Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 78(11), С. 2851 - 2874

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging nano‐technologies patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases triggered the gradual transition from a description focused on symptoms identifying biomarkers intricate pathogenetic metabolic pathways. Consequently, current taxonomy be revised better categorization. This European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds this challenge provides modern nomenclature diseases, which respects earlier classifications back early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell Coombs extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) direct response chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked classical newly clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c specified detailed according understanding T1, T2 T3 responses. V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while cellular inflammatory responses covered type VII. It is notable that several combinations mixed may appear setting. relevance approach allergy practice will conferred another article follow year, aiming at showing where can overlap evolve over lifetime.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of climate change on atopic dermatitis: A review by the International Eczema Council

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(6), С. 1455 - 1469

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most burdensome skin condition worldwide, is influenced by climatic factors and air pollution; however, impact of increasing hazards on AD remains poorly characterized. Leveraging an existing framework for 10 related to greenhouse gas emissions, we identified 18 studies with evidence through a systematic search. Most had aggravation ranged from direct effects like particulate matter-induced exacerbations wildfires potential indirect drought-induced food insecurity migration. We then created maps comparing past, present, future projected burden global prevalence data. Data are lacking, especially those regions likely experience more hazards. highlight gaps important research: understanding synergistic impacts AD, long-term disease activity, differential vulnerable populations, how basic mechanisms explain population-level trends.

Язык: Английский

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EAACI Guidelines on Environmental Science for Allergy and Asthma—Recommendations on the Impact of Indoor Air Pollutants on the Risk of New‐Onset Asthma and on Asthma‐Related Outcomes

Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 80(3), С. 651 - 676

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT The EAACI Guidelines used the GRADE approach to evaluate impact of major indoor air pollutants (dampness and mould, cleaning agents, volatile organic compounds pesticides) on risk new‐onset asthma asthma‐related outcomes. guideline also acknowledges synergies among other components exposome (allergens, viruses, endotoxins). Very low certainty evidence was found for association between exposure increased worsening. Only mould there moderate asthma. Due quality evidence, conditional recommendations were formulated all pollutants. Recommendations are provided prevention, patient care mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions healthcare professionals patients individualize improve management. For policymakers regulators this evidence‐informed supports setting legally binding standards goals at international, national local levels. Asthma management counselled by current guidelines can outcomes but community governmental measures improved needed achieve significant impact.

Язык: Английский

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Factors by which global warming worsens allergic disease

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131(6), С. 694 - 702

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergy and asthma: The impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor air pollutants on asthma‐related outcomes and recommendations for mitigation measures

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(7), С. 1656 - 1686

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract The EAACI Guidelines on the impact of short‐term exposure to outdoor pollutants asthma‐related outcomes provide recommendations for prevention, patient care and mitigation in a framework supporting rational decisions healthcare professionals patients individualize improve asthma management policymakers regulators as an evidence‐informed reference help setting legally binding standards goals air quality at international, national local levels. Guideline was developed using GRADE approach evaluated referenced current Air Quality World Health Organization single or mixed pesticides. Short‐term all increases risk adverse outcomes, especially hospital admissions emergency department visits (moderate certainty evidence specific lag days). There is limited traffic‐related pollution pesticides well interventions reduce emissions. Due evidence, conditional were formulated reducing pollution. Asthma counselled by guidelines can but global measures clean are needed achieve significant impact.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of exposure to tobacco smoke and e‐cigarettes on asthma‐related outcomes: Systematic review informing the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(9), С. 2346 - 2365

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

To inform the clinical practice guidelines' recommendations developed by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology systematic reviews (SR) assessed using GRADE on impact environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) active smoking risk new-onset asthma/recurrent wheezing (RW)/low lung function (LF), asthma-related outcomes. Only longitudinal studies were included, almost all combustion cigarettes, only one assessing e-cigarettes LF. According to first SR (67 studies), prenatal ETS increases RW (moderate certainty evidence) may increase asthma low LF (low evidence). Postnatal Combined in utero postnatal second (24 severe exacerbations impairs control third (25 suboptimal quality-of-life

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Evaluation of an Allergen Exposure Chamber and Nasal Allergen Challenge Versus In‐Field Symptom Assessment in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by Timothy Grass Pollen

Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 9, 2025

An allergen exposure chamber (AEC) is a specialized medical facility designed to expose individuals allergens at precise and consistent concentrations within controlled environment. This study aimed correlate the assessment of clinical endpoints in patients with allergic rhinitis sensitized timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense) by comparing three different methods: AEC, nasal challenge (NAC), symptoms during natural season. Fifteen subjects twelve healthy controls were evaluated ALLEC AEC; measured subjective objective methods, including total symptom score (TNSS), acoustic rhinometry (AcR), peak inspiratory flow (PNIF), discharge amount. For in-field evaluation, combined medication (EAACI-CSMS), as proposed European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology (EAACI), was used, which assessed for 14 days The AcR, PNIF, TNSS used NAC assessment. Both AEC NAC, all developed optimal pollen/allergen concentration across endpoints. Using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05), analysis revealed significant correlations between 120 min challenge, well after 15 EAACI-CSMS in-field. stronger than those showed weaker or no correlations. indicates that correlates better assessments NAC. significantly correspond efficacy (EAACI-CSMS exposure). effect not outcomes measured. methods might be considered an alternative traditional exposure.

Язык: Английский

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Monkeypox 2024 outbreak: Fifty essential questions and answers

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2024

Abstract As the world still vividly recalls previous monkeypox (mpox) outbreak that impacted over 120 countries worldwide with more than 99,000 cases in 2022, we are now facing a second wave of infections from virus (MPXV), characterized by an exponential increase cases. The current 2024 has already recorded 20,000 Africa, marking dramatic escalation compared to outbreaks. predominance newly identified clade Ib variant, first detected Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) and across multiple African nations beyond, underscores its enhanced transmissibility potential for international spread, evidenced Sweden Thailand. World Health Organization (WHO) declared on August 14, 2024, mpox Public Emergency International Concern (PHEIC), calling heightened global public health measures. ongoing pattern unusual, frequent, extensive outbreaks implications poses significant questions. This review addresses, format 50 questions answers, outbreak, detailing characteristics, epidemiological data, impact It comprehensively explores critical related MPXV virological immunological response, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnostics, available treatments. also documents evolving challenges posed highlighting scale, response.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical validation of grass pollen exposure chamber in patients with allergic rhinitis triggered by timothy grass

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(7), С. 489 - 499

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2024

The fluctuation in concentrations of airborne allergens frequently presents a challenge to assessing the efficacy allergen immunotherapy (AIT) 'field' studies. Allergen exposure chambers (AECs) are specialized medical installations developed expose individuals at defined and consistent under controlled environment. aim study was validate provocation test with timothy grass pollen as well assess its safety AEC patients allergic rhinitis.

Язык: Английский

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The Bronchodilator and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Long‐Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An EAACI Position Paper

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 80(2), С. 380 - 394

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

As cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease asthma. By blocking receptors expressed in lung, LAMA improve lung function reduce exacerbations asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite with corticosteroids β2 agonists. Asthma guidelines recommend as third controller be added on before initiation biologicals. In addition bronchodilation, also exert anti-inflammatory anti-fibrotic effects by inhibiting present neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts airway smooth muscle cells. Thus, besides might provide additional therapeutic effects, thereby supporting an endotype-driven approach management. The Position Paper, developed Section European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology, discusses main pathways reviews findings significant clinical trials real-life studies use asthma, examines placement these drugs guidelines, considers potential personalised medicine both adult paediatric patients.

Язык: Английский

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