Phylodynamic
models
can
be
used
to
estimate
diversification
trajectories
from
time-calibrated
phylogenies.
Here
we
apply
two
such
phylogenies
of
non-avian
dinosaurs,
a
clade
whose
evolutionary
history
has
been
widely
debated.
Although
some
authors
have
suggested
that
the
experienced
decline
in
diversity,
potentially
starting
millions
years
before
end-Cretaceous
mass
extinction,
others
group
remained
highly
diverse
right
up
until
Cretaceous-Paleogene
(K-Pg)
boundary.
Our
results
show
model
assumptions,
likely
with
respect
incomplete
sampling,
large
impact
on
whether
dinosaurs
appear
long-term
or
not.
The
are
also
sensitive
topology
and
branch
lengths
phylogeny
used.
Developing
comprehensive
sampling
bias,
building
larger
more
accurate
phylogenies,
necessary
steps
for
us
determine
dinosaur
diversity
was
not
extinction.
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
53(1), С. 251 - 273
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022
Over
the
past
decade,
a
new
set
of
methods
for
estimating
dated
trees
has
emerged.
Originally
referred
to
as
fossilized
birth–death
(FBD)
process,
this
single
model
expanded
family
models
that
allows
researchers
coestimate
evolutionary
parameters
(e.g.,
diversification,
sampling)
and
patterns
alongside
divergence
times
variety
applications
from
paleobiology
real-time
epidemiology.
We
provide
an
overview
models.
explore
ways
in
which
these
correspond
quantitative
paleobiology,
FBD
process
provides
framework
through
neontological
paleontological
approaches
phylogenetics
macroevolution
can
be
unified.
also
challenges
associated
with
applying
models,
particularly
eye
toward
fossil
record.
conclude
review
by
discussing
several
exciting
avenues
inclusion
data
phylogenetic
analyses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(13)
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
With
~14,000
extant
species,
ants
are
ubiquitous
and
of
tremendous
ecological
importance.
They
have
undergone
remarkable
diversification
throughout
their
evolutionary
history.
However,
the
drivers
diversity
dynamics
not
well
quantified
or
understood.
Previous
phylogenetic
analyses
suggested
patterns
associated
with
Angiosperm
Terrestrial
Revolution
(ATR),
but
these
studies
overlooked
valuable
information
from
fossil
record.
To
address
this
gap,
we
conducted
a
comprehensive
analysis
using
large
dataset
that
includes
both
ant
record
(~24,000
individual
occurrences)
neontological
data
(~14,000
occurrences),
tested
four
hypotheses
proposed
for
diversification:
co-diversification,
competitive
extinction,
hyper-specialization,
buffered
extinction.
Taking
into
account
biases
in
record,
found
three
distinct
periods
(the
latest
Cretaceous,
Eocene,
Oligo-Miocene)
one
extinction
period
(Late
Cretaceous).
The
hypothesis
between
stem
crown
is
supported.
Instead,
support
hyper-specialization
hypotheses.
environmental
changes
ATR,
mediated
by
angiosperm
radiation,
likely
played
critical
role
buffering
against
favoring
providing
new
niches,
such
as
forest
litter
arboreal
nesting
sites,
additional
resources.
We
also
hypothesize
decline
during
Late
Cretaceous
was
due
to
hyper-specialized
morphology,
which
limited
ability
expand
dietary
niche
changing
environments.
This
study
highlights
importance
holistic
approach
when
studying
interplay
past
environments
trajectories
organisms.
Cambridge Prisms Extinction,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Phylodynamic
models
can
be
used
to
estimate
diversification
trajectories
from
time-calibrated
phylogenies.
Here
we
apply
two
such
phylogenies
of
non-avian
dinosaurs,
a
clade
whose
evolutionary
history
has
been
widely
debated.
Although
some
authors
have
suggested
that
the
experienced
decline
in
diversity,
potentially
starting
millions
years
before
end-Cretaceous
mass
extinction,
others
group
remained
highly
diverse
right
up
until
Cretaceous-Paleogene
(K-Pg)
boundary.
Our
results
show
model
assumptions,
likely
with
respect
incomplete
sampling,
large
impact
on
whether
dinosaurs
appear
long-term
or
not.
The
are
also
sensitive
topology
and
branch
lengths
phylogeny
used.
Developing
comprehensive
sampling
bias,
building
larger
more
accurate
phylogenies,
necessary
steps
for
us
determine
dinosaur
diversity
was
not
extinction.
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024
Resolving
the
evolutionary
relationships
of
early
diverging
('basal')
ornithischian
dinosaurs
is
a
challenging
topic
in
palaeontology,
with
multiple
competing
hypotheses
on
phylogenetic
heterodontosaurids,
'hypsilophodontids',
and
other
early-diverging
forms.
These
cannot
be
directly
compared
because
they
are
derived
from
differently
constructed
datasets
(i.e.
distinct
samples
taxa
characters).
This
study
aims
to
address
these
issues
by
revising
combining
into
single
analysis
order
create
most
comprehensive
dataset
for
investigation
ornithischians.
A
diphyletic
model
Dinosauria
supported,
silesaurs
nesting
as
members
Ornithischia.
Heterodontosauridae
resolved
clade
non-genasaurian
ornithischians,
rejecting
potential
relationship
Marginocephalia.
'Hypsilophodontid'
span
neornithischian
ornithopod
stem,
Thescelosauridae
sister
taxon
Cerapoda.
more
restricted
Ornithopoda
composed
five
main
clades:
Hypsilophodontidae,
Rhabdodontomorpha,
Elasmaria,
Dryosauridae
Ankylopollexia.
Hypsilophodontidae
valid
clade,
reduced
two
European
Barremian
taxa.
Rhabdodontomorpha
does
not
contain
Muttaburrasaurus
originally
proposed,
but
instead
expands
include
North
American
formed
Convolosaurus,
Iani
Tenontosaurus.
Elasmaria
contains
all
non-dryomorph
Gondwanan
ornithopods,
its
possessing
body
plans.
New
results
comparison
previous
studies
suggest
that
some
'true
dryosaurids'
various
euiguanodontians
may
closely
related
either
or
Results
group
'hypsilophodontids'
larger
clades,
significantly
reducing
number
extension
ghost
lineages
throughout
Neornithischia.
clades
also
show
degree
endemism,
different
present
at
continents
Late
Cretaceous.
new
unifying
works
will
provide
framework
future
origins
relations
attempting
find
stability
among
hypotheses.
The
drivers
of
Ediacaran-Cambrian
metazoan
radiations
remain
unclear,
as
does
the
fidelity
record.
We
use
a
global
age
framework
[580-510
million
years
(Ma)
ago]
to
estimate
changes
in
marine
sedimentary
rock
volume
and
area,
reconstructed
biodiversity
(mean
genus
richness),
sampling
intensity,
integrated
with
carbonate
carbon
isotopes
(δ
Cladistics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
40(3), С. 307 - 356
Опубликована: Май 21, 2024
Abstract
Gondwanan
dinosaur
faunae
during
the
20
Myr
preceding
Cretaceous–Palaeogene
(K/Pg)
extinction
included
several
lineages
that
were
absent
or
poorly
represented
in
Laurasian
landmasses.
Among
these,
South
American
fossil
record
contains
diverse
abelisaurids,
arguably
most
successful
groups
of
carnivorous
dinosaurs
from
Gondwana
Cretaceous,
reaching
their
highest
diversity
towards
end
this
period.
Here
we
describe
Koleken
inakayali
gen.
et
sp.
n.,
a
new
abelisaurid
La
Colonia
Formation
(Maastrichtian,
Upper
Cretaceous)
Patagonia.
is
known
skull
bones,
an
almost
complete
dorsal
series,
sacrum,
caudal
vertebrae,
pelvic
girdle
and
hind
limbs.
The
shows
unique
set
features
anatomical
differences
Carnotaurus
sastrei
(the
only
other
Formation).
retrieved
as
brachyrostran
abelisaurid,
clustered
with
abelisaurids
latest
Cretaceous
(Campanian–Maastrichtian),
such
Aucasaurus
,
Niebla
.
Leveraging
our
phylogeny
estimates,
explore
rates
morphological
evolution
across
ceratosaurian
lineages,
finding
them
to
be
particularly
high
for
elaphrosaurine
noasaurids
around
base
Abelisauridae,
before
Early
radiation
latter
clade.
Noasauridae
sister
clade
show
contrasting
patterns
evolution,
undergoing
early
phase
accelerated
axial
limb
skeleton
Jurassic,
exhibiting
sustained
cranial
Cretaceous.
These
results
provide
much
needed
context
evolutionary
dynamics
theropods,
contributing
broader
understanding
macroevolutionary
dinosaurs.
Communications Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Март 3, 2025
Untangling
the
patterns
and
drivers
behind
diversification
extinction
of
highly
diversified
lineages
remains
a
challenge
in
evolutionary
biology.
While
insect
has
been
widely
studied
through
"Big
Four"
orders
(Coleoptera,
Hymenoptera,
Lepidoptera
Diptera),
fifth
most
diverse
order,
Hemiptera,
often
overlooked.
Hemiptera
exhibit
rich
fossil
record
are
present-day
ecosystems,
with
many
closely
associated
to
their
host
plants,
making
them
crucial
group
for
studying
how
past
ecological
shifts-such
as
mass
extinctions
floral
turnovers-have
influenced
diversification.
This
study
leverages
birth-death
models
Bayesian
framework
estimate
diversity
dynamics.
Our
results
reveal
that
global
changes
flora
over
time
significantly
shaped
trajectories
Hemiptera.
Two
major
faunal
turnovers
particularly
diversification:
(i)
aftermath
Permo-Triassic
(ii)
Angiosperm
Terrestrial
Revolution.
analyses
suggest
clades
was
driven
by
floristic
shifts
combined
competitive
pressures
from
overlapping
niches.
Leveraging
extensive
allowed
us
refine
our
understanding
across
hemipteran
lineages.
