Threatening stimuli have differential effects on movement preparation and execution—A study on snake fear DOI Creative Commons
András N. Zsidó,

Orsolya Inhóf,

Botond László Kiss

и другие.

People and Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(3), С. 973 - 986

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

Abstract How people experience nature influences their attitudes and actions towards it. Having had a negative encounter with an animal may facilitate avoidance freezing responses which encourage feelings it the environment in is found. Animals associated fear, such as snakes, are often victims of hunting killing, possibly part due to overperception inherent danger. Past research has shown that fear affects approach–avoidance response at both preparatory executive stages movement. However, way one reacts different threats also depend on its proximity how fearful specific threat. We employed mouse‐tracking paradigm where participants ( N = 40) categorized pictures threatening non‐threatening animals (snakes butterflies respectively). The picture could appear middle, top or bottom screen. Participants initiated movement from centre screen category labels appeared therefore either move away (presented centrally bottom). were split into non‐fearful groups based self‐report snake fear. Non‐fearful generally slower when threat was present. But, group, we found longer initiation times for central shorter off‐centre (compared neutral targets). Fearful initiate moving threat, but faster start execution be lack active planning and/or imply presence passive temporary response. Strong emotions serve crucial factors phobias anti‐animal behaviours (i.e. purposeful decimation certain species). Understanding action dynamics approach–avoid help inform prevention treatment phobias, relatedly, promotion conservationist endeavours. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

The Neuropsychology of Anxiety DOI
Neil McNaughton,

Jeffrey A. Gray

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

73
Consciousness beyond the human case DOI Creative Commons
Joseph E. LeDoux, Jonathan Birch, Kristin Andrews

и другие.

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(16), С. R832 - R840

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

51
The nature and neurobiology of fear and anxiety: State of the science and opportunities for accelerating discovery DOI Creative Commons
Shannon E. Grogans, Eliza Bliss‐Moreau, Kristin A. Buss

и другие.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 151, С. 105237 - 105237

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

46
A Landscape of Consciousness: Toward a Taxonomy of Explanations and Implications DOI Creative Commons
Robert Lawrence Kuhn

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 28 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Diverse explanations or theories of consciousness are arrayed on a roughly physicalist-to-nonphysicalist landscape essences and mechanisms. Categories: Materialism Theories (philosophical, neurobiological, electromagnetic field, computational informational, homeostatic affective, embodied enactive, relational, representational, language, phylogenetic evolution); Non-Reductive Physicalism; Quantum Theories; Integrated Information Theory; Panpsychisms; Monisms; Dualisms; Idealisms; Anomalous Altered States Challenge Theories. There many subcategories, especially for Each explanation is self-described by its adherents, critique minimal only clarification, there no attempt to adjudicate among theories. The implications assessed with respect four questions: meaning/purpose/value (if any); AI consciousness; virtual immortality; survival beyond death. A Landscape Consciousness, I suggest, offers perspective.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

31
Neuroscience needs evolution DOI Creative Commons
Paul Cisek, Benjamin Y. Hayden

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 377(1844)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2021

The nervous system is a product of evolution. That is, it was constructed through long series modifications, within the strong constraints heredity, and continuously subjected to intense selection pressures. As result, organization functions brain are shaped by its history. We believe that this fact, underappreciated in contemporary systems neuroscience, offers an invaluable aid for helping us resolve brain's mysteries. Indeed, we think consideration evolutionary history ought take place alongside other intellectual tools used understand brain, such as behavioural experiments, studies anatomical structure functional characterization based on recordings neural activity. In introduction, argue importance evolution highlighting specific examples ways theory can enhance neuroscience. rest theme issue elaborates point, emphasizing conservative nature evolution, important consequences transitions occurred our history, which considerations shed light issues ranging from mechanisms fundamental principles organization. This article part ‘Systems neuroscience lens theory’.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

60
Cognition from the Body-Brain Partnership: Exaptation of Memory DOI Creative Commons
György Buzsáki, David Tingley

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(1), С. 191 - 210

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Examination of cognition has historically been approached from language and introspection. However, human language-dependent definitions ignore the evolutionary roots brain mechanisms constrain their study in experimental animals. We promote an alternative view, namely that cognition, including memory, can be explained by exaptation expansion circuits algorithms serving bodily functions. Regulation protection metabolic energetic processes require time-evolving computations enabling organism to prepare for altered future states. Exaptation such was likely exploited exploration organism's niche. illustrate gives rise a cognitive map, turn, environment-disengaged computation allows mental travel into past (memory) (planning). Such brain-body interactions not only occur during waking but also persist sleep. These steps are illustrated dual, endocrine-homeostatic contributions hippocampal system, particularly sharp-wave ripples.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

35
Deep history and beyond: a reply to commentators DOI Creative Commons
Joseph E. LeDoux

Philosophical Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(4), С. 756 - 766

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

The commentaries by Ren, de Carvalho, Gabriel, Reber and Baluška raise interesting timely questions about the views I expressed in Deep History of Ourselves. begin my response with an Overview perspective, how it has changed three years since publication. This is important some commentators' concerns may be assuaged these points. Other specific issues raised each commentator are addressed separately. greatly appreciate time effort they put into their comments on

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

30
The Human Affectome DOI Creative Commons
Daniela Schiller, Alessandra Nicoletta Cruz Yu, Nelly Alia‐Klein

и другие.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 158, С. 105450 - 105450

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023

Over the last decades, interdisciplinary field of affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human phenomena (what they are how work) which, shaped by academic motivations values, have determined constructs operationalizations. An assumption on purpose can be used as a teleological principle guide construction common set assumptions—a framework for research. In this capstone paper special issue "Towards an Integrated Understanding Human Affectome", we gather tiered synthesize that account collectively. teleologically-grounded offers principled agenda launchpad both organizing existing perspectives generating new ones. Ultimately, hope Affectome brings us step closer not only integrated understanding phenomena, but

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

30
The effect of emotional arousal on visual attentional performance: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
András N. Zsidó

Psychological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 88(1), С. 1 - 24

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Abstract Although the arousal elicited by emotional stimuli, similarly to valence, is an integrative part of emotion theories, previous studies and reviews mostly focused on valence a stimulus rarely investigated role arousal. Here, I systematically searched for articles that used visual attentional paradigms, manipulated auditory or visual, task-relevant task-irrelevant measured behavioral responses, ocular behavior, neural correlates. found arousing stimuli draw hold attention regardless modality. In contrast, impaired task performance. However, when content precedes it presented longer duration, increased Future directions how research could address remaining questions are discussed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

28
Threat, safety, safeness and social safeness 30 years on: Fundamental dimensions and distinctions for mental health and well‐being DOI Creative Commons
Paul Gilbert

British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(3), С. 453 - 471

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Abstract In 1993, the British Journal of Clinical Psychology published my paper titled ‘Defence and safety: Their function in social behaviour psychopathology’. The highlights that to understand people's sensitivity threat, we also need their ability identify what is safe. This offers an update on these concepts, highlighting distinctions were implicit but not clearly defined at time. Hence, seeks clarify between: (i) threat detection response, (ii) safety seeking, (iii) safeness (iv) non‐social functions forms. Threat response are prevent or minimize harm (e.g., run from a predator fire). Safety checking relates monitoring for absence avoidance while seeking links destination defensive running home). maintaining vigilance appearance potential harms doing things believed avoid harm. Threat‐defending regulated primarily through evolved processing systems monitor nature, presence, controllability and/or amygdala sympathetic nervous system). Safeness uses different via psychophysiological prefrontal cortex, parasympathetic system) presence internal external resources support threat‐coping, risk‐taking, resource exploration. Creating brain states recruit can impact how standard evidence‐based therapies exposure, distress tolerance reappraisal) experienced produce long‐term change.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

13