Integrative Zoology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
Gut
mycobiota
are
part
of
the
gut
microbiome,
typically
derived
from
host
diet
and
living
environment.
In
this
study,
we
examined
three
snub-nosed
monkeys:
Rhinopithecus
roxellana,
R.
bieti,
strykeri
using
next-generation
amplicon
sequencing
targeting
fungal
internal
transcribed
spacer.
The
alpha
diversity
indexes
in
bieti
were
significantly
higher
than
roxellana
strykeri,
beta
indicated
that
had
more
similar
feeding
habits.
Core
demonstrated
commonalities
among
species
potentially
associated
with
Mycobiota
displaying
significant
differences
exhibited
respective
characteristics
host,
likely
hosts'
Among
them,
animal
plant
pathogenic
fungi
lichen
parasites
potential
threats
to
survival
monkeys
for
their
pathogenicity
both
food
plants.
Functionally,
trophic
modes
functional
guilds
revealed
a
strong
association
between
diet.
We
found
abundance
correlations
parasitic
other
two
species,
indicating
foods.
Accordingly,
study
basic
structures
wild
highlighted
associations
habits
environments.
Furthermore,
due
close
connection
environment,
animals
could
ingest
diet;
thus,
speculate
may
serve
role
environmental
monitoring
wildlife.
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(1), С. 38 - 38
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025
Agricultural
pollutants
co-interact
and
affect
the
vital
functions,
stress
tolerance,
resistance,
immunity,
survival
of
insect
pests.
These
metal-herbicide
interactions
have
inevitable
but
remarkable
effects
on
insects,
which
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
examined
among
zinc
(Zn),
iron
(Fe),
paraquat
(PQ)
at
a
sublethal
dose
physiological
response
Egyptian
cotton
leafworm
Spodoptera
littoralis.
Co-exposure
to
Zn
Fe
improved
(100%
10-20
mg,
85%
40
mg)
compared
separate
exposures.
Low
Zn/Fe/PQ
toxicity
likely
stemmed
from
metal
complexes
having
efficient
chelating
activity,
enhancing
resilience.
exposure
Zn,
Fe,
Zn/Fe
increased
food
intake
larval
weight
affected
frass
production.
Interestingly,
combined
application
pupal
in
surviving
individuals.
was
found
be
crucial
ecdysis
larvae
into
pupae,
resulting
reduced
mortality
prolonged
duration
(%
days).
Providing
important
information
regarding
responses
pest
management,
this
study
demonstrated
realistic
conditions
caused
by
biological
trace
elements,
such
as
with
PQ.
A
disc
diffusion
susceptibility
test
hemolymph
bacteria
revealed
differences
Zn/Fe,
Zn/Fe/PQ,
suggesting
that
their
interaction
might
play
an
immunomodulatory
role
S.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(1), С. 50 - 50
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
The
Argentine
stem
weevil
(ASW),
a
major
pest
in
ryegrass
pastures,
causes
significant
agricultural
losses.
Ryegrass
can
establish
symbiotic
association
with
Epichloë
endophytic
fungi,
which
supply
chemical
defenses,
including
peramine.
This
symbiosis
helps
protect
by
providing
peramine,
acts
as
primary
defense.
In
addition,
activate
induced
defense
mechanisms,
peramine
remaining
the
central
agent
response
to
herbivorous
insect
attacks.
Therefore,
this
study
assessed
feeding
of
ASW
on
carrying
fungus
and
levels
aerial
organs
its
effects
performance.
adults
larvae
were
placed
leaves
stems
assess
feeding.
Two
treatments
used:
endophyte-free
plants
endophyte-colonized
plants.
After
damage,
consumption
was
measured
leaf
area
consumed.
To
evaluate
production
increase
attack,
analyzed
using
liquid
chromatography.
Damaged
E+
showed
increases
adult
larval
herbivory
raising
291%
216%
135%
85%
leaves,
respectively,
compared
controls.
Endophyte-free
(E−)
experienced
more
insects
preferred
them,
showing
reduced
activity
rose
endophyte-infected
(E+)
An
oviposition
assay
confirmed
preference
for
Additionally,
reared
had
lower
survival
rates,
correlating
negatively
levels.
These
results
emphasize
peramine’s
role
strengthening
defenses
against
ASW,
impacting
both
development.
Environments,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(1), С. 30 - 30
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2025
Herbicides
are
synthetic
chemicals
that
extensively
employed
in
agricultural
practices
with
the
objective
of
enhancing
crop
yield
and
quality.
Despite
their
selectivity
for
plant
systems
being
generally
regarded
as
non-toxic
to
animals,
there
is
a
paucity
understanding
surrounding
sublethal
effects
on
non-target
organisms,
including
animals.
This
gap
underscores
necessity
ecotoxicological
research
prioritizes
identification
suitable
models
develops
reliable
biomarkers
early
assessment
environmental
impact.
In
this
context,
hemocytes—circulating
immune
cells
found
invertebrates—have
been
identified
crucial
system
assessing
toxicological
effects,
given
role
defense
overall
organism
health.
Tenebrio
molitor,
beetle
pest
stored
grain,
was
used
model
metribuzin-based
herbicide
(MTB,
Feinzin
DF
70,
70%
metribuzin,
0.25
kg
ha−1).
Following
96
h
exposure
MTB,
males
(7–10
days
post-eclosion)
were
examined
multiple
hemocytes,
cell
density,
phagocytic
activity,
lysosomal
membrane
stability,
cytological
changes.
Although
no
mortality
observed,
MTB
resulted
reduction
index
an
increase
blast-like
cells,
indicating
potential
immunotoxicity.
Lysosomal
stability
reduced,
though
significant
changes
hemocyte
density
or
nuclear
morphology
observed.
These
responses
indicate
impairment,
which
could
affect
beetle’s
fitness
reproductive
potential.
study
highlights
hemocytes
raising
concerns
about
ecological
impact
herbicides
agroecosystems
risks
both
wildlife
human
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025
Research
on
Bacillus
thuringiensis
(Bt)-pest
interactions
has
prioritized
Cry
toxin
receptors,
with
limited
attention
to
gut
bacteria's
role
in
modulating
Bt
sensitivity.
This
study
identified
two
Enterobacter
strains
Plutella
xylostella
opposing
effects
Cry1Ac
susceptibility.
hormaechei
(PxG15)
degraded
protoxin
and
activated
the
proPO-AS
JNK
pathway,
which
reduced
Cry1Ac's
damage
midgut
while
limiting
invasion
of
bacteria
into
hemolymph.
Although
asburiae
(PxG1)
rapidly
proPO-AS,
pathway
was
a
much
slower
weaker
mode
when
compared
PxG15,
attenuated
repairing
efficiency
under
treatment
Cry1Ac,
leading
death
resulting
from
sepsis
quick
illustrates
intricate
interrelationships
among
pest's
bacteria,
its
immune
system,
offering
novel
insights
how
shape
pest
survival
following
exposure.
