Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10458 - 10458

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights Into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, it is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response. Promising candidate found in some patients markers systemic inflammation acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses dysregulation; endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; metabolic biomarkers; as well cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing relevant they do cover entire umbrella current or their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms, diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical manifestations classification based main symptomatology frame epidemiological pathogenetic aspects syndrome, furthermore assess limitations challenges potential implications interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of a tailored exercise regimen on physical capacity, systemic oxidative stress and plasma proteomic profile in patients affected by post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC)

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Abstract Background: Individuals affected by the post-covid condition (PCC) show an increased fatigue and so-called post-exertion malaise (PEM) that led health professionals to advise against exercise although accumulating evidence indicates contrary. The goal of this study is determine impact a closely monitored 8-week mixed program on physical capacity, symptoms, fatigue, systemic oxidative stress plasma proteomic profiles PCC cases. Methods: Twenty-five women men with were assigned sequentially (n = 15) non-exercise 10) groups. no served as control group. included cardiovascular resistance exercises. Physical activity level presence common symptoms measured before after intervention. Fatigue was day following each session. Plasma PBMC samples collected at beginning end training program. Glutathione deoxyguanosine levels in evaluated. Results: Bicep Curl (p=0.040) STS-30 (p=0.043) improved greater extent group than An interaction effect also observed for (p=0.007) positive their daily functioning without any adverse effects general or post-effort fatigue. After exercise, glutathione PBMCs but remained unchanged men. Discernable changes proteomics profile certain proteins involved inflammatory response (SA100A8) decreasing Conclusions: Supervised adapted ability safe effective patients improving capacity wellbeing. Systemic molecular markers accompany improvement can be analyzing stress. Large-scale studies will help identify promising objectively monitor patient improvement.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of a tailored exercise regimen on physical capacity, systemic oxidative stress and plasma proteomic profile in PCC patients

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Abstract Background : Individuals affected by the post-covid condition (PCC) show an increased fatigue and so-called post-exertion malaise (PEM) that led health professionals to advise against exercise although accumulating evidence indicates contrary. The goal of this study is determine impact a closely monitored 8-week mixed program on physical capacity, symptoms, fatigue, systemic oxidative stress plasma proteomic profiles PCC cases. Methods Twenty-five women men with were assigned sequentially (n = 15) non-exercise 10) groups. no served as control group. included cardiovascular resistance exercises. Physical activity level presence common symptoms measured before after intervention. Fatigue was day following each session. Plasma PBMC samples collected at beginning end training program. Glutathione deoxyguanosine levels in evaluated. Results Bicep Curl (p=0.040) STS-30 (p=0.043) improved greater extent group than An interaction effect also observed for (p=0.007) positive their daily functioning without any adverse effects general or post-effort fatigue. After exercise, glutathione PBMCs but remained unchanged men. Discernable changes proteomics profile certain proteins involved inflammatory response (SA100A8) decreasing Conclusions Supervised adapted ability safe effective patients improving capacity wellbeing. Systemic molecular markers accompany improvement can be analyzing stress. Large-scale studies will help identify promising objectively monitor patient improvement.

Язык: Английский

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