The Hygiene Hypothesis and New Perspectives—Current Challenges Meeting an Old Postulate

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 18, 2021

During its 30 years history, the Hygiene Hypothesis has shown itself to be adaptable whenever it been challenged by new scientific developments and this is a still continuously ongoing process. In regard, mini review aims discuss some selected in relation their impact on further fine-tuning expansion of Hypothesis. This will include role recently discovered classes innate adaptive immune cells that challenges old Th1/Th2 paradigm, applicability newly identified allergy/asthma phenotypes with diverse underlying pathomechanistic endotypes, increasing knowledge derived from epigenetic studies leads better understanding mechanisms involved translation environmental impacts biological systems. Further, we brief other disease areas like psychiatric disorders cancer conclude developing may provide more generalized explanation for health burden highly industrialized countries also global changes.

Язык: Английский

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A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 242, С. 113900 - 113900

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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University students’ participation in outdoor recreation and the perceived well-being effects of nature

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36, С. 100425 - 100425

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2021

It is increasingly recognized that interacting with nature promotes well-being and health for both adults children. Less known about the role of in people's everyday lives during emerging adulthood which means shift from adolescence to young adulthood. This study examines university students' participation outdoor recreation perceived effects nature. The qualitative data consists thematic writings (N = 47) produced by environmental students at University Helsinki, Finland, 2020. findings show most have negotiated time other constraints maintained active recreation. highlight can an important a life stage loaded stress factors, especially times COVID-19 pandemic. Nature provides opportunities not only physical activity but also emotional cognitive renewal, strengthening social relationships, relieving negative physiological various stressors. helps reflecting on their even gaining stronger sense self. Natural settings provide venue socially shared experiences support retreat behaviors enabling 'being away' providing freedom pressures student life. To prevent decline connection nature, special efforts should be made adults' interaction benefits. Encouraging all stages needed foster lifelong experiences. highlights importance hearing voices decision-making land-use planning diverse nature-based tourism. value urban green spaces supporting lives. extent daily routines requirements within city, it preserve slightly managed natural generate explore receive multisensory embodied Emphasis experiences, such as bird song breathing fresh air, stresses taking elements into account planning. Promoting easy access more distant adults. Organizing activities may help familiarizing themselves socializing peers.

Язык: Английский

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Immunological resilience and biodiversity for prevention of allergic diseases and asthma

Allergy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76(12), С. 3613 - 3626

Опубликована: Май 8, 2021

Increase of allergic conditions has occurred at the same pace with Great Acceleration, which stands for rapid growth rate human activities upon earth from 1950s. Changes environment and lifestyle along escalating urbanization are acknowledged as main underlying causes. Secondary (tertiary) prevention better disease control advanced considerably innovations oral immunotherapy effective treatment inflammation corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, biological medications. Patients less disabled than before. However, primary remained a dilemma. Factors predicting allergy asthma risk have proven complex: Risk factors increase risk, while protective counteract them. Interaction body environmental biodiversity micro-organisms biogenic compounds well central role epigenetic adaptation in immune homeostasis given new insight. Allergic diseases good indicators twisted relation to environment. In various non-communicable diseases, mode system indicates low-grade without apparent cause. Giving microbes, pro- prebiotics, shown some promise treatment. The real-world public health programme Finland (2008-2018) emphasized nature relatedness immunological resilience, instead avoidance. nationwide action mitigated burden, but lack controls, preventive effect remains be proven. first results controlled interventions promising. fast urbanizing world, approaches called prevention, also major cost saving potential.

Язык: Английский

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The External Exposome and Allergies: From the Perspective of the Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis

Frontiers in Allergy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Introduction In the last decades, we have seen a rapid increase in prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. The environmental changes caused by industrialization, urbanization modernization, including dramatic increases air pollutants particulate matter (PM), diesel exhaust, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), alarming effects global warming, change loss biodiversity, affect both human health entire ecosystem. Objective this review, aimed to discuss external exposome on epithelial barriers its relationship with development considering all stakeholders outer together, light recently proposed barrier hypothesis. Method To reach current, prominent, comprehensive studies subject, PubMed databases were searched. We included more resounding articles reliable strong results. Results Exposure altered factors increased pollution, microplastics, nanoparticles, tobacco smoke, emulsifiers, detergents, household cleaners, climate change, microbial modifications consumption dietary fatty acids, use preservatives decrease antioxidant content widely consumed western diet may disrupt skin, respiratory gastrointestinal tracts, making us vulnerable exogeneous allergens microbes. Epithelial cell activation, dysbiosis bacterial translocation immune balance chronic Th2 inflammation ensues. Conclusion Dramatic worrisome dysbiosis, changing habits complex interactions these local systemic inflammation. want draw attention emerging motivate public influence government policies for well-being humans nature earth future generations.

Язык: Английский

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