Ecological immunology

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. 109 - 142

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

Abstract Infections and parasite loads vary among hosts. Variation results from ecological, genetic, immunological factors. Immune defences provide benefits as well costs are, therefore, a compromise. Costs result trade-offs with other needs can be genetically encoded or plastic (i.e. change depending on circumstances). are physiological (e.g. energy consumption) based evolved genetic covariance. Self-damage (immunopathology) is further, important cost. Natural selection should optimize the of thus leads to various outcomes in terms specificity, response delay strength, formation memory. Moreover, hosts either resist an infection by eventual clearance, tolerate consequences parasitism.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary consequences of environmental effects on gamete performance

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 376(1826), С. 20200122 - 20200122

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2021

Variation in pre- and post-release gamete environments can influence evolutionary processes by altering fertilization outcomes offspring traits. It is now widely accepted that inherit epigenetic information from both their mothers fathers. Genetic alterations to eggs sperm-acquired may also persist post-fertilization with consequences for developmental success later-life fitness. In externally fertilizing species, gametes are directly exposed anthropogenically induced environmental impacts including pollution, ocean acidification climate change. When occurs within the female reproductive tract, although at least partially protected external variation, selective environment likely vary among females. scenarios, traits selection on be influenced conditions such as temperature pollution well intrinsic factors male fluids, which altered changes health physiology. Here, we highlight some of pathways through affect dynamics, interactions ultimately We hope drawing attention this important yet often overlooked source will inspire future research into implications anthropogenic interference use assisted technologies. This article part theme issue 'How does epigenetics course evolution?'

Язык: Английский

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Mathematical Models of Fertilization—An Eco-Evolutionary Perspective

The Quarterly Review of Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 94(2), С. 177 - 208

Опубликована: Май 20, 2019

Mathematical models of fertilization have been developed for many taxa, both external and internal fertilizers. They estimate the proportion or number fertilized gametes based on gamete concentrations parameters relating to biology model organism, as well serve multiple purposes: a predictive purpose, with applications in, example, artificial insemination; they clarify causal components success such concentration, size, collision rates swimming speed gametes, polyspermy block times; function in evolutionary ecology, which often require understanding fitness consequences resource allocation between other traits. We pay particular attention this last category, has received less than uses. Many assume simplest relationship numbers: all eggs are fertilized. In nature, however, it is not uncommon be sperm limited, must decrease density approaches zero. Fertilization functions become important range these two extremes. focus but aim that useful regardless topic taxon by reviewing different purposes common mathematical framework.

Язык: Английский

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Agency in Reproduction

Evolution & Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(6), С. 418 - 429

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

While niche construction theory and developmental approaches to evolution have brought the front active role of organisms as ecological agents, respectively, agents in reproduction has been widely neglected by organismal perspectives evolution. This paper addresses this problem proposing an agential view shows that such a perspective implications for explanation origin modes reproduction, evolvability reproductive modes, coevolution between social behavior. After introducing two prevalent views agency evolutionary biology, namely those selective agency, I contrast these applied animal reproduction. Taking eutherian pregnancy case study, wonder whether forged frame plasticity theories can account goal-directed activities involved processes. conclude is irreducible goals need be included into our definitions agency. then explore consequences endorsing approach showing how might illuminate understanding origination modes. Finally, analyze recent studies on viviparity behavior vertebrates suggest notion provide unforeseen links

Язык: Английский

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Can cryptic female choice prevent invasive hybridization in external fertilizing fish?

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(8), С. 1412 - 1421

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Polyandrous mating systems result in females with multiple males, generating opportunities for strong pre-mating and post-mating sexual selection. Polyandry also creates the potential unintended matings subsequent sperm competition hybridizing species. Cryptic female choice allows to bias paternity towards preferred males under may include conspecific preference when hybridization risk. The becomes particularly important context of invasive species that can novelly hybridize natives, by definition, have evolved allopatrically. We provide first examination a system three hybridize: North American native Atlantic salmon (

Язык: Английский

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