Scientists' warning on climate change and insects

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 93(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but also exacerbates harmful other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms threats species preservation, as well preservation an array ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among affected groups animals insects—central components many ecosystems—for which climate change pervasive from individuals communities. In this contribution scientists' warning series, we summarize effect gradual global surface temperature increase insects, physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and interactions, increased frequency duration extreme events such hot cold spells, fires, droughts, floods these parameters. We warn that, if no action taken better understand reduce will drastically our ability build a sustainable future based healthy, functional ecosystems. discuss perspectives relevant ways conserve insects face change, offer several key recommendations management approaches that can adopted, policies should pursued, involvement general public protection effort.

Язык: Английский

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Applying the core microbiome to understand host–microbe systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 89(7), С. 1549 - 1558

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2020

Abstract The host‐associated core microbiome was originally coined to refer common groups of microbes or genes that were likely be particularly important for host biological function. However, the term has evolved encompass variable definitions across studies, often identifying key with respect their spatial distribution, temporal stability ecological influence, as well contribution function and fitness. A major barrier reaching a consensus over how define its relevance biological, evolutionary theory is lack precise terminology associated definitions, persistent association Common, microbiomes can together generate insights into processes act independently function, while functional host‐adapted cores distinguish between facultative near‐obligate symbionts differ in effects on This commentary summarizes five broad have been applied literature, highlighting strengths limitations advancing our understanding host–microbe systems, noting where they are overlap, discussing potential No one definition capture range population. Applied together, reveal different layers microbial organization from which we begin understand govern interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Insect Diapause

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Язык: Английский

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The Lizard Gut Microbiome Changes with Temperature and Is Associated with Heat Tolerance

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 86(17)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2020

Gut microbial communities affect their animal hosts in numerous ways, motivating investigations of the factors that shape gut microbiota and consequences variation for host traits. In this study, we tested effects increases environmental temperatures on fence lizards, a vertebrate ectotherm threatened by warming climates. By monitoring lizards microbes during an experimental temperature treatment, showed altered destabilized lizard microbiota. Moreover, measuring thermal performance at end experiment indicated composition was associated with tolerance. These results indicate can alter ectotherms suggest relationships between physiology natural populations.

Язык: Английский

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The Symbiotic Spectrum: Where Do the Gregarines Fit?

Trends in Parasitology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 35(9), С. 687 - 694

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Diurnal oscillations in gut bacterial load and composition eclipse seasonal and lifetime dynamics in wild meerkats

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2021

Abstract Circadian rhythms in gut microbiota composition are crucial for metabolic function, yet the extent to which they govern microbial dynamics compared seasonal and lifetime processes remains unknown. Here, we investigate bacterial wild meerkats ( Suricata suricatta ) over a 20-year period compare diurnal, seasonal, concert, applying ratios of absolute abundance. We found that diurnal oscillations load eclipsed dynamics. Diurnal were characterised by peak Clostridium abundance at dawn, associated with temperature-constrained foraging schedules, did not decay age. Some genera exhibited fluctuations, whilst others developed age, although little support senescence very old meerkats. Strong circadian this species may reflect extreme daily temperature fluctuations typical arid-zone climates. Our findings demonstrate accounting is essential future microbiome research.

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide-induced disturbances of bee gut microbiotas

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 46(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021

ABSTRACT Social bee gut microbiotas play key roles in host health and performance. Worryingly, a growing body of literature shows that pesticide exposure can disturb these microbiotas. Most studies examine changes taxonomic composition Western honey (Apis mellifera) caused by insecticide exposure. Core microbiota taxa shift abundance after but are rarely eliminated, with declines Bifidobacteriales Lactobacillus near melliventris being the most common shifts. Pesticide concentration, duration, season concurrent stressors all influence whether how disturbed. Also, mechanism disturbance—i.e. directly affects microbial growth or indirectly altering health—likely disturbance consistency. Despite interest this topic, important questions remain unanswered. Specifically, metabolic shifts largely uninvestigated, as do effects pesticide-disturbed on Furthermore, few species have been studied other than A. mellifera, herbicides fungicides examined. We call for knowledge gaps to be addressed so we may obtain comprehensive picture pesticides alter microbiotas, functional consequences changes.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome variation correlates with the insecticide susceptibility in different geographic strains of a significant agricultural pest, Nilaparvata lugens

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Abstract Microbiome-mediated insecticide resistance is an emerging phenomenon found in insect pests. However, microbiome composition can vary by host genotype and environmental factors, but how these variations may be associated with phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we compared different field laboratory strains of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens their composition, transcriptome, profiles to identify possible patterns correlation. Our analysis reveals that abundances core bacterial symbionts are significantly correlated expression several detoxifying genes (especially NlCYP6ER1 , a key gene previously shown involved insecticides resistance). The levels N. susceptibility. Furthermore, have identified abiotic including temperature, precipitation, latitude, longitude, as potential predictors symbiont genes, susceptibility . These findings provide new insights into microbiome-environment-host interactions influence susceptibility, which will helpful guiding targeted microbial-based strategies for management field.

Язык: Английский

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Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 226(23)

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

ABSTRACT Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper Journal Experimental Biology describing a series clever experiments that provided first empirical test competitive exclusion theory, laying foundation for field remains active today. At time, wrestled with dilemma conducting or field, ultimately deciding progress could be best achieved taking advantage high level control offered experiments. However, physiological often yield different, even contradictory, results when conducted versus settings. This is especially concerning Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond environmental disturbances inform decisions conservation management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms explain disparities between biology field. We propose strategies understanding why these differences occur can use improve our animals. Nearly century beyond Gause's work, still know remarkably little about what makes captive different from ones. Discovering should important goal biologists future.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Temperatures Affect the Gastrointestinal Microbes of the Chinese Giant Salamander

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 19, 2021

An increasing number of studies have shown that warming also influences the animal gut microbiome (altering community structure and decreasing its diversity), which might further impact host fitness. Here, based on an analysis stomach (the entire intestine: from anterior intestine to cloaca) in laboratory larva giant salamanders ( Andrias davidianus ) under different living water temperatures (5, 15, 25°C) at two sample time points (80 330 days after acclimation), we investigated potential effect temperature gastrointestinal community. We found significant Interaction between sampling temperature, or type (stomach gut) Shannon index salamanders. difference among groups within same each time. 10% variation could be explained by alone total samples. Both microbiomes displayed highest similarity (significantly lowest pairwise unweighted Unifrac distance) 25-degree group times compared those 5-degree 15-degree groups. Moreover, 25°C treatment showed food intake body mess other treatments. A increase abundance Firmicutes day with caused increased metabolism consumption. Therefore, speculate high environmental indirectly affect both alpha beta diversity microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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