Learning by Association in Plants

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2016

Abstract In complex and ever-changing environments, resources such as food are often scarce unevenly distributed in space time. Therefore, utilizing external cues to locate remember high-quality sources allows more efficient foraging, thus increasing chances for survival. Associations between environmental readily formed because of the tangible benefits they confer. While examples key role play shaping foraging behaviours widespread animal world, possibility that plants also able acquire learned associations guide their behaviour has never been demonstrated. Here we show this type learning occurs garden pea, Pisum sativum. By using a Y-maze task, position neutral cue, predicting location light source, affected direction plant growth. This prevailed over innate phototropism. Notably, was successful only when it occurred during subjective day, suggesting behavioural performance is regulated by metabolic demands. Our results associative an essential component behaviour. We conclude represents universal adaptive mechanism shared both animals plants.

Язык: Английский

---

The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 159 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Functional convergence of histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and KMT2C involved in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 13(10), С. e1006864 - e1006864

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2017

Kleefstra syndrome, caused by haploinsufficiency of euchromatin histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1), is characterized intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characteristic facial dysmorphisms, and other variable clinical features. In addition to EHMT1 mutations, de novo variants were reported in four additional genes (MBD5, SMARCB1, NR1I3, KMT2C), single individuals with characteristics overlapping syndrome. Here, we present a novel cohort five patients loss function mutations affecting the KMT2C. Our data delineates KMT2C phenotypic reinforces overlap syndrome related ID disorders. To elucidate common molecular basis neuropathology associated EHMT1, role Drosophila ortholog, trithorax (trr), nervous system. Similar G9a, trr required mushroom body for short term memory. Trr ChIP-seq identified 3371 binding sites, mainly promoter involved neuronal processes. Transcriptional profiling pan-neuronal knockdown G9a null mutant fly heads 613 1123 misregulated genes, respectively. These gene sets show significant are nearly identical ontology enrichments. The majority observed biological convergence derived from predicted indirect target genes. However, also have direct targets, including ortholog Arc (Arc1), key regulator synaptic plasticity. highlight between KMT2 EHMT protein families, which may contribute network underlying larger group ID/ASD-related

Язык: Английский

---

Interdependence of nutrient metabolism and the circadian clock system: Importance for metabolic health

Molecular Metabolism, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 5(3), С. 133 - 152

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2016

While additional research is needed, a number of large epidemiological studies show an association between circadian disruption and metabolic disorders. Specifically, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, other signs syndrome all have been linked to in humans. Studies species support this generally reveal that feeding not phase with the external light/dark cycle, as often occurs night or rotating shift workers, disadvantageous terms energy balance. As food strong driver rhythms periphery, understanding how nutrient metabolism drives clocks across body important for dissecting out why misalignment may produce such effects. A clock proteins well their accessory (such nuclear receptors) are highly sensitive metabolism. Macronutrients micronutrients can function zeitgebers tissue-specific way thus impair synchrony body, potentially restore case misalignment. Circadian receptors particularly alter response changes diet. Finally, SNPs human genes appear be correlated diet-specific responses along chronotype eventually provide valuable information from clinical perspective on use diet nutrition treat This article presents background components interrelated transcriptional feedback loops, followed by review some recent humans rodents address effects vice versa. We focus which results suggest nutrients opportunity or, alternatively, destroy peripheral central pacemaker brain themselves. In addition, we several looking at gene phenotypes tendencies associated particular mutations. Targeted specific based has potential immense utility future. ability activating modulating receptors). control tissue-specific. With better mechanisms nutrient-induced tissues, SNP might used tailor nutritional regimens disease treatment part personalized medicine's

Язык: Английский

---

Modulation of learning and memory by the targeted deletion of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 in forebrain circuits

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 308, С. 222 - 235

Опубликована: Май 5, 2016

A large body of literature has shown that the disruption circadian clock timing profound effects on mood, memory and complex thinking. Central to this time keeping process is master pacemaker located within suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Of note, central nervous system, not exclusive SCN, but rather, ancillary oscillatory capacity been detected in a wide range cell types brain regions, including forebrain circuits underlie cognitive processes. These observations raise questions about hierarchical functional relationship between SCN oscillators, and, relatedly, underlying clock-gated synaptic circuitry modulates cognition. Here, we utilized knockout strategy which essential gene Bmal1 was selectively deleted from excitatory neurons, whilst remained intact, test role learning, memory, anxiety, behavioral despair. With model observed numerous hippocampus-dependent measures Mice lacking exhibited deficits both acquisition recall Barnes maze. Notably, loss abrogated time-of-day dependent novel object location memory. However, did alter performance elevated plus maze, open field assay, tail suspension test, indicating phenotype specifically impairs cognition affect. Together, these data suggest plays critical shaping efficiency learning retrieval over day.

Язык: Английский

---

Animal Cognition in an Urbanised World

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Март 4, 2021

Explaining how animals respond to an increasingly urbanised world is a major challenge for evolutionary biologists. Urban environments often present with novel problems that differ from those encountered in their past. To navigate these rapidly changing habitats successfully, may need adjust behaviour flexibly over relatively short timescales. These behavioural changes, turn, be facilitated by ability acquire, store, and process information the environment. The question of cognitive abilities allow avoid threats exploit resources (or constrain do so) attracting increasing research interest, growing number studies investigating differences between urban-dwelling non-urban counterparts. In this review we consider why such might arise, focusing on informational challenges faced living urban environments, different can assist overcoming challenges. We focus largely birds, as avian taxa have been subject most date, but discuss work other species where relevant. also address potential consequences variation at individual level. For instance, select for, or influence development of, particular abilities? Are individuals phenotypes more likely become established habitats? How factors, social personality, interact cognition environments? aim synthesise current knowledge identify key avenues future research, order improve our understanding ecological urbanisation.

Язык: Английский

---

What’s wrong with my experiment?: The impact of hidden variables on neuropsychopharmacology research

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(7), С. 1285 - 1291

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Circadian clocks, cognition, and Alzheimer’s disease: synaptic mechanisms, signaling effectors, and chronotherapeutics

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Май 7, 2022

Abstract Modulation of basic biochemical and physiological processes by the circadian timing system is now recognized as a fundamental feature all mammalian organ systems. Within central nervous system, these clock-modulating effects are reflected in some most complex behavioral states including learning, memory, mood. How clock shapes only beginning to be realized. In this review we describe recent findings regarding set cellular signaling events, kinase pathways, gene networks, synaptic circuits that under influence how this, turn, cognitive capacity over cycle. Further, discuss functional roles master located suprachiasmatic nucleus, peripheral oscillator populations within cortical limbic circuits, gating plasticity memory These then used basis connection between dysregulation impairments resulting from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). addition, conceptually novel idea AD, there selective disruption it disruption/desynchronization regions phase-entraining SCN underlies aspects early- mid-stage deficits AD. prospect AD could produce self-reinforcing feedback loop, where accelerates pathogenesis (e.g., amyloid deposition, oxidative stress cell death) turn leads further system. Lastly, address potential therapeutic approaches strengthen networks and, improve patients.

Язык: Английский

---

Dietary tea polyphenols ameliorate metabolic syndrome and memory impairment via circadian clock related mechanisms

Journal of Functional Foods, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 34, С. 168 - 180

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2017

Язык: Английский

---

Suvorexant ameliorates cognitive impairments and pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Neurobiology of Aging, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 91, С. 66 - 75

Опубликована: Март 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

---