Trophic Regulations of the Soil Microbiome

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 27(9), С. 771 - 780

Опубликована: Май 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The physical structure of soil: Determinant and consequence of trophic interactions

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 148, С. 107876 - 107876

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2020

Trophic interactions play a vital role in soil functioning and are increasingly considered as important drivers of the microbiome biogeochemical cycles. In last decade, novel tools to decipher structure food webs have provided unprecedent advance describing complex trophic interactions. Yet, major challenge remains understand Evidence suggests that small scale physical may offer unifying framework for understanding nature patterns soils. Here, we review current knowledge how restrictions on organisms' ability sense access resources/prey inherent essentially shape We focus primarily organisms unable deform create pores themselves, such bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes microarthropods, consider pore geometry, connectivity hydration status main descriptors structure. point appears mostly limit sensing accessibility resources/prey, with negative effects bottom up controls. The mechanisms (i) reduced transport molecules, notably volatiles, through matrix (ii) wide presence refuges leading size segregation consumer/predators sources/prey contrasting size. addition, variations water film is suggested central aspect driving encounter probability between consumers/predator source/prey hence locally decrease or increase top-down Constraints imposed by thought be diversity local community assemblage, favoring variety adaptations feed this dark labyrinth (food specialists/flexible/generalists) limiting competitive exclusion limited consumers. conclude possible future ways an interdisciplinary more quantitative research merging physics web ecology.

Язык: Английский

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Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(3), С. 1057 - 1117

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on services. Simultaneous assessment roles multiple is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge feeding habits many insufficient based limited evidence. Over last two decades, molecular, biochemical isotopic tools have improved understanding various soil organisms, yet this still be synthesised into a common framework. Here, we provide comprehensive review consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- macrofauna (invertebrates), soil-associated vertebrates. We integrated existing group classifications findings gained novel methods compiled an overarching classification across focusing key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights strands evidence that commonly used ecology models are types resources. In cases, omnivory observed down species level taxonomic resolution, challenging realism traditional distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, stable isotope, fatty acid DNA gut content analyses, revealed previously hidden facets trophic relationships consumers, assimilation, multichannel levels, niche differentiation importance alternative food/prey, well transfers compartments. Wider adoption development open interoperable platforms assemble morphological, ecological data will enable refinement expansion multifunctional soil. The serve reference for working changes biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, making research more accessible reproducible.

Язык: Английский

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Towards an ecology of soil microplastics

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 34(3), С. 550 - 560

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2019

Abstract Microplastic pollution is a topic of increasing concern for the world's oceans, freshwaters and, most recently, soils. Microplastics have been found in soils across globe. Like other anthropogenic pollutants, they can negatively affect range soil organisms through several mechanisms, though often dependent on particle size, shape and polymer type. However, microplastics are unique among pollutants due to diversity ways which may themselves be able their occurrence distribution mediate effects rest food web. In this review, we argue more explicitly ecological framing novel issue environment discuss potential interactions with communities, including microplastic formation via microbial faunal fragmentation large plastic debris such as earthworms placing particles pedological contexts could not otherwise reach. Ecological crucial dictating microplastics’ ultimate fate effect terrestrial ecosystems. A free Plain Language Summary within Supporting Information article.

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1691 - 1711

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Язык: Английский

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Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2023

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among most abundant soil arthropods regulating fertility flow energy through above- belowground food webs. However, global distribution springtail diversity density, how these relate to fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate total biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild vertebrates, record peak densities up 2 million individuals per square meter in tundra. Despite 20-fold difference between tundra tropics, use (community metabolism) similar across latitudinal gradient, owing changes temperature with latitude. Neither density nor community metabolism predicted by local species richness, high but comparably some temperate forests even Changes activity may emerge from gradients temperature, predation resource limitation communities. Contrasting relationships biomass, communities suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental metrics different directions, potentially restructuring webs affecting functioning.

Язык: Английский

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A methodological framework to embrace soil biodiversity

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 136, С. 107536 - 107536

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Towards an integrative understanding of soil biodiversity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 95(2), С. 350 - 364

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2019

Soil is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One underlying reasons our poor biodiversity relates to whether key theories (historically developed aboveground aquatic organisms) are applicable Here, present a systematic literature review investigate how (species-energy relationship, theory island biogeography, metacommunity theory, niche neutral theory) can explain observed We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within at which be applied acknowledge scale-dependent nature

Язык: Английский

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Trophic Position of Consumers and Size Structure of Food Webs across Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems

The American Naturalist, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 194(6), С. 823 - 839

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2019

Do large organisms occupy higher trophic levels? Predators are often larger than their prey in food chains, but empirical evidence for positive body mass–trophic level scaling entire webs mostly comes from marine communities on the basis of unicellular producers. Using published data stable isotope compositions 1,093 consumer species, we explored how scales with size, web type (green vs. brown), and phylogenetic group across biomes. In contrast to widespread assumptions, relationship between size consumers—from protists vertebrates—was not significant per se varied among ecosystem types animal groups. The correlation was strong consumers, weak freshwater absent terrestrial which also observed at scale local webs. Vertebrates occupied positions invertebrates, green chains were longer brown ones aquatic (primarily marine) Variations top predators suggest that many compartmentalized, implying different dynamics responses perturbations size-structured

Язык: Английский

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Linking size spectrum, energy flux and trophic multifunctionality in soil food webs of tropical land‐use systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 88(12), С. 1845 - 1859

Опубликована: Май 21, 2019

Abstract Many ecosystem functions depend on the structure of food webs, which heavily relies body size spectrum community. Despite that, little is known how soil animals responds to agricultural practices in tropical land‐use systems and these responses affect functioning. We studied land‐use‐induced changes below‐ground communities lowland ecosystems Sumatra (Jambi province, Indonesia), a hot spot rainforest conversion into rubber oil palm plantations. The study included ca. 30,000 measured individuals from 33 high‐order taxa meso‐ macrofauna spanning eight orders magnitude mass. Using individual masses, we calculated metabolism trophic guilds used web models calculate energy fluxes infer functions, such as decomposition, herbivory, primary intraguild predation. Land‐use change was associated with reduced abundance taxonomic diversity invertebrates, but strong increase total biomass moderate flux. These were due increased large‐sized decomposers soil, particular earthworms, their share community increasing 11% 59%–76% jungle rubber, Decomposition, that flux decomposers, stayed unchanged, predation decreased by an order plantation systems. Intraguild very important, being responsible for 38% according our model. Conversion monoculture plantations uneven loss classes levels invertebrates resulting sequestration consumers restricted higher levels. Pronounced differences between reflect sensitivity animal changes. Soil sustained high despite biodiversity. large low other suggests multifunctionality compromised

Язык: Английский

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