Temporal distribution of schedule‐induced behavior depends on the essential value of the reinforcer

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

The development of schedule-induced drinking depends on different variables affecting the food delivered at end interfood interval. There are mixed results concerning effects varying magnitude and/or preference reinforcers in drinking, with some studies showing higher levels and other lower drinking. purpose this study was to observe how differences for a flavor equally nutritious pellets influence maintenance Using operant demand framework, four flavors were compared form two groups: one which subjects would receive their most preferred another least flavor. In general, licking rates magazine-entering when regardless fixed-time schedule used. It is suggested that value reinforcer has larger immediately preceding behaviors, will determine distribution competing responses interreinforcement intervals. These relevant developing public policies manipulate taste healthy increase its consumption.

Язык: Английский

---

Prevalence of processed foods in major US grocery stores

Nature Food, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Can (dynamic) social norms encourage plant-based food purchases? a quasi-experimental study in real-world Dutch supermarkets

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Communicating (dynamic) social norms is considered a promising tool to stimulate healthy and sustainable food choices. The aim of the present study was evaluate what extent norm intervention in real-world supermarkets could increase sales (grams per week) meat alternatives (i.e. substitutes legumes). A quasi-experimental study, including three control supermarkets, conducted during 12-week period. communicated dynamic textually on stickers banners at different in-store locations (e.g. entrance, aisles). Moreover, prominence (optically) increased legumes were conveniently placed near section. Weekly data over period 75 weeks obtained, 62 pre-intervention 13 intervention. Comparative interrupted time series analyses analyse changes alternative (in grams) compared trends supermarkets. Secondary outcomes included grams week ratio protein content sales. Average weekly before M = 371,931.2 (SD 113,055.3) 299,012.5 91,722.8) did not change pre-implementation (B − 685.92, 95% CI [− 9904.8; 8525.7]). Sales meats also unaffected 130.91, 27,127.50; 26,858.33]), as well sold 670.54, 8990.6; 7644.4]). via textual environmental cues increasing supermarkets) nor reduce With playing an important role modulating choices, more substantial effort or are needed plant-based purchases lower purchases.

Язык: Английский

---

Using VR Supermarket for Nutritional Research and Education: A Scoping Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(6), С. 999 - 999

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

According to “The World Health Organization”, obesity during childhood is directly associated with multiple complications and an increased risk of the installation various pathologies. Considering increase in this pathology among children teenagers, new instruments prevention are needed. Virtual reality innovative tool that offers several advantages over classical therapies, becoming important medical fields, starting from phobia treatment, pain relief, body image perception education. This technology has been successfully used study influence virtual cues on behavioral responses can be useful nutritional education as well understanding eating behavior. The objective scoping review understand impact supermarket exposure individuals’ food choices explore potential nutrition general population. It seeks purchasing based product appearance placement, prices, nudging conditions under-pressure decision making. A manual literature search was conducted using databases Web Science, SCOPUS Google Scholar. Included articles were published between 2012 2024 immersive augmented environments a results showed higher immersion efficient choices, rather than lower tool. advantage highlighted by sense presence it offers, compared other devices, providing safe, controlled environment for users.

Язык: Английский

---

Removing seasonal confectionery from prominent store locations and purchasing behaviour within a major UK supermarket: Evaluation of a nonrandomised controlled intervention study

PLoS Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(3), С. e1003951 - e1003951

Опубликована: Март 24, 2022

The proportion of energy from free sugars and saturated fat currently exceeds the UK-recommended intake across all age groups. Recognising limits reformulation programmes, government in England has announced their intention to introduce legislation restrict promotion foods high sugars, salt, fats prominent store locations. Here, we evaluated a grocery intervention remove seasonal confectionery locations within major UK supermarket.A nonrandomised controlled study with interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used. Data were analysed 34 stores located 2 London boroughs 151 matched control elsewhere owned by same retailer. Stores based on size overall sales during previous year. Between 15 February 2019 3 April (before Easter), removed free-standing promotional display units areas, although these products available for purchase store. Store-level weekly (units, weight (g), value (£)) chocolate used primary analyses, data 1 January 2018 24 November 2019. Secondary outcomes included total energy, fat, in-store purchases. Multivariable hierarchical models investigate pre/post differences versus stores. ITS analyses evaluate level trends after implementation. Over preintervention baseline period (15 2018), there no significant weight, value) between After implementation, an attenuation increase (units) compared (+5% +18%; P < 0.001), similar effects (g) (+12% +31%; 0.001) (£) (-3% +10%; 0.001). generally showed statistically at point (P ranges 0.010 0.067) but also trend afterwards 0.024 0.053), indicating that initial difference reduced over time. There change sold, adjusted food drink (kcal/g, = 0.002), (fat/g) 0.023), changes or models. evidence main results varied deprivation index. limitations this include lack randomisation, residual confounding unmeasured variables, absolute stores, independent measures fidelity.Removal associated purchases products, sufficient magnitude observe reduction content These "real-world" provide promising proposed promotions less healthy items may help reduce overconsumption.https://osf.io/br96f/.

Язык: Английский

---

Association of the retail food environment, BMI, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic position in urban areas of Mexico

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(2), С. e0001069 - e0001069

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

The retail food environment is a key modifiable driver of choice and the risk non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess relationship between density retailers, body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns, socioeconomic position in Mexico. Cross-sectional data, BMI characteristics adult participants came from nationally representative 2012 National Health Nutrition Survey Geographical outlet data were obtained official statistics. Densities outlets per census tract area (CTA) calculated. Dietary patterns determined using exploratory factor analysis principal component analysis. association variables, position, BMI, was assessed two-level multilevel linear regression models. Three identified-the healthy, unhealthy carbohydrates-and-drinks pattern. Lower availability fruit vegetable stores associated with an unhealthier pattern whilst higher restaurant A graded inverse observed for store (SEP)-lower-income populations had reduced stores, compared higher-income populations. convenience when adjusting patterns. Upper-income households more likely consume healthy middle-upper-income less exposed high densities stores. When concentration lower upper-lower-income Food sociodemographic conditions within neighbourhoods may affect behaviours. interventions policies which improve access foods restrict facilitate healthier diets contribute prevention NCDs.

Язык: Английский

---

The interplay between social and food environments on UK adolescents’ food choices: implications for policy

Health Promotion International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(4)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Factors from social and food environments can influence the choices of adolescents in ways not experienced during childhood. Evidence suggests these two adolescents' independently, but there is limited knowledge how interplay between diets. An enhanced understanding this surrounding adolescent choice could aid development more nuanced interventions policies. This qualitative study involved 13 online focus groups with (n = 45) aged 11-18 years, attending secondary school or college England, UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Social experiences which accompanied eating perceived as important than itself, fast-food outlets described uniquely suited to facilitating interactions. Young people wanted spend their money on foods they considered worthwhile, did always relate most affordable foods. Adolescents put little effort into making decisions appreciated factors that helped them make quick such prominent placement eye-catching promotions buy. Chain valued offered familiar frequently advertised foods, minimized needed for decisions. Adolescents' sense autonomy underpinned all themes. Participants having opportunities own want waste buying unappealing 'healthy' Interventions government policies should align values relating ensure are effective age group.

Язык: Английский

---

Improving Healthy Food Choices in Low-Income Settings in the United States Using Behavioral Economic-Based Adaptations to Choice Architecture

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021

Low diet quality is a significant public health problem in the United States, especially among low-income populations. The food environment influences dietary choices. When applied to eating behavior, behavioral economics (BE) recognizes that decision biases instigated by saturated with unhealthy foods may lead people purchase such foods, even when they possess necessary information and skills make healthy Choice architecture, BE concept involves modifying appeal or availability of choices "nudge" toward certain choice, retains freedom choice but makes options less convenient visible. architecture has been demonstrated influence various settings, including supermarkets, convenience stores, pantries. These modifications are low-cost feasible implement, making them viable strategy help patrons healthier establishments serving populations, pantries retailers accepting Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. This narrative review searched, appraised, underscored strengths limitations extant research studies used adaptations populations States. Findings from pantry settings suggest potential strategies improve healthfulness intake In retail suggests increase sales like fruits vegetables. We identify new areas needed determine if BE-based have sustained impacts on quality.

Язык: Английский

---

Shifting toward a healthier dietary pattern through nudging and pricing strategies: A secondary analysis of a randomized virtual supermarket experiment

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 114(2), С. 628 - 637

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2021

Nudging and salient pricing are promising strategies to promote healthy food purchases, but it is possible their effects differ across groups.To investigate in which groups nudging and/or most effectively changed product purchases resulted within-food substitutions or spillover effects.In total, 318 participants successfully completed a web-based virtual supermarket experiment the Netherlands. We conducted secondary analysis of mixed randomized consisting 5 conditions (within subject) 3 arms (between single combined (e.g., making products salient), taxes (25% price increase), subsidies decrease) (fruit vegetables, grains, dairy, protein products, fats, beverages, snacks, other foods). Generalized linear models were used estimate incidence rate ratios 95% CIs for changes number purchased.Compared with control condition, combination on unhealthy salience condition was overall effective, as from fruit vegetables increased by 9% [incidence ratio (IRR) = 1.09; CI: 1.02, 1.18], grains 16% (IRR 1.16; 1.05, 1.28), dairy 58% 1.58; 1.31, 1.89), whereas beverage did not significantly change. Regarding decreased 39% 0.72; 0.63, 0.82) 30% 0.77; 0.68, 0.87), snack The showed group substitution patterns toward healthier products. Beneficial minimally targeted seen proteins 0.81; 0.73, 0.91).Nudging have differential effect variety groups. largest found may therefore be target order achieve purchases. trial current analyses based registered Dutch registry (NTR7293; www.trialregister.nl).

Язык: Английский

---

Public support for healthy supermarket initiatives focused on product placement: a multi-country cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 International Food Policy Study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2021

Abstract Background Food retail environments have an influential role in shaping purchasing behavior and could contribute to improving dietary patterns at a population level. However, little is known about the level of public support for different types initiatives encourage healthy food choices supermarkets, whether this varies across countries or context. The current study aimed explore three potential supermarket focused on product placement five countries, factors that may influence support. Methods A total 22,264 adults from Australia, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom States (US) provided information related (targeting positioning: ‘checkouts with only products’, ‘fewer end-of-aisle displays containing unhealthy foods soft drinks’ availability: ‘more shelf space fresh healthier foods’) as part online 2018 International Policy Study. proportion respondents supported each initiative was assessed multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted evaluate sociodemographic Results received highest foods’: 72.0% [95% CI 71.3–72.7], whereas products’ lowest support: 48.6% 47.8–49.4]. differed between ( p < 0.001 all initiatives), US generally showing Mexico highest. Noteworthy, overall sample, there not much opposition any (2.5–14.2%), large neutral responses (25.5–37.2%). Respondents who older, female, highly educated, those reported having more nutrition knowledge tended be supportive, several differences initiatives. Conclusions Most people showed high supermarkets choices. Support varied by type (i.e., positioning availability) influenced country context characteristics. This evidence prompt guide retailers policy makers take stronger action promote stores.

Язык: Английский

---