CircRNA and lncRNA-encoded peptide in diseases, an update review

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Decoding subcellular RNA localization one molecule at a time

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Abstract Eukaryotic cells are highly structured and composed of multiple membrane-bound membraneless organelles. Subcellular RNA localization is a critical regulator function, influencing various biological processes. At any given moment, RNAs must accurately navigate the three-dimensional subcellular environment to ensure proper governed by numerous factors, including splicing, stability, modifications, localizing sequences. Aberrant can contribute development diseases. Here, we explore diverse mechanisms summarize advancements in methods for determining localization, highlighting imaging techniques transforming our ability study dynamics at single-molecule level.

Язык: Английский

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SERTM2: a neuroactive player in the world of micropeptides

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sertm2 is a conserved micropeptide that promotes GDNF-mediated motor neuron subtype specification

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Small open-reading frame-encoded micropeptides within long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often overlooked due to their small size and low abundance. However, emerging evidence links these various biological pathways, though roles in neural development neurodegeneration remain unclear. Here, we investigate the function of murine micropeptide Sertm2, encoded by lncRNA A730046J19Rik, during spinal motor neuron (MN) development. Sertm2 is predicted be a conserved transmembrane protein found both mouse human, with subcellular analysis revealing that it enriched cytoplasm neurites. By generating C terminally Flag-tagged expressing from A730046J19Rik locus, demonstrate localizes MNs mice. The GDNF signaling-induced Etv4+ pool impaired knockout mice, which display nerve arborization defects culminate coordination muscle weakness. Similarly, human SERTM2 iPSC-derived also reduced ETV4+ pools, highlighting novel, evolutionarily essential for maintaining GDNF-induced MN subtype identity.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding the complex journeys of RNAs along neurons

Nucleic Acids Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 53(7)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Abstract Neurons are highly polarized, specialized cells that must overcome immense challenges to ensure the health and survival of organism in which they reside. They can spread over meters persist for decades yet communicate at sub-millisecond millimeter scales. Thus, neurons require extreme levels spatial-temporal control. employ molecular motors transport coding noncoding RNAs distal synapses. Intracellular trafficking enables locally regulate protein synthesis synaptic activity. The way get loaded onto transported their target locations, particularly following plasticity, is explored below.

Язык: Английский

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Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1: Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(10), С. 5507 - 5507

Опубликована: Май 18, 2024

Hypertension stands as the leading global cause of mortality, affecting one billion individuals and serving a crucial risk indicator for cardiovascular morbidity mortality. Elevated salt intake triggers inflammation hypertension by activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We found that primary reasons behind this pro-inflammatory response is epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), responsible transporting ions into APCs activation NADPH oxidase, to increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increases lipid peroxidation formation isolevuglandins (IsoLG). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play role in regulating gene expression, MALAT1, broadly expressed across cell types, including blood vessels inflammatory cells, also associated with regulation. In hypertension, decreased transcriptional activity nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2 or Nfe2l2) correlates heightened impaired control various antioxidant genes. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an intracellular inhibitor Nrf2, exhibits elevated levels hypertension. Sodium, through increase Sp1 transcription binding at its promoter, upregulates MALAT1 expression. Silencing inhibits sodium-induced Keap1 upregulation, facilitating translocation Nrf2 subsequent transcription. Thus, acting via Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, modulates defense This review explores potential lncRNA controlling Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant pathway salt-induced The inhibition holds therapeutic progression disease (CVD).

Язык: Английский

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Microproteins in cancer: identification, biological functions, and clinical implications

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

HighlightsMicroproteins, historically overlooked, are emerging as key players in cancer biology.Advances genomics and proteomics enable systematic identification of cancer-associated microproteins.Microproteins contribute to pathogenesis, an important source cryptic antigens, may offer novel therapeutic targets.Harnessing the potential microproteins could revolutionize diagnostics, therapeutics, immunotherapy.AbstractCancer continues be a major global health challenge, accounting for 10 million deaths annually worldwide. Since inception genome-wide sequencing studies 20 years ago, core set ~700 oncogenes tumor suppressor genes has become basis research. However, this research been based largely on understanding that human genome encodes ~19 500 protein-coding genes. Complementing genomic landscape, recent advances have described numerous which now poised redefine our oncogenic processes open new avenues intervention. This review explores evidence microprotein involvement mechanisms discusses applications, with emphasis highlighting field.

Язык: Английский

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An unexpected path for Malat1 in neurons: trafficking out of the nucleus for translation

Genes & Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(7-8), С. 291 - 293

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

The Malat1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) long noncoding RNA is highly and broadly expressed in mammalian tissues, accumulating the nucleus where it modulates expression pre-mRNA processing of many protein-coding genes. In this issue

Язык: Английский

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The Relationship of Transposable Elements with Non-Coding RNAs in the Emergence of Human Proteins and Peptides

Current Proteomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(3), С. 140 - 161

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

: Transposable elements are the oldest structural and functional units that were formed during emergence of life on Earth. The most ancient properties transposable multifunctionality their transcription translation products formation many variants through processing, due to which key evolutionary sources long non-coding RNAs, circular microRNAs, proteins peptides formation. Moreover, same type transposon can simultaneously serve as source origin all these molecules, providing adaptive living organisms, especially complex eukaryotes, including humans. ability for mutual integration protein interacting with DNA RNA well regulation functionality RNA, is basis RNAs characterized by properties. This explain factors from elements, is, capable structures molecules presence specific amino acid sequences derived elements. article presents facts about evolution non-- coding genes Specific translated pri-microRNAs described, reflect in evolution. These promising tools treatment viral infections drug-resistant tumors, since, together they involved antiviral antitumor responses.

Язык: Английский

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Microproteins encoded by short open reading frames: vital regulators in neurological diseases

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 102694 - 102694

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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