Little
is
known
about
the
behavioral
and
cognitive
traits
that
best
predict
invasion
success.
Evidence
mounting
performance
correlates
with
survival
fecundity,
two
pivotal
factors
for
successful
establishment
of
invasive
populations.
We
assessed
quantity
discrimination
ability
globally
red-eared
slider
(Trachemys
scripta
elegans).
further
compared
it
to
native
stripe-necked
turtle
(Mauremys
sinensis),
which
has
been
previously
evaluated
its
superior
ability.
Specifically,
our
experimental
designs
aimed
quantify
learning
as
numerosity
pairs
increased
in
difficulty
(termed
fixed
tests),
immediate
response
when
turtles
were
presented
varied
challenges
concurrently
same
tests
mixed
tests).
Our
findings
reaffirm
remarkable
freshwater
discern
numerical
differences
close
9
vs
10
(ratio
=
0.9),
was
comparable
turtle's
performance.
However,
exhibited
a
moderate
decrease
high
ratio
tests,
indicating
potentially
enhanced
capacity
adapt
novel
challenges.
design
repeatable
adaptable
range
turtles.
These
emphasize
potential
importance
research
underlying
mechanisms
species
invasions.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
373(1756), С. 20170284 - 20170284
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018
Individual
people
differ
in
their
ability
to
reason,
solve
problems,
think
abstractly,
plan
and
learn.
A
reliable
measure
of
this
general
ability,
also
known
as
intelligence,
can
be
derived
from
scores
across
a
diverse
set
cognitive
tasks.
There
is
great
interest
understanding
the
neural
underpinnings
individual
differences
because
it
single
best
predictor
long-term
life
success.
The
most
replicated
correlate
human
intelligence
date
total
brain
volume;
however,
coarse
morphometric
says
little
about
function.
Here,
we
ask
whether
measurements
activity
resting
(resting-state
fMRI)
might
carry
information
intelligence.
We
used
final
release
Young
Adult
Human
Connectome
Project
(
N
=
884
subjects
after
exclusions),
providing
full
hour
resting-state
fMRI
per
subject;
controlled
for
gender,
age
estimate
on
multiple
Using
cross-validated
predictive
framework,
predicted
20%
variance
sampled
population
connectivity
matrices.
Interestingly,
no
anatomical
structure
or
network
was
responsible
necessary
prediction,
which
instead
relied
redundant
distributed
brain.
This
article
part
theme
issue
‘Causes
consequences
abilities’.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
373(1756), С. 20170280 - 20170280
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018
Individuals
vary
in
their
cognitive
performance.
While
this
variation
forms
the
foundation
of
study
human
psychometrics,
its
broader
importance
is
only
recently
being
recognized.
Explicitly
acknowledging
individual
found
both
humans
and
non-human
animals
provides
a
novel
opportunity
to
understand
mechanisms,
development
evolution
cognition.
The
papers
special
issue
highlight
growing
emphasis
on
differences
from
fields
as
diverse
neurobiology,
experimental
psychology
evolutionary
biology.
Here,
we
synthesize
body
work.
We
consider
distinct
challenges
quantifying
cognition
provide
concrete
methodological
recommendations.
In
particular,
future
studies
would
benefit
using
multiple
task
variants
ensure
they
target
specific,
clearly
defined
traits
conducting
repeated
testing
assess
consistency.
then
how
neural,
genetic,
developmental
behavioural
factors
may
generate
Finally,
discuss
potential
fitness
consequences
place
these
into
an
framework
with
testable
hypotheses.
intend
for
stimulate
researchers
position
at
centre
sciences.This
article
part
theme
'Causes
abilities'.
EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(3), С. 264 - 280
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Since
its
development
about
40
years
ago
(1981–2021),
Morris
water
maze
has
turned
into
a
very
popular
tool
for
assessing
spatial
learning
and
memory.
Its
many
advantages
have
ensured
pertinence
to
date.
These
include
effectiveness
in
evaluating
hippocampal-dependent
memory,
exemption
from
motivational
differences
across
diverse
experimental
manipulations,
reliability
various
cross-species
studies,
adaptability
conditions
with
test
protocols.
Nonetheless,
throughout
establishment,
several
analysis
loopholes
galvanized
researchers
assess
ways
which
it
could
be
improved
adapted
fill
this
gap.
Therefore,
review,
we
briefly
summarize
these
developments
since
the
early
of
establishment
through
most
recent
advancements
computerized
analysis,
offering
more
comprehensive
paradigms.
In
addition,
discuss
different
versions
paradigms,
providing
suggestions
regard
best
paradigms
particular
conditions.
Hence,
proper
selection
protocols,
consideration
assay’s
limitations
should
carefully
considered.
Given
that
appropriate
measures
are
taken,
adaptations
made,
will
likely
remain
relevant
mechanisms
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
373(1756), С. 20170283 - 20170283
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018
Cognitive
abilities
cannot
be
measured
directly.
What
we
can
measure
is
individual
variation
in
task
performance.
In
this
paper,
first
make
the
case
for
why
should
interested
mapping
differences
performance
onto
particular
cognitive
abilities:
suggest
that
it
crucial
examining
causes
and
consequences
of
both
within
between
species.
As
a
study,
examine
whether
multiple
measures
inhibitory
control
non-human
animals
do
indeed
produce
correlated
performance;
however,
no
clear
pattern
emerges
would
support
notion
common
ability
underpinning
We
advocate
psychometric
approach
involving
three-step
programme
to
theoretical
empirical
progress:
first,
need
tasks
reveal
signature
limits
Second,
assess
reliability
Third,
multi-trait
multi-method
test
batteries
will
instrumental
validating
abilities.
Together,
these
steps
help
us
establish
what
varies
individuals
could
impact
their
fitness
ultimately
shape
course
evolution
animal
minds.
Finally,
propose
executive
functions,
including
working
memory,
attentional
shifting,
as
sensible
starting
point
endeavour.
This
article
part
theme
issue
‘Causes
abilities’.
Learning & Behavior,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
48(1), С. 173 - 187
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020
Abstract
This
paper
aimed
to
explore
and
clarify
the
concept
of
behavioral
flexibility.
A
selective
literature
review
explored
how
flexibility
has
been
used
in
ways
that
range
from
acknowledging
fact
animals’
behavior
is
not
always
bounded
by
instinctual
constraints,
describing
variation
between
species
their
capacity
for
innovative
foraging,
a
repeatedly
linked
having
brain
larger
than
would
be
predicted
body
size.
wide
usages
single
term
led
some
conceptual
confusion.
We
sought
find
more
precise
meaning
representing
it
within
simple
formal
model
problem
solving.
The
key
our
distinguish
an
animal’s
state
knowledge
about
world
its
observable
behavior,
using
construct
response
strength
represent
underlying
knowledge.
modelled
as
parameter
function
transforms
strengths
into
probabilities.
tested
this
simulations
based
on
recent
experimental
work
animal
Initial
results
showed
parametric
manipulation
can
mimic
effects
have
attributed
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
96(5), С. 2127 - 2145
Опубликована: Май 20, 2021
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
much
conceptual
thinking
in
trophic
ecology
has
been
guided
by
theories
of
nutrient
limitation
and
the
flow
elements,
such
as
carbon
nitrogen,
within
among
ecosystems.
More
recently,
ecologists
have
also
turned
their
attention
to
examining
value
specific
dietary
nutrients,
particular
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFA),
which
omega‐3
PUFA,
especially
eicosapentaenoic
acid
(EPA)
docosahexaenoic
(DHA)
play
a
central
role
essential
components
neuronal
cell
membranes
many
organisms.
This
review
focuses
on
new
neuro‐ecological
approach
stemming
from
biochemical
(mechanistic)
physiological
(functional)
DHA
membranes,
conjunction
with
G‐protein
coupled
receptors
(GPCRs).
We
link
co‐evolution
these
neurological
functions
metabolic
dependency
PUFA.
outline
ways
deficiencies
supply
may
affect,
cognition,
vision,
behaviour,
ultimately,
biological
fitness
consumers.
then
emerging
evidence
that
changes
access
PUFA
ultimately
profound
impacts
interactions
leading
potential
community
structure
ecosystem
functioning
that,
turn,
affect
across
ecosystems,
including
for
human
consumption.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
97(2), С. 708 - 731
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2021
Within
populations,
individuals
often
show
repeatable
variation
in
behaviour,
called
'animal
personality'.
In
the
last
few
decades,
numerous
empirical
studies
have
attempted
to
elucidate
mechanisms
maintaining
this
variation,
such
as
life-history
trade-offs.
Theory
predicts
that
among-individual
behavioural
traits
could
be
maintained
if
are
positively
associated
with
reproduction
simultaneously
decreased
survival,
different
levels
of
expression
lead
same
net
fitness
outcome.
However,
resource
acquisition
may
also
important
mediating
relationship
between
individual
behaviour
and
components
(survival
reproduction).
For
example,
certain
phenotypes
(e.g.
dominance
or
aggressiveness)
higher
acquisition,
those
both
relative
others
population.
When
differ
their
ability
acquire
resources,
trade-offs
only
expected
observed
at
within-individual
level
(i.e.
for
a
given
amount
resource,
an
increases
its
allocation
reproduction,
it
comes
cost
vice
versa),
while
among
increased
survival
reproduction.
We
performed
systematic
review
meta-analysis,
asking:
(i)
do
differences
reflect
and/or
allocation,
(ii)
is
affected
by
type
testing
environment?
Our
meta-analysis
consisted
759
estimates
from
193
studies.
revealed
positive
correlation
pairs
using
proxies.
That
is,
study,
behaviours
were
suggesting
largely
reflects
acquisition.
Furthermore,
we
found
proxies
phenotypic
level.
This
significant
because
demonstrated
these
correlations
primarily
correlations.
Thus,
even
when
accounting
did
not
find
evidence
Overall,
was
statistically
zero
among-individual,
phenotypic,
levels;
category
nor
condition.
highlights
more
driving
than
previously
thought,
including
suggest
come
about
via
heterogeneity
availability
age-related
effects,
age
leading
state-dependent
shifts
increase
emphasize
future
examining
populations
should
test
link
-
within
individuals.
Such
work
will
allow
field
animal
personality
develop
specific
predictions
regarding
effect
on
consequences
behaviour.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
96(2), С. 331 - 356
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020
ABSTRACT
Recently,
there
has
been
a
surge
in
cognition
research
using
non‐avian
reptile
systems.
As
diverse
group
of
animals,
reptiles
[turtles,
the
tuatara,
crocodylians,
and
squamates
(lizards,
snakes
amphisbaenids)]
are
good
model
systems
for
answering
questions
related
to
cognitive
ecology,
from
role
environment
on
brain,
behaviour
learning,
how
social
life‐history
factors
correlate
with
learning
ability.
Furthermore,
given
their
variable
structure
degree
sociality,
studies
have
shown
that
living
is
not
pre‐condition
learning.
Past
demonstrated
capable
more
than
just
instinctive
reactions
basic
cognition.
Despite
ability
provide
answers
fundamental
growing
literature,
no
recent
systematic
syntheses
this
group.
Here,
we
systematically,
comprehensively
review
We
identify
92
new
investigating
included
previous
reviews
topic
–
affording
unique
opportunity
in‐depth
synthesis
existing
work,
its
taxonomic
distribution,
types
domains
tested
methodologies
used.
Our
therefore
provides
major
update
our
current
state
knowledge
ties
collective
evidence
together
under
nine
umbrella
areas:
(
i
)
habituation
behaviour,
ii
animal
training
through
conditioning,
iii
avoiding
aversive
stimuli,
iv
spatial
memory,
v
during
foraging,
vi
quality
quantity
discrimination,
vii
responding
change,
viii
solving
novel
problems,
ix
Importantly,
gaps
propose
themes
which
offer
important
future
opportunities
including
might
influence
fitness
survival,
testing
ecologically
relevant
situations,
comparing
invasive
non‐invasive
populations
species,
To
move
field
forward,
it
will
be
immensely
build
upon
descriptive
approach
whether
species
can
learn
task
experimental
elucidating
causal
reasons
variation
within
among
species.
With
appropriate
methodology,
young
but
rapidly
should
advance
greatly
coming
years
providing
significant
addressing
general
ecology
beyond.
Royal Society Open Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2022
Measures
of
cognitive
performance,
derived
from
psychometric
tasks,
have
yielded
important
insights
into
the
factors
governing
variation.
However,
concerns
remain
over
robustness
these
measures,
which
may
be
susceptible
to
non-cognitive
such
as
motivation
and
persistence.
Efforts
quantify
short-term
repeatability
performance
gone
some
way
address
this,
but
crucially
long-term
has
been
largely
overlooked.
Quantifying
provides
opportunity
determine
stability
phenotypes
potential
for
selection
act
on
them.
To
this
end,
we
quantified
in
wild
Australian
magpies
a
three-year
period.
Cognitive
was
repeatable
two
out
four
tasks-associative
learning
reversal-learning
repeatable,
spatial
memory
inhibitory
control
although
trending
toward
significance,
not.
general
obtained
principal
components
analyses
carried
each
test
battery,
were
highly
repeatable.
Together,
findings
provide
evidence
that
at
least
are
stable,
turn
implications
our
understanding
evolution.
Animals
on
islands
typically
depart
from
their
mainland
relatives
in
assorted
aspects
of
biology.
Because
they
seem
to
occur
concert,
and
some
extent
evolve
convergently
disparate
taxa,
these
changes
are
referred
as
the
‘island
syndrome’.
While
morphological,
physiological
life-history
components
island
syndrome
have
received
considerable
attention,
much
less
is
known
about
how
insularity
affects
behaviour.
In
this
paper,
we
argue
why
personality
traits
cognitive
abilities
can
be
expected
form
part
syndrome.
We
provide
an
overview
studies
that
compared
between
populations,
or
among
islands.
Overall,
pickings
remarkably
slim.
There
evidence
animals
tend
bolder
than
mainland,
but
effects
other
go
either
way.
The
for
style
highly
circumstantial
very
mixed.
Finally,
consider
ecological
drivers
may
induce
such
changes,
mechanisms
through
which
might
occur.
conclude
our
knowledge
behavioural
responses
environments
remains
limited,
encourage
biologists
make
more
use
‘natural
laboratories
evolution’.