Early Origins of Asthma and Allergies: Clues From Studies in China

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Asthma and allergies have emerged as some of the most common chronic diseases, particularly in developed countries. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrated that children growing up farming/rural environments are less likely to develop these conditions. Over past three decades, China has experienced unprecedented economic development urbanisation, accompanied by a rapid rise prevalence allergic disorders. Despite substantial number affected individuals, allergy management remains inconsistent often inadequate, compounded variations diagnostic criteria limited healthcare access regions. Furthermore, vast population, regional disparities, methodological inconsistencies data collection hindered acquisition comprehensive, large‐scale epidemiological data. This review examines factors contributing asthma from their early origins, focusing on modifiable specific perspective China. Factors related traditional lifestyle, such early‐life exposure agricultural farming poultry, diverse dietary patterns, introduction allergenic foods, appear offer protection against allergies. Conversely, open‐fire cooking, incense burning, tobacco smoke, well antibiotic use perinatal like Caesarean section delivery prematurity may represent potential risks. A clear understanding role would pave way for developing effective interventions mitigate health socioeconomic burdens associated with

Язык: Английский

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Effects of COVID-19 and Social Distancing on Rhinovirus Infections and Asthma Exacerbations

Viruses, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(11), С. 2340 - 2340

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2022

Since their discovery in the 1950s, rhinoviruses (RVs) have been recognized as a major causative agent of “common cold” and cold-like illnesses, accounting for more than 50% upper respiratory tract infections. However, that, viral infections are responsible approximately asthma exacerbations adults 80% children. In addition to causing asthma, COPD other chronic lung diseases, RVs also implicated pathogenesis lower including bronchiolitis community acquired pneumonia. Finally, early life with RV associated development Due vast genetic diversity (approximately 160 known serotypes), recurrent infection is common. generally transmission occurring via inhalation aerosols, droplets or fomites. Following outbreak coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), exposure viruses was significantly reduced due social-distancing, restrictions on social gatherings, increased hygiene protocols. present review, we summarize impact COVID-19 preventative measures incidence its sequelae.

Язык: Английский

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Prediction of Asthma Exacerbations in Children

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1), С. 20 - 20

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Asthma exacerbations are common in asthmatic children, even among those with good disease control. attacks result the children and their parents missing school work days; limit patient’s social physical activities; lead to emergency department visits, hospital admissions, or fatal events. Thus, prompt identification of at risk for exacerbation is crucial, as it may allow proactive measures that could prevent these episodes. Children prone asthma a heterogeneous group; various demographic factors such younger age, ethnic group, low family income, clinical parameters (history an past 12 months, poor control, adherence treatment, comorbidities), Th2 inflammation, environmental exposures (pollutants, stress, viral bacterial pathogens) determine future should be carefully considered. This paper aims review existing evidence regarding predictors offer practical monitoring guidance promptly recognizing patients risk.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Pandemic and Reduced Physical Activity: Is There an Impact on Healthy and Asthmatic Children?

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Physical activity (PA) has been seen to improve asthma symptoms, lung function, and quality of life, as well reduce airway inflammation bronchial responsiveness. As a consequence the COVID-19 pandemic, minimal amount PA recommended by World Health Organization—i.e., about 60 min/day moderate-to-high intensity—is difficult achieve for many children, particularly those living in urban areas. Short-term changes because pandemic may become habitual, increasing risk adverse outcomes children. Indeed, prolonged home confinement during reduces levels increases sedentary behaviors, possibly impairing immune system function susceptibility inflammatory diseases. However, there is limited evidence regarding effects lockdown due on behaviors asthmatic Given that children stay longer indoors, indoor air pollution represents major issue consider confinement. This narrative review aims summarize available impact decreased increased with pandemic. In addition, strategies supporting are suggested, also looking at quality.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding the environmental factors related to the decrease in Pediatric Emergency Department referrals for acute asthma during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic

Pediatric Pulmonology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 57(1), С. 66 - 74

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2021

Abstract Background Lockdown measures during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic determined radical changes to behavioral and social habits, that were reflected by a reduction in transmission of respiratory pathogens anthropogenic atmospheric emissions. Objective This ecological study aims provide descriptive evaluation on how restrictive impacted Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) referrals for asthma exacerbations, their potentially associated environmental triggers Bologna, densely populated urban area Northern Italy. Methods Files children evaluated acute 2015 2020 at PED Sant'Orsola University Hospital Bologna retrospectively reviewed. Historical daily concentration records particulate (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) gaseous (NO 2 C 6 H air pollutants, pollen concurrently evaluated, including specific chemical tracers traffic‐related pollution (TRAP). Results In 2020, asthma‐related decreased compared referral rates previous 5 years ( p < 0.01). effect was particularly marked first lockdown period (March May), when drastic drop with high‐priority cases up 85% 54%, average. A concomitant concentrations pollutants observed range 40%–60% Conclusions The lower rate exacerbations childhood this paralleled reduced TRAP levels pandemic. Synergic interactions multiple consequences lockdowns likely contributed exposure ambient fewer infections, identified as most important factor literature.

Язык: Английский

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