hole (Maldives) were studied by metagenomic methods. Such communities have likely been evolutionary isolated from surrounding marine environment for more than 10,000 years since formation during last Ice Age. A total of 48 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered, predominantly composed phyla Chloroflexota, Proteobacteria Desulfobacterota. None these MAGs classified to species level (<95% ANI), suggesting discovery several new taxa. particular, belonging novel bacterial genera within order Dehalococcoidales accounted 20% community. Genome-resolved metabolic analysis dominant fraction revealed a mixotrophic lifestyle based on energy conservation via fermentation, hydrogen metabolism anaerobic CO

Язык: Английский

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Inland blue holes of The Bahamas – chemistry and biology in a unique aquatic environment

Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 194(2), С. 95 - 106

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2020

While lake systems in temperate regions have been extensively studied, tropical and subtropical received less attention.Here, we describe the water chemistry biota of ten inland blue holes on Andros Island, The Bahamas, representative morphological, abiotic, biotic variation among Androsian holes.The majority studied were vertically stratified with oxic freshwater overlying anoxic saline groundwater marine origin.Water (e.g. total phosphorus nitrogen) shallow waters was similar holes, while turbidity color varied.Presence hydrogen sulfide reduced iron below halocline indicate reducing conditions all above also a few taxa dominating phytoplankton community, zooplankton community consisting copepods rotifers.The Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) present investigated often accompanied by other small planktivorous fish, piscivorous bigmouth sleeper (Gobiomorus dormitor) only some holes.Our field study reinforces that are highly interesting for biogeochemical research, provide naturally replicated evolutionary studies.

Язык: Английский

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Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of Biology

BioScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 71(4), С. 370 - 382

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2021

A key question in biology is the predictability of evolutionary process. If we can correctly predict outcome evolution, may be better equipped to anticipate and manage species' adaptation climate change, habitat loss, invasive species, or emerging infectious diseases, as well improve our basic understanding history life on Earth. In present article, ask questions when, why, if future evolution predictable. We first define predictable then discuss two conflicting views: that inherently unpredictable given ability collect right data. identify factors generate unpredictability, data might required make predictions at some level precision a specific timescale, intellectual translational value when prediction not possible.

Язык: Английский

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Phenotypic differentiation in a heterogeneous environment: morphological and life‐history responses to ecological gradients in a livebearing fish

Journal of Zoology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 310(1), С. 10 - 23

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2019

Abstract Predicting how environmental variation drives phenotypic diversification is one of the main aims evolutionary ecology. Yet, we still only have a limited understanding it diversity, especially when multiple factors interact. To address this issue, superfetating livebearing fish Phalloptychus januarius (Poeciliidae) was repeatedly sampled (over 2‐year period) in four coastal lagoons Brazil to investigate relative contribution different on patterns. We further compare our results those reported for another poeciliid ( Poecilia vivipara ), which inhabits some same but has drastically reproductive strategy (no superfetation). used model‐averaging approach estimate importance differences predation pressure, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH , temperature and food availability driving body shape, life histories, life‐history proxies. found consistent population several traits, also seasonal within each lagoon. Specifically, predation, oxygen affected traits played important roles between amongst populations. Moreover, study reveals differential responses gradients P. (this study) (previous studies), suggest that future work should single versus concomitant selective forces, affects species.

Язык: Английский

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