The conservation of Afro‐Palaearctic migrants: What we are learning and what we need to know?

Ibis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165(3), С. 717 - 738

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway considers its implications conservation. greatest advances in knowledge have been made field tracking. These studies reveal many species to be highly dispersed non‐breeding season, suggesting that site‐level a small number locations will almost certainly limited value most species. Instead, widespread but ‘shallow’ land‐sharing solutions are likely more effective but, because any local changes Africa affect European populations, impact extremely difficult detect through monitoring breeding grounds. Targeted action boost productivity Europe may help halt declines some reversing is also require these approaches areas. retention or planting native trees humid arid zones within generic tool, especially if concentrated on favoured tree Overall, despite growing knowledge, we remain largely unable progress beyond general flyway‐level actions, such as maintaining suitable habitat across increasingly anthropogenic landscape generalists, targeted site‐based specialists stop‐over sites, protection from hunting, individual species‐level solutions. We assess cost‐effectiveness specific action, mainly uncertainty around how populations affected by conditions during passage grounds, well efficacy implementation particularly For develop implement conservation, scientific need better integrated with each other implemented full annual cycle. However, urge immediate use available rather than waiting complete understanding, combined adaptive management flyway.

Язык: Английский

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Translating genomic advances into biodiversity conservation

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(5), С. 362 - 373

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Long‐term drought triggers severe declines in carabid beetles in a temperate forest

Ecography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Evidence for widespread declines in arthropods is growing and climate change one of the suspected drivers. Recent droughts Europe were unprecedented previous centuries we are only beginning to understand impacts on ecosystems. We analysed a 24‐year dataset carabid beetles from temperate forest area northeast Germany investigated linear non‐linear trends abundance, biomass, diversity species traits. especially interested if how these linked at different temporal scales using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). found significant abundance biomass with annual rates −3.1% (0.95 CI [−5.3, −1]) –4.9% [−9.4, −1.6]), respectively. Non‐linear closely related SPEI when considering climatic water balance six years showed severe between 2015 2022 (−71% 0.95 [−84, −61] / −89% [−97, −59]). However, there remained background‐decline −2.1% [−5.7, −0.2]) [−6.5, −0.1]), respectively, which occurred independently drought. observed negative metrics shift assemblage that less directly droughts. Declining drought‐sensitive tended be larger predators low dispersal abilities. This study among very first investigate current drought insects central Europe. Our findings add concerning amount evidence while pointing towards weather anomalies as important driver.

Язык: Английский

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Butterflies on the brink: identifying the Australian butterflies (Lepidoptera) most at risk of extinction

Austral Entomology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 60(1), С. 98 - 110

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Abstract The diversity and abundance of native invertebrates is declining globally, which could have significant consequences for ecosystem functioning. Declines are likely to be at least as severe those observed vertebrates, although often difficult quantify due a lack historic baseline data limited monitoring effort. Lepidoptera well studied in Australia compared with other invertebrates, so we know that some species imperilled or declining. Despite this, few butterfly taxa explicitly listed protection by legislation. Here aim identify the would most benefit from listing determining Australian butterflies immediate risk extinction. We also research management actions needed retain them. For 26 identified experts various conservation schedules, used structured expert elicitation estimate probability extinction within 20 years (i.e. 2040) key threatening processes, priority needs. Collation analysis opinion indicated one taxon, laced fritillary ( Argynnis hyperbius inconstans ), particularly imperilled, four Jalmenus eubulus , aridus Hypochrysops piceatus Oreisplanus munionga larana ) moderate–high (>30%) 2040. Mapped distributions revealed endemic single state territory, many occupy narrow ranges. Inappropriate fire regimes, habitat loss fragmentation (through agricultural practices), invasive (mostly through degradation caused weeds rabbits) climate change were prevalent threats affecting considered. Increased resourcing intervention will required prevent these extinctions. provide specific recommendations averting such losses.

Язык: Английский

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Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(42)

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024

One of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet is ever-increasing extensive use artificial light at night, which drastically altered environment to nocturnal animals are adapted. Such pollution has been identified as a driver in insect decline past years. species group experiencing marked declines moths, play key role food webs and ecosystem services such plant pollination. Moths can be easily monitored within illuminated area streetlight, where they typically exhibit disoriented behavior. Yet, little known about their behavior beyond area. Harmonic radar tracking enabled us close this knowledge gap. We found significant change flight streetlight. A detailed analysis recorded trajectories revealed barrier effect streetlights lappet moths whenever moon was not available natural celestial cue. Furthermore, increased tortuosity flights for both hawk moths. Surprisingly, we had reject fundamental hypothesis that individuals would fly toward Instead, true only 4% tested individuals, indicating impact might more severe than assumed date. Our results provide experimental evidence fragmentation landscapes by demonstrate affects movement patterns what previously assumed, potentially affecting reproductive success hampering vital service.

Язык: Английский

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Coextinction of Pseudococcus markharveyi (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): a case study in the modern insect extinction crisis

Austral Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 60(1), С. 89 - 97

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2020

Abstract The majority of modern insect extinctions are likely unrecorded, despite increasing concern for this hyperdiverse group. This is because they either yet to be discovered and described, their distributions host associations poorly known, or data too sparse detect declines in populations. Here, I outline the extinction an Australian mealybug, Pseudococcus markharveyi Gullan 2013, which was described less than 15 years ago but highlighted recently as one five most threatened invertebrates Australia from recent bushfires. synergistic threats dieback disease ( Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, 1922) inappropriate fire regime a consequence climate change, have decimated plant populations critically endangered Banksia montana (George, 1996) (Mast & Thiele 2007) montane habitat both organisms, thereby leading coextinction mealybug. Its loss occurred attempts at conservation management illustrates general crisis that Australia, world, facing. mealybugs not receiving same attention P. . Many known species remain undetected, without formal names, on distribution, abundance critical scant assess status. also discuss diversity more generally need conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends

Oikos, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Populations and ecological communities are changing worldwide, empirical studies exhibit a mixture of either declining or mixed trends. Confusion in global biodiversity trends thus remains, while assessing such changes is major social, political, scientific importance. Part this variability may arise from the difficulty to reliably assess Here, we conducted literature review documenting temporal dynamics biodiversity. We classified differences among approaches, data, methodology used by reviewed papers reveal common findings sources discrepancies. show that reviews meta‐analyses, along with use indicators, more likely conclude declining. On other hand, longer data available, nuanced they generate. Our results also highlight lack providing information on impact synergistic pressures scale, making it even difficult understand driving factors observed how decide conservation plan accordingly. Finally, stress importance taking into account confusion identified, as well complexity changes, order implement effective strategies. In particular, almost systematically assumed be linear, non‐linear largely neglected. Clarifying should strengthen large‐scale monitoring conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA): an interdisciplinary German research project

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(8-9), С. 2605 - 2614

Опубликована: Май 28, 2021

Abstract Insect declines and biodiversity loss have attracted much attention in recent years, but lack of comprehensive data, conflicting interests among stakeholders insufficient policy guidance hinder progress preserving biodiversity. The project DINA (Diversity Insects Nature protected Areas) investigates insect communities 21 nature reserves Germany. All selected conservation sites border arable land, with agricultural practices assumed to influence populations. We taught citizen scientists how manage Malaise traps for collection, subsequently used a DNA metabarcoding approach species identification. Vegetation surveys, plant as well geospatial ecotoxicological analyses will help unravel contributing factors the deterioration communities. As pioneering research this field, includes transdisciplinary dialogue involving relevant such local authorities, policymakers, farmers, which aims at shared understanding goals action pathways. Stakeholder engagement combined scientific results support development sound recommendations improve legal frameworks, landscape planning, land use, strategies. With approach, we aim provide background knowledge implement strategies that halt further decline insects German areas.

Язык: Английский

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High genetic connectivity of two pollinating flies despite urban disturbance

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Hoverflies (Syrphidae) are essential pollinators, and their severe decline jeopardizes invaluable contribution to plant diversity agricultural production. However, we know little about the dispersal abilities of hoverflies in urbanized landscapes, limiting our understanding spatiotemporal dynamics plant–pollinator systems reducing ability preserve biodiversity context global change. Previous work has not addressed how urbanization affects functional connectivity whether is a factor population dynamics. In this study, investigated spatial genetic structure two nonmigratory species urban areas. We collected more than thousand specimens each Syritta pipiens Myathropa florea , each, by hand netting western European study areas 490 460 km 2 2021, genotyped them at 14 24 microsatellite loci, respectively. Based on nonspatial Bayesian clustering methods, failed reject null hypothesis panmixia, suggesting that both exhibited high despite urbanization. The distribution allele frequencies was correlated with geographic distance, implying isolation‐by‐distance negligible scale species. Although anthropogenic land cover changes generally have dramatic consequences biodiversity, these hoverfly retain connectivity, which suggests strong metapopulational effective size its confounding effect signals drift may limit conclude confidently landscape effects gene flow those Provided maintain or restore habitat, recolonization be prompt even

Язык: Английский

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Insect pollinators: The time is now for identifying species of greatest conservation need

Wildlife Society Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(3)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

Abstract Severe declines in the abundance of insects, including economically and ecologically important pollinators, are alarming conservationists public. Yet despite these increasingly well‐documented declines, relatively few pollinating insects other than butterflies, moths, bumble bees have appeared as Species Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) State Wildlife Action Plans, decadal‐scale blueprints for wildlife conservation efforts across United States that require updating 2025. absent from SGCN lists ineligible congressionally appropriated Grants direct millions dollars annually their conservation. In past, knowledge about distribution many insect pollinators was too poor to identify those meeting state guidelines inclusion SGCN. Using case studies 4 northeastern states, we demonstrate sufficient status data now exist bees, beetles, flower flies, at‐risk species meriting on states. Doing so will increase funding surveys, habitat protection enhancement, activities benefit this vitally guild.

Язык: Английский

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