Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives

Molecular Plant, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(5), С. 699 - 724

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Leucine rich repeat-malectin receptor kinases IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 and IGP4 are required for arabidopsis immune responses triggered by β-1,4-D-Xylo-oligosaccharides from plant cell walls

The Cell Surface, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11, С. 100124 - 100124

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in plants is activated upon recognition by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) of Damage- and Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs MAMPs) from or microorganisms, respectively. An increasing number identified DAMPs/MAMPs are carbohydrates plant cell walls microbial extracellular layers, which perceived PRRs, such as LysM Leucine Rich Repeat-Malectin (LRR-MAL) receptor kinases (RKs). LysM-RKs (e.g. CERK1, LYK4 LYK5) needed for fungal MAMP chitohexaose (β-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6, CHI6), whereas IGP1/CORK1, IGP3 IGP4 LRR-MAL RKs required perception β-glucans, like cellotriose (β-1,4-D-(Glc)3, CEL3) mixed-linked glucans. We have explored the diversity Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings determining PTI responses treatment with different oligosaccharides polysaccharides. These analyses revealed that xylans [β-1,4-D-(xylose)4 (XYL4)], glucuronoxylans α-1,4-glucans, polysaccharides seaweeds activate PTI. Cross-elicitation experiments XYL4 other glycans showed mechanism DAMP 33-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX) shares some features CEL3 but differs CHI6. Notably, XA3XX impaired igp1/cork1, igp3 igp4 mutants, almost not affected cerk1 lyk4 lyk5 triple mutant. conserved species since pre-treatment triggers enhanced disease resistance tomato to Pseudomonas syringae pv DC3000 wheat. results expand triggering immunity support relevance activation. The characterization immune mechanisms involved carbohydrate-based structures recognized further understand modulation. show here DAMPs β-1,4-D-(xylose)4 (XYL4) (XA3XX), expanding function these glycan

Язык: Английский

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How Many Glucan Chains Form Plant Cellulose Microfibrils? A Mini Review

Biomacromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(10), С. 6357 - 6366

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Assessing the number of glucan chains in cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) is crucial for understanding their structure-property relationships and interactions within plant cell walls. This Review examines conclusions limitations major experimental techniques that have provided insights into this question. Small-angle X-ray neutron scattering data predominantly support an 18-chain model, although analysis complicated by factors such as fibril coalescence matrix polysaccharide associations. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows estimation CMF width from ratio interior to surface glucose residues. However, there uncertainty assignment NMR spectral peaks or chains. Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy images show synthase complexes be "rosettes" six lobes each consistent with a trimer enzymes, synthesis 18 parallel CMF. Nevertheless, CMFs remains conclusively demonstrated.

Язык: Английский

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Cell wall composition in relation to photosynthesis across land plants' phylogeny: crops as outliers

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

The role of cell wall composition in photosynthesis has only recently been proposed. Apparently contradictory results have reported, but previous studies were often limited to single or closely related species. aim the present letter is combine published and novel data on limitations, including for all major land plant's phylogenetic groups (Supporting Information Methods S1; Dataset S1), provide evidence importance determining mesophyll conductance CO2 diffusion (gm) across plants' phylogeny. We address hypothesis that pectin fraction total compounds positively gm and, consequently, photosynthesis, when pooling species from entire leaf economics spectrum (LES) represents a complex framework interconnected traits carbon fixation nutrient use plant lineages (Wright et al., 2004), with net CO₂ assimilation (AN) mass per area (LMA) as key (Onoda 2017). Generally, LMA varies among negatively correlates physiological such at scale Similarly, lower linked enhanced This parameter, encompassing pathway substomatal cavities Rubisco carboxylation sites chloroplasts stroma, recognized trait regulating (Flexas 2012, 2018). However, mechanistic regulation not fully understood (Evans 2009; Flexas 2018; Mizokami 2022). Although temperature unrelated wall, porosity tortuosity are theoretically influenced by composition, even Tcw itself could be indirectly it. Recently, compositional shown involved (Ellsworth Clemente-Moreno 2019; Carriquí 2020; Roig-Oliver 2020a,c, 2021a,b,c; Salesse-Smith 2024). In al. (2021), we proposed several mechanisms through which might influence gm, can summarized follows. physical walls likely significant barrier diffusion, given molecules much smaller than typical pore sizes (Carpita 1979), pectins exhibit hydrocolloid properties allow them absorb retain large amounts water. Since diffuses aqueous solutions, presence hydrophilic regions within pores significantly affect its rate. specific plants possess characteristics (Sarkar Sørensen & Willats, 2010; Popper 2011), three-dimensional mainly composed cellulose microfibrils crosslinked noncellulosic polysaccharides (hemicelluloses), embedded matrix (Somerville 2004; Cosgrove, 2005; Anderson Kieber, 2020). network believed structure potentially porosity, thickness elasticity (Cosgrove, Ochoa-Villareal 2012; Schiraldi Weraduwage 2016; Novakovic 2021b, 2022; 2021). For instance, remarkable correlation was found between AN and/or bulk modulus (ε) together different growth forms along vascular (Nadal fact, recent provided empirical relationships variations concentration adjustments ε itself. these performed either testing one few (Teng 2006; 2021a,c) varieties 2021d, 2022) angiosperms responding environmental stresses having genetic modifications, being comparisons nonstressed same group (Carriquí 2021b). These suggested proportion components (i.e. hemicelluloses ratio) crucial regulators other traits, variable manner 2020a, To our knowledge, no study addressed implication influencing both lineages. Thus, aims (1) perform meta-analysis using literature newly measured photosynthetic anatomical spanning mosses considered; (2) explore how anatomy Tcw, traits. Our main particularly, over two (cellulose + hemicellulose)—as proxy (and, perhaps, tortuosity)—contributes Despite modest number considered dataset, it still covers 70% more ranges (excluding first last decile) each 75% cases (Fig. S1). comprehensive coverage ensures findings representative robust. exploration variation structural well those reveals insights (Figs 1, S2). Contrary common assumptions, suggest there dependence scales 1a,b, Instead, patterns show similarities lineages, already highlighted Gago (2019) Huang (2022) 1c,d). observation underscores notion limitations imposed dominant throughout phylogeny (Gago 2019). It described included here support this view except finding emphasizes complexity adaptations, revealing factors do necessarily correlate mass. inverse strong observed compared indicate linked, included. Moreover, analysis shows differences contents hemicellulose ratio: intra-group appear pronounced inter-group 1e–h). applies alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) S3). Interestingly, independently content, further reinforces findings. analogous well-documented relationship plants. While thoroughly substantiated basis 2017; Wuyun 2024), distinct pattern expectations based Fig. 2 important insights, particularly distinguishing crop noncrop As approach, applied linear (lm) nonlineal least square (nls) models assess correlations, choosing pair parameters function lowest Akaike Criterion (AIC). account potential phylogenetical relationships, explored alternative options. One option applying robust regressions group, following Knauer robustbase R package (Maechler due low-sample method did improve obtained standard lm nls models. Indeed, specifically recommend measurements ≥ 12, making approach impractical dataset. Another consider (lme) nonlinear (nlme) mixed-effects models, incorporating random factor. case, pairwise correlations lm/nls lme/nlme ANOVA discern model better. Additionally, evaluated goodness-of-fit metrics most suitable statistical (Table better nlme – they used 2(a) while lme 2b,c), indicating effect relationships. plots best performance model, correlations. (Evans, 2021; 2021), effective path length an exponential decay g m = × e − b T cw $$ \left({g}_{\mathrm{m}}=a\times {e}^{-b\times {T}_{\mathrm{cw}}}\right) , determined selecting AIC 2a). positive emerges pectin-to-(cellulose hemicelluloses) (P/(C H)), thus confirming 2b). When analyzing together, had marginal r {r}_{\mathrm{m}}^2 0.06, conditional c {r}_{\mathrm{c}}^2 0.60, influence. Importantly, strength increased crops excluded ( 0.18, 0.51), improved also removed 0.44, 0.59). highlight functional group-specific effects relationship. Notably, stronger ratio P/(C H) 2c), combined porosity/tortuosity H). supports gm. species, 0.22, 0.55, reflecting moderate explanatory power notable effects. Again, 2c especially dataset 0.59, 0.77) 0.61, 0.81). relation plays easily diffuse mesophyll, because affects Conversely, inclusion introduces dynamic. Please notice excluding persistent irrespective considering effects, whenever explained Crops selectively bred efficiency agronomically valuable Flexas, 2019), consequence derived wild naturally high-photosynthetic capacities (Gomez-Fernandez They very thin walls, weakened optimized rapid high yield rather natural selection pressures (Xiong, 2023). Consequently, 2(b), achieve despite showing ratio. does mean crops. achieved genetically manipulating (Salesse-Smith subjecting stress conditions (Roig-Oliver 2021a, implies lesser may compensating facilitating diffusion. Currently, know what compensatory be. certain aquaporins play seen broad bean, rice tobacco (Terashima Ono, 2002; Hanba 2006). Let's hypothesize acquired relatively idea aligns Arabidopsis (Kromdijk If indeed plasma membrane (Uehlein 2008)—could enhance disentangling impediment vs scenario Tcw. well-substantiated behave differently. highly speculative, highlights critical need research area. impact necessity focusing understand fundamental connections From Eqn 1 should depend ΔLcw pcw/τcw mixed variable, approached 1/Tcw parameter becomes notably significant, 0.77, 0.81. explains relevant AN, wild, nondomesticated comprehend dependency, essential various aspects gas exchange. actual limitation small 1979; times their volume solution, determine under methyl-esterification states interact chemical compounds, altogether affecting 'effective' rigid fixed structures, instead dynamic structures continuously respond stimuli regulated (Forand Delmer Beyond rough approximations, far complex. 2, display unique pattern: H), maintain similarly low values. higher tend compensate ratio, offset reduced mechanism adaptations mosses, suggesting warrants investigation. By connections, direct efforts thick contrasting conditions. report general doing so, identify clear biochemical traced back genes component thus, capacity. opens new avenues improving terrestrial suggests current uncoupled raising questions about work supported projects PGC2018-093824-B-C41, PID2022-138424NB-I00 PID2022-139455NB-C31 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU, Spain), Ciencia (MICI, Spain) ERDF (FEDER). MR-O predoctoral fellowship (FPU16/01544) Economía Competitividad (MINECO, Spain). MC Vicenç Mut 2022 postdoctoral (PD-047-2022) funded Conselleria Fons Europeus, Universitat i Cultura Govern les Illes Balears. MJC RYC2020-029602-I MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 'ESF Investing your future'. grateful Drs. Cyril Douthe Miquel Nadal help during gas-exchange measurements, Dr Mateu Fullana-Pericàs staff Serveis Cientificotècnics Balears maintenance gas-exchange/fluorescence equipment, María Teresa Mínguez (Universitat València Secció Microscòpia Electrònica, SCSIE) Ferran Hierro Cientificotècnics) technical microscopic analysis. Finally, wish thank Mr. Truyols collaborators UIB Experimental Field Glasshouses, Grant 15/2015. None declared. MC, JF designed research. presented study. wrote manuscript, contributions MJC-M. All authors revised approved manuscript. available Supporting (Dataset S1 Data Heatmap percentage range group. S2 Spearman matrices selected variables S3 Dot boxplots dry mass-based groups. Table Goodness-of-fit 2. note: Wiley responsible content functionality any supplied authors. Any queries (other missing material) directed New Phytologist Central Office. publisher supporting information content) corresponding author article. Foundation remains neutral regard jurisdictional claims maps institutional affiliations.

Язык: Английский

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Multiprotein Complexes of Plant Glycosyltransferases Involved in Their Function and Trafficking

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 350 - 350

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Plant cells utilize protein oligomerization for their functions in numerous important cellular processes. Protein-protein interactions are necessary to stabilize, optimize, and activate enzymes, as well localize proteins specific organelles membranes. Glycosyltransferases—enzymes that attach sugars polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, RNA—across multiple plant biosynthetic processes have been demonstrated interact with one another. The mechanisms behind these still unknown, but recent research has highlighted extensive examples of protein-protein interactions, specifically the cell wall hemicellulose pectin biosynthesis takes place Golgi apparatus. In this review, we will discuss what is known so far about among Golgi-localized glycosyltransferases functioning, trafficking, structural aspects.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of pectin structural diversity on gut microbiota: A mechanistic exploration through in vitro fermentation

Carbohydrate Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 355, С. 123367 - 123367

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Challenges to Increasing Dietary Fiber in White Flour and Bread

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 72(24), С. 13513 - 13522

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

Increasing the intake of dietary fiber from staple foods is a key strategy to improve health consumers. White bread an attractive vehicle deliver increased as it widely consumed and available all socio-economic groups. However, only accounts for about 4% dry weight white flour compared 10-15% in whole grain flour. We therefore discuss challenges barriers developing exploiting new types wheat with high content These include defining quantifying individual components understanding how they are affected by genetic environmental factors. Rapid throughput assays suitable determining during plant breeding grain-utilizing industries urgently required, while impact amount composition on processing quality needs be understood. Overcoming these should have significant effects human health.

Язык: Английский

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Plant cell walls: source of carbohydrate-based signals in plant-pathogen interactions

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 82, С. 102630 - 102630

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Identifying the role of cellulase gene CsCEL20 upon the infection of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in citrus

Molecular Breeding, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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SCPL48 regulates the vessel cell programmed cell death during xylem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 295, С. 139495 - 139495

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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