Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

House dust mite induced mucosal barrier dysfunction and type 2 inflammatory responses via the MAPK/AP-1/IL-24 Signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 148, С. 113972 - 113972

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

The epithelial barrier, previously regarded only as a physical defense, is now understood to play vital role in immune responses and the regulation of inflammation. Allergic rhinitis (AR) prevalent chronic inflammatory condition nasal mucosa, with House Dust Mite (HDM) identified significant inhalant allergen that can impair this barrier. IL-24 has emerged key cytokine allergic diseases, involved maintaining cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms these effects remain inadequately understood. This study explores HDM-induced secretion mucosal barrier impairment using patient animal tissue samples. Our results confirm HDM sensitization triggers changes cavity, acting mediator type 2 inflammation AR severity. enhances via P38 MAPK pathway transcription factor AP-1, while downregulates occludin ZO-1 expression through STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway, compromising function increasing permeability. Furthermore, promotes IL-33 secretion, further exacerbating response AR. These findings clarify disruption HDM-sensitized suggest modulating may serve promising therapeutic strategy restore integrity

Язык: Английский

---

Systemic barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation diseases: perspective in the skin, airways, and gastrointestinal tract

Immunologic Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 73(1)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

The epithelial barrier in different organs is the first line of defense against environmental insults and allergens, with type 2 immunity serving as a protective function. Genetic factors, biological chemical from surrounding environment altered regulate homeostasis through disruption tight junction proteins or dilated intercellular spaces. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction contributes to pathologic alteration diseases immune dysregulation including (but not limited to) atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis nasal polyps, eosinophilic esophagitis. In this review, we summarized current understanding its interaction inflammation across organs, discussed role pathogenesis inflammation. addition, recent progresses emerging restorative therapies are reviewed.

Язык: Английский

---

Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates allergic asthma by restoring gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis via up-regulation of METTL3 in an m6A-dependent manner

Immunology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 267, С. 106853 - 106853

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Quercetin restores respiratory mucosal barrier dysfunction in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chicks by enhancing Th2 immune response

Phytomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 133, С. 155953 - 155953

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Environmental exposures drive the development of allergic diseases

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(5), С. 1081 - 1084

Опубликована: Март 27, 2024

The global prevalence of allergic diseases, such as rhinitis (AR) and asthma, has gradually increased since 1960s. AR surged by 5%–25% across various regions in the past few decades.1 Similarly, asthma progressively over last 65 years industrialized countries 30–40 urbanized areas low- middle-level income countries, correlating with ongoing processes urbanization industrialization.2 After industrial revolution particularly after 1950s when common usage fossil fuels had started, energy consumption waste discharge have led to warming climate change, causing air pollution, chemical hazards—significant contributors escalating diseases.3, 4 Allergic diseases are triggered environmental allergens influenced changes. Studies on relationship between outpatient visits for AR, airborne pollen concentration, meteorological factors indicate a robust connection seasonal concentration.5 In northern China, springtime temperatures low dry, symptoms increasing number patients whereas humidity reduces visits. Meanwhile, changes, thunderstorms, temperature humidity, impact allergen exposure. Global contributes changes local vegetation patterns, prolonging periods allergenic plants. This increases concentrations prolongs allergy season. that caused belts expand size migrate northward 30 years.6 current issue, Yin et al. investigated sensitization profiles aeroallergens among Chinese from 2009 2021.7 Their findings provide comprehensive insights into prevalent crucial diagnosis China. They identify most aeroallergens, reveal rapidly rates cat, dog, humulus decade. Nonetheless, there still exist undefined different what is already known. Song identified fructose-bisphosphate aldolase new two Artemisia species, report their molecular characterization which necessary prompt clinical application.8 Air pollutants serve irritants toxins, amplifying allergenicity allergens. "epithelial barrier theory" posits exposure toxic inflammatory substances linked industrialization modernization disrupts epithelial barriers, causes microbial dysbiosis impairs immune homeostasis. facilitates presentation allergens, initiating responses.9 Tight junction (TJ) proteins pivotal constituent barrier, acting primary defense against external stimuli. Abnormal expression TJs plays an essential role development progression airway diseases. Huang give detailed review discussion potential contributing impair repair nasal epithelium based structure, function, formation process.10 Substantial evidence demonstrate association risk disorders.11 Notably, children adolescents exhibit higher sensitivity pollution compared adults.12 Additionally, synergistic effect pollens may heighten sensitisation, exacerbating even nonallergic rhinitis.13 can directly influence characteristics aeroallergens. Oak exposed elevated levels SO2 or NO2 significantly fragility disruption pollen, subsequently leading release cytoplasmic granules.14 Reducing exposure, prevention treatment Chen highlight improved ambient quality associated decreased childhood asthma.15 Preschool Shanghai exhibited lower doctor-diagnosed wheezing 2019 than 2011, independently particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10. Moreover, establishing monitoring early warning systems weather-related events mitigate atopic Collaborating Beijing Tongren Hospital, Weather China established system containing numerous observation stations forecast daily concentrations. Utilising these deposition values, constructed prediction grading model 5-grade optimized deposition-level scale area. offers warnings patient protection treatment, providing scientific basis allergen-specific immunotherapy setting.16 scholars consistently advanced connections mechanisms linking Sun Shanghai, Elevated O3 were strongly hospital patients.17 addition, He detail 1-km resolution diseases.18 By utilizing 1 × km grid-based level proxy individual they revealed significant adverse impacts PM2.5 O3, resulting immediate next-day population-average PM10 was Climate fluctuations play development. Lu reported extreme promote mice.19 Exposure temperatures, high enhances cytokines, induces oxidative stress tissues, worsens hyperresponsiveness, exacerbates asthma. Advancing research pathogenesis could be accelerated reconstructing humanized mice equipped human system. Zhang mouse through intranasal administration IL-33 huHSC-NOG-EXL possess system.20 These asthmatic eosinophilic inflammation, collagen deposition, mucous secretion lung tissue, offering merit strategies studies. Neutrophils recognized key drivers severe asthma; however, regulation neutrophil trafficking, step neutrophilic remains unclear. Jia combined data samples vitro vivo models migration, roles reduced developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) mediating downregulation DEL-1 subsequent increase migration airways suggest targeting this pathway beneficial treating those patients.21 Allergen (AIT) one important therapies AR. Tang evaluated safety efficacy annua Allergens Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Drops results 28-week SLIT effective safe pollen-induced no major concerns.22 However, some do not response well AIT. Identifying predictive biomarkers AIT enhancing efficacy. researchers IgE/total IgE ratio, follicular regulatory T/type 2 helper T cell CD23+ nonswitched B frequency discriminating responders nonresponders Tongji cohort comprised 72 who completed one-year SCIT follow-up.23 march's progression, starting AD infancy, followed complex phenomenon. Understanding why only develop AD, while others proceed march well-established. long-term prospective study involving primarily urban, low-income, minority populations at risk, Wang shared differential AD-only march. hold promise assessment identification march.24 Considering involvement skin microbiome pathogenesis, Xu effects metabolite propionate acute chronic pruritus. demonstrated alleviated itches allokinesis improving inflammation model. protective persistent itch mediated direct modulation sensory TRP channels neuropeptide production neurons.25 Exploring presents novel strategy AD. Type characteristic other disorders, including rhinosinusitis polyps (CRSwNP). recent study, likely tenascin C type inflammation-related edema, ultimately disease severity CRSwNP. Tenascin matrix metalloproteinase, degradation, advancing our comprehension underlying edema CRSwNP.26 (Th2) activation (Treg) deficiency features disease. Li comment published Immunity, isoform retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) decisive control activation.27, 28 contrast RA-dependent transcriptional nuclear RARs, RA negatively influences RARα plasma membrane, suboptimal enhanced Treg differentiation. Advances driven discovery biologics molecules inflammation. Dupilumab, IgG4 monoclonal antibody IL-4Rα, shown positive feedback ethnic backgrounds. lack real-world big sample size. Yang conducted retrospective, single-center, noncomparative all diagnosed moderate-to-severe treated dupilumab, similar effectiveness dupilumab both quick steady ages.29 Furthermore, upregulation related genes also been observed palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). targeted approach, Zheng administered PPP. Those PPP.30 retrospect, Allergy greater international cooperation communication, extending focus beyond address health challenges. its initial COVID-19 article 19 February 2020, preceding first case Europe.31 ground-breaking suggesting susceptibility SARS-CoV-2 infection,32 marked contribution. contact spread described clinical, laboratory radiology 140 hospitalized Wuhan, High D-dimer, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin follow up. Eosinopenia, together lymphopenia, proposed biomarker worse outcomes. years, studies during stages pandemic comprehensively addressed spectrum relevant questions within context asthma.31 Amid swift evolution artificial intelligence natural language processing, Shu implementation "human-in-the-loop" strategy, asserting profound enhance capabilities large medical enquiry, highlighted issue.33 presented publication aim further advance understanding editors acknowledge continuous efforts field allergies, look forward contributions. Not available. work supported grants National Key R&D Program (2022YFC2504100), Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team (IRT13082), municipal public welfare reform pilot project institutes (JYY2023-1). C. A. Akdis received Swiss Science Foundation, European Union (EU CURE, EU Syn-Air-G), Novartis Institutes (Basel, Switzerland), Stanford University (Redwood City, Calif), Seed Health (Boston, USA), SciBase (Stockholm, Sweden); Co-Chair EAACI Guidelines Environmental Asthma, Chair Epithelial Cell Biology Working Group; Advisory Boards Sanofi/Regeneron (Bern, Switzerland, New York, Sean Parker Asthma Center (CA, Glaxo Smith Kline (Zurich, Bristol-Myers Squibb (New Editor-in-Chief Allergy. support available corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Язык: Английский

---

Polyphenols-rich Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) alleviates ulcerative colitis through restiring the intestinal barrier, gut microbiota and metabolites

Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 468, С. 142391 - 142391

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP): Evidence in Respiratory Epithelial-driven Diseases Including Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Interaction between nasal epithelial cells and Tregs in allergic rhinitis responses to allergen via CCL1/CCR8

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

The airway epithelial barrier is the first defence against aeroallergens. Nasal cells (NECs) are vital in regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity allergic rhinitis (AR). Tregs produce cytokines essential for immunomodulatory activities allergen immunotherapy. Understanding relationship between NECs hyperresponsiveness network developing novel treatments. Using an vitro human Treg-NEC co-culture system of AR health control group, chemokine expression profiles were examined using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, ELISA, functional surface markers detected flow cytometric analysis. Correlation analysis was performed derived from CD4+CD8+Foxp3+ group after co-culture, including TSLP/CTLA4, CCL1/CTLA4, TSLP/CCR8, CCL1/CCR8. CCR8 CTLA-4 expressions co-culturing higher than single culture. Following Derp1 stimulation, TSLP, IL-25 TGF-β + increased. CCL1 mRNA lower group. In TSLP higher, protein levels decreased. There no significant differences IL-25, IL-10. When Treg added, changes similar to that observed pNECs. After CCL1/CCR8 positively correlated AR. Human pNECs can communicate with directly, may be pathway play a key role immune

Язык: Английский

---

Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Asthma, and Gastroesophageal Reflux: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Comorbidity

Allergy medicine., Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100036 - 100036

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---