Accuracy and social motivations shape judgements of (mis)information

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(6), С. 892 - 903

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

The extent to which belief in (mis)information reflects lack of knowledge versus a motivation be accurate is unclear. Here, across four experiments (n = 3,364), we motivated US participants by providing financial incentives for correct responses about the veracity true and false political news headlines. Financial improved accuracy reduced partisan bias judgements headlines 30%, primarily increasing perceived from opposing party (d 0.47). Incentivizing people identify that would liked their allies, however, decreased accuracy. Replicating prior work, conservatives were less at discerning than liberals, yet closed gap between liberals 52%. A non-financial intervention was also effective, suggesting motivation-based interventions are scalable. Altogether, these results suggest substantial portion people's motivational factors.

Язык: Английский

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Behavioural interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation on social media

BMJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. e076542 - e076542

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

### Key messages Vaccine misinformation on social media has strong effects behaviour, and the evidence base for interventions to reduce these is limited, but better approaches generation are possible, say Kai Ruggeri colleagues Effective population level vaccination campaigns fundamental public health.123 Counter campaigns, which as old first vaccines,4 disrupt uptake can threaten health globally.4 In 2019, researchers linked increases in measles cases with proliferation of global anti-vaccine campaigns.5 Some originated offline were later amplified expedited through media, resulting real world harms.6 Though crises genuine safety concerns also lower vaccine uptake,78 return after aggressive prompted World Health Organisation list hesitancy among greatest threats (box 1).14 Box 1 Here, we use term “vaccine hesitancy” originally defined by WHO9: a “delay acceptance or refusal despite availability services.” This definition, plus expanded description variation based time, place, population, gives broad understanding allows us distinguish behaviour from underpinning psychological, environmental, structural aspects influencing behaviour. definition most commonly used literature pre-dating covid-19. there debates about appropriate … RETURN TO TEXT

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying the impact of misinformation and vaccine-skeptical content on Facebook

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6699)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Low uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in US has been widely attributed to social media misinformation. To evaluate this claim, we introduce a framework combining lab experiments (total N = 18,725), crowdsourcing, and machine learning estimate causal effect 13,206 vaccine-related URLs on vaccination intentions Facebook users ( ≈ 233 million). We that impact unflagged content nonetheless encouraged skepticism was 46-fold greater than misinformation flagged by fact-checkers. Although reduced predicted significantly more when viewed, users’ exposure limited. In contrast, stories highlighting rare deaths after were among Facebook’s most-viewed stories. Our work emphasizes need scrutinize factually accurate but potentially misleading addition outright falsehoods.

Язык: Английский

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One Year of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Twitter: Longitudinal Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25, С. e42227 - e42227

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Background Vaccinations play a critical role in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 and other diseases. Past research has linked misinformation to increased hesitancy lower vaccination rates. Gaps remain our knowledge about main drivers vaccine on social media effective ways intervene. Objective Our longitudinal study had two primary objectives: (1) investigate patterns prevalence contagion Twitter 2021, (2) identify spreaders misinformation. Given initial results, we further considered likely its spread, providing insights for potential interventions. Methods We collected almost 300 million English-language tweets related vaccines using list over 80 relevant keywords period 12 months. then extracted labeled news articles at source level based third-party lists low-credibility mainstream sources, measured different kinds information. also suspicious YouTube videos shared Twitter. focused analysis verified automated accounts. Results findings showed relatively low information compared entirety news. However, most popular sources reshare volumes comparable those many larger than authoritative such as US Centers Disease Control Prevention World Health Organization. Throughout year, observed an increasing trend vaccines. considerable amount Tweets by small group approximately 800 “superspreaders” accounted 35% all reshares average day, with top superspreader (@RobertKennedyJr) responsible 13% retweets. Finally, were more be Conclusions The wide spread around during 2021 shows that there was audience this type content. are consistent hypothesis superspreaders driven financial incentives allow them profit from health Despite high-profile cases deplatformed superspreaders, results show few individuals still played outsized As result, moderation efforts would better served focusing reducing online visibility repeat harmful content, especially public crises.

Язык: Английский

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Recent trends in vaccine coverage and confidence: A cause for concern

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(2)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Declining trends in vaccine confidence come at a time when routine immunization coverage for children has slumped to decades-long low. With some of the largest losses experienced among young adults, this is concerning trend with potential long-term implications. This article reflects on recent research examining levels and over across globe, drivers influencing confidence, role COVID-19 pandemic shaping today. Timely examination causes consequences waning critical evaluation response measures will prove vital mitigating additional uptake while contributing building resilience face future health crises.

Язык: Английский

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People Think That Social Media Platforms Do (but Should Not) Amplify Divisive Content

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(5), С. 781 - 795

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2023

Recent studies have documented the type of content that is most likely to spread widely, or go “viral,” on social media, yet little known about people’s perceptions what goes viral should viral. This critical understand because there widespread debate how improve regulate media algorithms. We recruited a sample participants nationally representative U.S. population (according age, gender, and race/ethnicity) surveyed them their virality ( n = 511). In line with prior research, people believe divisive content, moral outrage, negative high-arousal misinformation are all online. However, they reported this not media. Instead, many forms positive content—such as accurate nuanced educational content—are even though think These were shared among only weakly related political orientation, usage, demographic variables. sum, broad consensus around platforms amplify, which can help inform solutions for improving

Язык: Английский

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Social Media and Morality

Annual Review of Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 75(1), С. 311 - 340

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Nearly five billion people around the world now use social media, and this number continues to grow. One of primary goals media platforms is capture monetize human attention. means by which individuals groups can attention drive engagement on these sharing morally emotionally evocative content. We review a growing body research interrelationship morality as well its consequences for society. Moral content often goes viral makes moral behavior (such punishment) less costly. Thus, acts an accelerant existing dynamics, amplifying outrage, status seeking, intergroup conflict while also potentially more constructive facets morality, such support, prosociality, collective action. discuss trends, heated debates, future directions in emerging literature.

Язык: Английский

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Updating the identity-based model of belief: From false belief to the spread of misinformation

Current Opinion in Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56, С. 101787 - 101787

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Political polarization and health

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(11), С. 3085 - 3093

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024

In addition to social determinants of health, such as economic resources, education, access care and various environmental factors, there is growing evidence that political polarization poses a substantial risk individual collective well-being. Here we review the impact on public health. We describe different forms how they are connected health outcomes, highlighting COVID-19 pandemic case study risks polarization. then offer strategies for mitigating potential harms associated with polarization, an emphasis building trust. Finally, propose future research directions this topic, underscore need more work in global context encourage greater collaboration between scientists medical scientists. conclude serious—if largely overlooked—determinant whose impacts must be thoroughly understood mitigated. Political understudied determinant This Review describes types populations individuals, including mitigation priorities.

Язык: Английский

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Perceived experts are prevalent and influential within an antivaccine community on Twitter

PNAS Nexus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Perceived experts (i.e. medical professionals and biomedical scientists) are trusted sources of information who especially effective at encouraging vaccine uptake. The role perceived acting as potential antivaccine influencers has not been characterized systematically. We describe the prevalence importance by constructing a coengagement network 7,720 accounts based on Twitter data set containing over 4.2 million posts from April 2021. primarily broke into two large communities that differed in their stance toward COVID-19 vaccines, misinformation was predominantly shared community. had sizable presence across network, including within community where they were 9.8% individual, English-language users. low-quality (misinformation) similar rates academic higher compared to nonexperts occupied important positions central users bridges between provaccine communities. Using propensity score matching, we found expertise brought an influence boost, significantly more likely receive likes retweets both There no significant difference magnitude boost for Social media platforms, scientific communications, organizations may focus systemic interventions reduce impact spreading misinformation.

Язык: Английский

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