ABSTRACT
A
niche
in
the
context
of
microorganisms
defines
specific
ecological
role
or
habitat
inhabited
by
microbial
species
within
an
ecosystem.
For
human
commensal
Malassezia
,
skin
surface
is
considered
its
primary
niche,
where
it
adapts
to
environment
utilising
lipids
as
main
carbon
and
energy
source.
However
pathogenic
characteristics
include
production
allergens,
immune
modulation
excessive
lipid
utilisation,
which
result
several
diseases
such
pityriasis
versicolor,
seborrheic
dermatitis,
folliculitis
atopic
dermatitis.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
colonisation
internal
organs,
including
lungs,
gut,
genitourinary
tract,
eyes,
ears
breast
milk.
In
these
associated
with
linked
respiratory
conditions,
neurological
disorders,
gastrointestinal
genital
infections.
The
system
plays
a
critical
shaping
prevalence,
factors
like,
suppressive
drugs
underlying
health
conditions
influencing
susceptibility.
Accurate
diagnosis
‐related
disorders
challenging
due
unique
growth
requirements,
but
molecular
fingerprinting
assays
sequencing
methods,
particularly
ITS
sequencing,
offer
precise
identification.
Treatment
involves
antifungal
drugs,
corticosteroids
phytocompounds,
yet
recurrent
infections
highlight
need
for
more
targeted
therapeutic
strategies
addressing
's
characteristics.
Understanding
complex
interactions
between
host
organs
crucial
diagnosis,
treatment
prevention
exploring
potentially
beneficial
roles
disease.
This
review
highlights
current
findings
on
intricate
diverse
ecosystem
body,
underscoring
complexity
associations
emphasising
their
multifaceted
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024
Depression
is
considered
a
multifaceted
and
intricate
mental
disorder
of
growing
concern
due
to
its
significant
impact
on
global
health
issues.
The
human
gut
microbiota,
also
known
as
the
“second
brain,”
has
an
important
role
in
CNS
by
regulating
it
through
chemical,
immunological,
hormonal,
neurological
processes.
Various
studies
have
found
bidirectional
link
between
brain
gut,
emphasizing
onset
depression
therapies.
biological
molecular
processes
underlying
microbiota
are
required,
association
may
represent
novel
study.
However,
profound
insights
into
stratification
diversity
still
uncommon.
This
article
investigates
emerging
evidence
bacterial
relationship
brain’s
system
potential
pathogenicity
relevance.
interplay
immune
system,
nervous
neurotransmitter
synthesis,
neuroplasticity
transitions
widely
studied.
consequences
stress,
dietary
fibers,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
antibiotics
GB
axis
being
Multiple
revealed
this
led
development
effective
microbiota-based
drugs
for
both
prevention
treatment.
Therefore,
results
support
hypothesis
that
influences
provide
promising
area
research
improved
knowledge
etiology
disease
future
Liver International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
45(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025
ABSTRACT
Background
and
Aims
Steatotic
liver
disease
(SLD)
is
a
leading
cause
of
chronic
worldwide.
As
SLD
pathogenesis
has
been
linked
to
gut
microbiome
alterations,
we
aimed
identify
SLD‐associated
features
early
in
development
by
utilising
highly
characterised
cohort
community‐dwelling
younger
adults.
Methods
Results
At
age
27
years,
588
participants
the
Raine
Study
Generation
2
underwent
cross‐sectional
assessment.
Hepatic
steatosis
was
quantified
using
validated
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
volumetric
fat
fraction
(VLFF)
equation
(HepaFat).
Of
participants,
488
(83%)
were
classified
as
having
‘no
SLD’
(VLFF
≤
3.55%),
76
(12.9%)
with
‘mild–moderate’
(VLFF:
3.56%–13.4%)
24
(4.10%)
‘severe’
>
13.4%).
Stool
profiling
identified
an
association
between
severe
lower
microbiota
alpha
diversity
(observed
[
p
=
0.015],
Pielou
evenness
0.001]
Shannon
0.002])
compared
no
SLD.
Faecal
composition
differed
significantly
both
mild–moderate
(
0.004)
groups
0.001).
There
significant
difference
dispersion
groups.
Reduced
relative
abundance
short‐chain
fatty
acid
producing
bacteria,
higher
levels
proinflammatory
bacterial
taxa,
associated
q
<
0.05).
Conclusions
adults
reduced
intestinal
microbial
pattern
taxa
depletion
that
consistent
other
inflammatory
conditions.
Our
characterisation
characteristics
provides
potential
basis
for
risk
identification
reduction.
Trial
Registration
The
registered
Australian
New
Zealand
Clinical
Trials
Registry
(ACTRN12617001599369)
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Polysaccharides,
as
complex
carbohydrates,
play
a
pivotal
role
in
immune
modulation
and
interactions
with
the
gut
microbiota.
The
diverse
array
of
dietary
polysaccharides
influences
microbial
ecology,
impacting
responses,
metabolism,
overall
well-being.
Despite
their
recognized
benefits,
there
is
limited
understanding
precise
mechanisms
by
which
modulate
system
through
A
comprehensive
search
Web
Science,
PubMed,
Google
Scholar,
Embase
up
to
May
2024
was
conducted
identify
relevant
studies.
This
study
employs
systematic
approach
explore
interplay
between
microbiota,
focusing
on
cytokine-mediated
short-chain
fatty
acid
(SCFA)-mediated
pathways.
findings
underscore
significant
shaping
composition
function
thereby
influencing
regulation
metabolic
processes.
However,
further
research
necessary
elucidate
detailed
molecular
translate
these
into
clinical
applications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(7), С. 3148 - 3148
Опубликована: Март 28, 2025
Oxidative
stress
(OS)
and
gut
microbiota
are
crucial
factors
influencing
human
health,
each
playing
a
significant
role
in
the
development
progression
of
chronic
diseases.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
complex
interplay
between
these
two
factors,
focusing
on
how
an
imbalance
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
antioxidants
leads
to
OS,
disrupting
cellular
homeostasis
contributing
range
conditions,
including
metabolic
disorders,
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurological
cancer.
The
microbiota,
diverse
community
microorganisms
residing
gastrointestinal
tract,
is
essential
for
regulating
immune
responses,
pathways,
overall
health.
Dysbiosis,
composition,
closely
associated
with
inflammation,
dysfunction,
various
highlights
influences
influenced
by
complicating
pathophysiology
many
conditions.
Furthermore,
emerging
evidence
has
identified
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
as
critical
facilitators
crosstalk
OS
microbiota.
EVs
also
play
signaling
host
tissues,
modulating
processes.
function
holds
promise
targeted
therapies
aimed
at
restoring
microbial
balance
mitigating
OS.
Personalized
therapeutic
approaches,
probiotics,
antioxidants,
fecal
transplantation-based
strategies,
can
be
used
address
OS-related
diseases
improve
health
outcomes.
Nonetheless,
further
research
needed
study
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
interactions
potential
innovative
interventions
offer
novel
strategies
managing
enhancing
Metabolites,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1), С. 8 - 8
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Background:
Polysaccharides
produced
by
the
edible
fungus
Cordyceps
cicadae
can
regulate
blood
sugar
levels
and
may
represent
a
suitable
candidate
for
treatment
of
diabetes
its
complications.
However,
there
is
limited
information
available
about
mechanism
how
C.
polysaccharide
(CCP)
might
improve
diabetic
conditions.
Methods:
This
study
investigated
effects
on
intestinal
microbiota,
mucosal
barrier,
inflammation
in
mice
with
type
2
mellitus
(T2DM)
induced
streptozotocin,
potential
mechanisms.
Results:
Compared
DC
(diabetes
model
control
group),
CCPH
oral
significantly
increased
number
beneficial
bifidobacteria,
lactobacilli
(p
<
0.01),
restored
diversity
microorganisms
mice,
proportions
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
(34.36%/54.65%)
were
lower
than
those
(52.15%/32.09%).
Moreover,
reduced
content
endotoxin
(lipopolysaccharide,
LPS)
D-lactic
acid(D-LA)
0.05),
activities
antioxidant
enzymes
total
capacity
proinflammatory
cytokines
TNF-α,
IL-6,
IL-1β
42.05%,
51.28%,
52.79%,
respectively,
compared
DC.
The
TLR4/NF-κB
signaling
pathway,
as
therapeutic
target
diseases,
plays
role
regulating
inflammatory
response
protecting
barrier
function.
Molecular
studies
showed
that
down-regulated
expression
NF-κB,
TLR-4,
TNF-α
genes
18.66%,
21.58%,
34.87%,
while
up-regulating
ZO-1
occludin
32.70%
25.11%,
respectively.
regulates
short-chain
fatty
acid
levels,
increases
microbial
diversity,
ameliorates
mouse
colon
lesions
inhibiting
pathway.
Conclusions:
In
conclusion,
it
demonstrated
this
murine
model,
effectively
microbiota
imbalance,
protect
function,
reduce
vivo,
suggesting
natural
product
provide
strategy
T2D-induced
gut
dysbiosis
health.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
169, С. 115821 - 115821
Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2023
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
such
as
acetate,
propionate,
and
butyrate,
have
emerged
critical
mediators
in
the
communication
between
human
microbiota
its
host.
As
first
responder
to
inflammatory
site,
neutrophils
play
an
important
role
protecting
host
against
bacterial
infections.
Recent
investigations
revealed
that
SCFAs
generated
from
influence
various
neutrophil
activities,
including
activation,
migration,
generation
of
processes.
also
been
demonstrated
exhibit
potential
therapeutic
benefits
a
variety
disorders
related
dysfunction,
bowel
disease,
viral
infectious
disorders,
cancer.
This
study
aims
examine
molecular
processes
behind
complicated
link
neutrophils,
well
their
on
neutrophil-driven
disorders.
In
addition,
we
will
provide
in-depth
review
current
research
diagnostic
value
possible
biomarkers
for
neutrophil-related
diseases.