How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 376(1826), С. 20200111 - 20200111

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2021

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that can be transmitted through cell divisions but cannot explained by DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are central to regulation, phenotypic plasticity, development and preservation genome integrity. often held make a minor contribution evolutionary change because epigenetic states typically erased reset at every generation, therefore, not heritable. Nonetheless, there growing appreciation variation makes direct indirect contributions processes. First, some intergenerationally affect phenotype offspring. Moreover,

Язык: Английский

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Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(1), С. 635 - 670

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Язык: Английский

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A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum

Oikos, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2023(5)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

With the advent of Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level, and number species introductions is still increasing in ever‐changing world. Despite major advances invasion science, significant debate lack clarity remain surrounding determinants success introduced species, magnitude dimensions their impact, mechanisms sustaining successful invasions. Empirical studies show divergent impacts alien populations on ecosystems contrasting effects biotic abiotic factors dynamics populations, which hinders creation a unified theory Compounding these issues plethora hypotheses that aim to explain success, can be unclear contradictory. We propose synthesis categorizes along timeline invasion. sorted timeline, considered population, community ecosystem levels. This temporal sorting concepts shows each relevant at specific stage Although empirical findings may appear contradictory, when mapped onto they combined complementary way. An overall scheme proposed summarise theoretical subjected For any given case study, this framework provides guide through maze theories should help choose appropriate according

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 753 - 777

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result higher pollution. Understanding existing between native weed and invasive species is crucial for effective management normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising potential resistance to invasion can help identify suitable plants restoration operations. This review aims investigate adaptations exhibited by non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, potentially confer a competitive advantage relative or are analysed. Moreover, roles biotic interactions competition, mutualistic relationships, allelopathy shaping described. Emphasis given consideration key factor provides insights conservation efforts Additionally, this underscores need further research unravel underlying mechanisms devise targeted strategies. These strategies aim promote mitigate negative effects By delving deeper into these insights, we gain an understanding ecosystems develop valuable species, restore long‐term sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the crop epigenome: a comparison of DNA methylation profiling techniques

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 30, 2023

Epigenetic modifications play a vital role in the preservation of genome integrity and regulation gene expression. DNA methylation, one key mechanisms epigenetic control, impacts growth, development, stress response adaptability all organisms, including plants. The detection methylation marks is crucial for understanding underlying these processes developing strategies to improve productivity resistance crop There are different methods detecting plant such as bisulfite sequencing, methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism, genome-wide analysis, methylated immunoprecipitation reduced representation MS immuno-based techniques. These profiling approaches vary many aspects, input, resolution, genomic region coverage, bioinformatics analysis. Selecting an appropriate screening approach requires This review provides overview plants, along with comparisons efficacy techniques between model strengths limitations each methodological outlined, importance considering both technical biological factors highlighted. Additionally, modulating species presented. Overall, this will assist scientists making informed decisions when selecting method.

Язык: Английский

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A global synthesis of the patterns of genetic diversity in endangered and invasive plants

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 291, С. 110473 - 110473

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The epiallelic potential of transposable elements and its evolutionary significance in plants

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 376(1826), С. 20200123 - 20200123

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2021

DNA provides the fundamental framework for heritability, yet heritable trait variation need not be completely 'hard-wired' into sequence. In plants, epigenetic machinery that controls transposable element (TE) activity, and which includes methylation, underpins most known cases of inherited variants are independent sequence changes. Here, we review our current knowledge extent, mechanisms potential adaptive contribution epiallelic at TE-containing alleles in this group species. For purpose review, focus mainly on as it an easily quantifiable readout such variation. The picture emerges is complex. On one hand, pronounced differences methylation TE sequences can either occur spontaneously or induced experimentally en masse across genome through genetic means. Many these epivariants stably over multiple sexual generations, thus leading to transgenerational inheritance. Functional consequences significant, they typically limited magnitude although same found nature, factors involved their generation setting remain determined. other moderate reproducibly by environment, again usually with mild effects, tends lost generations. Based considerations, argue alleles, rather than variants, main targets natural selection. Thus, propose TE-associated epivariation, whether stable not, lies predominantly its capacity modulate mobilization response hence providing hard-wired opportunities flexible exploration phenotypic space. This article part theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence course evolution?'

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic variation in animal populations: Sources, extent, phenotypic implications, and ecological and evolutionary relevance

Journal of Biosciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Genomic Tools in Biological Invasions: Current State and Future Frontiers

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023

Human activities are accelerating rates of biological invasions and climate-driven range expansions globally, yet we understand little how genomic processes facilitate the invasion process. Although most literature has focused on underlying phenotypic correlates invasiveness, advances in technologies showing a strong link between variation success. Here, consider ability tools to (i) inform mechanistic understanding (ii) solve real-world issues predicting managing invasions. For both, examine current state field discuss genomics can be leveraged future. In addition, make recommendations pertinent broader research issues, such as data sovereignty, metadata standards, collaboration, science communication best practices that will require concerted efforts from global community.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic responses of trees to environmental stress in the context of climate change

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

ABSTRACT In long‐lived tree populations, when environmental change outpaces rates of evolutionary adaptation, plasticity in traits related to stress tolerance, dormancy, and dispersal may be vital for preventing extinction. While a population's genetic background partly determines its ability adapt changing environment, so too do the many types epigenetic modifications that occur within among which vary on timescales orders magnitude faster than emergence new beneficial alleles. Consequently, phenotypic driven by modification especially critical sessile, organisms such as trees must rely this keep pace with rapid anthropogenic change. studies have reported large effects DNA methylation, histone modification, non‐coding RNAs expression stress‐tolerance genes resulting responses, little is known about role these non‐model plants particularly trees. Here, we review findings plant epigenetics particular relevance or escape stressors associated climate Such include specific influences over drought, heat, salinity well dormancy traits. We also highlight promising concerning transgenerational inheritance an ‘stress memory’ plants. As information becoming increasingly easy obtain, close outlining ways ecologists can use better inform population management forecasting efforts. Understanding molecular mechanisms behind memory species offers path towards mechanistic understanding trees' responses

Язык: Английский

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