Twenty Years of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Measuring and Understanding Soil Respiration

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Soil respiration (Rs), the soil‐to‐atmosphere flux of CO 2 , is a dominant but uncertain part carbon cycle, even after decades study. This review focuses on progress in understanding Rs from laboratory incubations to global estimates. We survey key developments situ ecosystem‐scale observations and manipulations, synthesize meta‐analyses estimates, discuss most compelling challenges opportunities for future. Increasingly sophisticated lab experiments have yielded insights into interaction among heterotrophic respiration, substrate supply, enzymatic kinetics, extended incubation‐based analyses across space time. Observational manipulative field‐based used improved measurement approaches deepen our integrated effects environmental change disturbance Rs. Freely‐available observational databases enabled studies probing magnitude of, constraints on, flux. Key field include expanding measurements, experiments, under‐represented communities ecosystems; reconciling independent estimates fluxes trends; testing leveraging power machine learning process‐based models, both independently conjunction with each other; continuing field's tradition using novel explore diverse mechanisms ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Camera trapping expands the view into global biodiversity and its change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1881)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Growing threats to biodiversity demand timely, detailed information on species occurrence, diversity and abundance at large scales. Camera traps (CTs), combined with computer vision models, provide an efficient method survey of certain taxa high spatio-temporal resolution. We test the potential CTs close knowledge gaps by comparing CT records terrestrial mammals birds from recently released Wildlife Insights platform publicly available occurrences many observation types in Global Biodiversity Information Facility. In locations CTs, we found they sampled a greater number days (mean = 133 versus 57 days) documented additional increase 1% expected mammals). For data, provided novel documentation their ranges (93% 48% birds). Countries largest boost data coverage were historically underrepresented southern hemisphere. Although embargoes providers' willingness share cause lag availability. Our work shows that continued collection mobilization especially when sharing supports attribution privacy, has offer critical lens into biodiversity. This article is part theme issue 'Detecting attributing causes change: needs, solutions'.

Язык: Английский

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Technology advancement and international law in marine policy, challenges, solutions and future prospective

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

The use of technology and international law in marine policy is becoming increasingly vital as we seek to address the challenges facing our oceans. Technology has revolutionized ability monitor, understand, manage ecosystems, providing valuable tools for data collection, analysis, decision-making. International law, ocean governance ensuring environment represented by frameworks such United Nations Convention on Law Sea (UNCLOS), plays a crucial role governing establishing guidelines sustainable management resources. This paper explores intersection policy, highlighting transformative impact understanding oceans legal that shape approach conservation. It examines benefits enabling evidence-based decision-making fostering collaboration, while also addressing regulatory complexities arise. emphasizes need ongoing dialogue development adapt emerging technologies discourse ethical considerations, harnessing power can work towards effective policies ensure conservation future generations.

Язык: Английский

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Ocean governance in practice: A study of the application of marine science and technology research techniques to maritime law enforcement in Taiwan

Marine Policy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 163, С. 106081 - 106081

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

The research looks into the relationship between technology, international law, and marine policy in Taiwan, specifically looking at how these three factors interact to influence way maritime environment is monitored, understood, regulated. explores cutting-edge innovation has improved sustainable resource management by reshaping data collecting, analysis, decision-making via a comprehensive literature review case studies focused on Taiwan. impact of UNCLOS particular, standards technologies used significant topic covered paper. Q&A sessions with experts policy, law provide qualitative analysis current state affairs shows that technology revolutionized Taiwan oversees monitors its environment. More effective cooperative ocean governance resulted from rise evidence-based made possible technological advancements. An example regulatory UNCLOS, which sets for resources directs use technology. In spite geopolitical obstacles, well-positioned successful conservation thanks all-encompassing approach, based continuing conversations partnerships line worldwide advances changing frameworks. This study highlights interconnected nature Taiwan's strategy preserving future.

Язык: Английский

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Climatic differences among habitats shape the balance between maximum lifespan and life expectancy in Japanese tree species

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1881)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

This issue addresses the multifaceted problems of understanding biodiversity change to meet emerging international development and conservation goals, national economic accounting diverse community needs. Recent agreements highlight need establish monitoring assessment programmes at regional levels. We identify an opportunity for research develop methods robust detection attribution that will contribute assessments guide action. The 16 contributions this address six major aspects assessment: connecting policy science, establishing observation, improving statistical estimation, detecting change, attributing causes projecting future. These studies are led by experts in Indigenous studies, economics, ecology, conservation, statistics, computer with representations from Asia, Africa, South America, North America Europe. results place science context needs provide updated roadmap how observe a way supports action via science. article is part theme ‘Detecting change: needs, gaps solutions’

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring the fabric of nature: using allometric trophic network models and observations to assess policy effects on biodiversity

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1881)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Species diversity underpins all ecosystem services that support life. Despite this recognition and the great advances in detecting biodiversity, exactly how many which species co-occur interact, directly or indirectly any is unknown. Biodiversity accounts are incomplete; taxonomically, size, habitat, mobility rarity biased. In ocean, provisioning of fish, invertebrates algae a fundamental service. This extracted biomass depends on myriad microscopic macroscopic organisms make up fabric nature affected by management actions. Monitoring them attributing changes to policies daunting. Here we propose dynamic quantitative models interactions can be used link policy compliance with complex ecological networks. allows managers qualitatively identify 'interaction-indicator' species, highly impacted through propagation interactions. We ground approach intertidal kelp harvesting Chile fishers' policies. Results allow us sets respond and/or compliance, but often not included standardized monitoring. The proposed aids design biodiversity programmes attempt connect change. article part theme issue 'Detecting causes change: needs, gaps solutions'.

Язык: Английский

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Boosting biodiversity monitoring using smartphone-driven, rapidly accumulating community-sourced data

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Comprehensive biodiversity data is crucial for ecosystem protection. The Biome mobile app, launched in Japan, efficiently gathers species observations from the public using identification algorithms and gamification elements. app has amassed >6 million since 2019. Nonetheless, community-sourced may exhibit spatial taxonomic biases. Species distribution models (SDMs) estimate while accommodating such bias. Here, we investigated quality of its impact on SDM performance. accuracy exceeds 95% birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, but seed plants, molluscs, fishes scored below 90%. Our SDMs 132 terrestrial plants animals across Japan revealed that incorporating into traditional survey improved accuracy. For endangered species, required >2000 records accurate (Boyce index ≥ 0.9), blending two sources reduced this to around 300. uniform coverage urban-natural gradients by data, compared biased towards natural areas, explain improvement. Combining multiple better estimates distributions, aiding protected area designation service assessment. Establishing a platform accumulating will contribute conserving monitoring ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Passive acoustic monitoring for assessing forest bird distribution and identifying conservationally important areas in a subtropical forest landscape

Ecological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Monitor social–ecological systems to achieve global goals for biodiversity and nature's contributions to people

BioScience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 75(4), С. 276 - 280

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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