SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the Omicron era

Nature Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(11), С. 1952 - 1959

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Implications of diversity in sperm size and function for sperm competition and fertility

The International Journal of Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 52(5-6), С. 439 - 447

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2008

Sperm competition is now recognised as a potent selective force shaping many male reproductive traits. While the influence of sperm on number widely accepted, its effects upon size remain controversial. It had been traditionally assumed that there trade-off between and size, so an increase in would result decrease under conditions competition. Contrary to this prediction, we proposed some time ago favours because longer swim faster are more likely win race fertilize ova. Comparative studies species show taxa such relationship exists, but consequences may vary depending environment which spermatozoa have compete. We present new evidence showing mammals at higher speeds. also mean swimming speed highly correlated with maximum speed, even if fastest fertilize, both measures informative. When individuals same compared, ratios dimensions different components, well shape head, seem better explaining velocity. Finally, determine fertility. Other shown competitive contexts, males fertilization success. conclude available supports our original hypothesis.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic detection of co-infection and intra-host recombination in more than 2 million global SARS-CoV-2 samples

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Systematic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections between different lineages and assessing the risk intra-host recombinant emergence are crucial for forecasting viral evolution. Here we present a comprehensive analysis more than 2 million raw read datasets submitted to European COVID-19 Data Portal identify recombination. Co-infection was observed in 0.35% investigated cases. Two independent procedures were implemented detect We show that sensitivity is predominantly determined by density lineage-defining mutations along genome, thus used an expanded list mutually exclusive defining specific variant combinations increase statistical power. call attention multiple challenges rendering detection difficult provide guidelines reduction false positives arising from chimeric sequences produced during PCR amplification. Additionally, three recombination hotspots Delta – Omicron BA.1 recombinants.

Язык: Английский

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spa typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals and veterinary staff in the UK and Ireland

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 58(6), С. 1118 - 1123

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2006

Region X of the protein A gene (spa) was sequenced from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates originating animals, humans and environment at veterinary hospitals in UK Ireland. MRSA transmission between animals staff assessed on basis spa typing, PFGE epidemiological data.MRSA dogs (n = 27), horses 9), cats 6), 22) environmental surfaces 3) were analysed by typing. Known contacts human animal carriers ascertained hospitals.All feline, most canine (96%) (82%) showed profiles that either indistinguishable (subtype A1) or closely related (subtypes A2-A10) to epidemic clone EMRSA-15 (CC22), whereas equine (88%) CC8 (types C, D, E G). polymorphism enabled discrimination among strains assigned same type. Fifteen types clustering into two distinct groups detected, with t032 being prevalent (48%). The isolated seven members as those infected attended staff.Irrespective geographical origin, small generally clustered clonal complexes, CC22, respectively. combined use typing allowed better than each method used individually, provided useful information individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Retrospective Evaluation of Partial Parenteral Nutrition in Dogs and Cats

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2002, Номер 16(4), С. 440 - 440

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2002

Since SARS-CoV-2 lineage BA.5 (Omicron) emerged and spread in 2022, Omicron lineages have massively diversified.Here, we review the evolutionary trajectories processes underpinning emergence of these lineages, identify most prevalent sublineages.We discuss potential origins second-generation BA.2 lineages.Simple complex recombination, antigenic drift convergent evolution enabled to accumulate mutations that alter its antigenicity.We also likely future SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Alteration of prostaglandin production and agonist responsiveness by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in endometrial cells from late-gestation ewes

Journal of Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2004, Номер 182(2), С. 249 - 256

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2004

We investigated the effect of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on prostaglandin (PG) production by uterus. A mixed population endometrial cells (epthelium and stroma) from late-gestation ewes were cultured in defined medium containing linoleic acid (LA, 18:2, n-6), gamma-linolenic (GLA, 18:3, n-6) or arachidonic (AA, 20:4, concentrations 0 (control), 20 100 microM. After 45 h test with without added PUFAs, challenged control (CM), oxytocin (OT, 250 nM), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 micro g/ml) dexamethasone (DEX, 5 microM) for 22 continued presence same concentration PUFA was collected measurement PGF(2alpha) PGE(2). Supplementation LA inhibited but did not alter PGE(2), whereas GLA AA increased both PGs. All supplements thus ratio PGE(2) to (E:F ratio) two- threefold. In cells, OT LPS challenges stimulated all challenge groups, response PUFAs followed pattern - LA<control<;GLA<AA there significant alterations responsiveness as a result treatment. supplemented microM AA, no further increase output when present neither nor significantly. When given AA-supplemented E:F increased. DEX change LA-treated produced significantly less PGF(2alpha), so contrast, GLA- AA-treated reduced unaltered. summary, study showed altered PGs different according their position metabolic pathway. The type affected OT, also changed produced. possible implications this work are discussed relation diet term pre-term labour, which require upregulation PG synthetic

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 variants in California, 2020-2022

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

The detection, characterization, and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant variants is a challenge to public health authorities worldwide. Recombinant variants, composed two or more lineages, often have unknown impacts on transmission, immune escape, virulence in the early stages emergence. We examined 4,213 genomes collected between 2020 2022 from California describe regional statewide trends prevalence. Many these genomes, such as those belonging XZ lineage, novel likely originated within state California. discuss challenges limitations surrounding Pango lineage assignments, use publicly available sequence data, adequate sample sizes for epidemiologic analyses. Although will continue sequencing volumes decrease globally, this study enhances our understanding date while providing foundation future insights into emerging lineages.

Язык: Английский

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IS IT TIME TO REFLECT, NOT ON THE “WHAT” BUT THE “WHY” IN EMERGING WILDLIFE DISEASE RESEARCH?

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 55(1), С. 1 - 1

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2018

Since SARS-CoV-2 lineage BA.5 (Omicron) emerged and spread in 2022, Omicron lineages have massively diversified.Here, we review the evolutionary trajectories processes underpinning emergence of these lineages, identify most prevalent sublineages.We discuss potential origins second-generation BA.2 lineages.Simple complex recombination, antigenic drift convergent evolution enabled to accumulate mutations that alter its antigenicity.We also likely future SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Acute Actions of Natriuretic Peptides in Coronary Vasculature and Ischaemic Myocardium

Current Pharmaceutical Design, Год журнала: 2004, Номер 10(20), С. 2477 - 2482

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2004

The natriuretic peptides are a family of widely distributed polypeptide mediators that exert range actions in several body systems. In cardiovascular homeostasis, the endocrine roles cardiac-derived atrial and B-type peptide (ANP BNP) regulating central fluid volume blood pressure have been recognised for two decades. However, there is growing realisation go far beyond their effects local (autocrine / paracrine) regulatory within heart coronary vasculature may be comparable importance, especially disease states where tissue circulating levels rise markedly. acute myocardial ischaemia, release BNP occurs rapidly from ventricular myocardium, prompting speculation early activation receptor cGMP signalling system an important autocrine paracrine response cardiac ischaemia. include inotropic effects, regulation vascular tone attenuation susceptibility myocardium to ischaemic injury. longer-term upregulation expression could suppression growth proliferative responses variety cells. preparations, exposure epicardial arteries pharmacological concentrations evokes vasorelaxation, although microvessels, evidence vasorelaxant action less consistent. mechanisms unclear but limited suggests endothelium-dependent component. treatment with prior during artery occlusion exerts markedly protective, concentration-dependent infarct-limiting action. This cytoprotective effect pathway might conceivably represent alternative endogenous salvage which potentially exploitable therapeutically. Taken together, on ischaemia suggest profile activity therapeutically beneficial management patients syndromes. Keywords: peptide, anp, bnp, cnp, npr-a, npr-b, guanylyl cyclase, cgmp, arteries, infarction

Язык: Английский

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Systematic detection of co-infection and intra-host recombination in more than 2 million global SARS-CoV-2 samples

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Abstract Systematic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections between different lineages and assessing the risk intra-host recombinant emergence are crucial for forecasting viral evolution. Here we present a comprehensive analysis more than 2 million raw read datasets submitted to European COVID-19 Data Portal identify recombination. Co-infection was observed in 0.35% investigated cases. Two independent procedures were implemented detect We show that sensitivity is predominantly determined by density lineage-defining mutations along genome, thus used an expanded list mutually exclusive defining specific variant combinations increase statistical power. call attention multiple challenges rendering detection difficult provide guidelines reduction false positives arising from chimeric sequences produced during PCR amplification. Additionally, three recombination hotspots Delta – Omicron BA.1 recombinants.

Язык: Английский

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