Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

Plants People Planet, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(5), С. 421 - 445

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants highlighting key neglected underutilized species (NUS), we attempt unlock plant resources explore role fungi, which along with wealth traditional knowledge about their uses practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection environment continued delivery its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range user communities, including scientists, conservation development organizations, policymakers, public importance biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As world's population increasing, humanity facing both shortages (hunger) excesses (obesity) calorie nutrient intakes. fundamental addressing this double challenge, involves far understanding resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 species, in broad taxonomic sense, includes 7,014 vascular plants. striking contrast small handful crops provide majority humanity's intake. Most these have additional uses, most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), environmental (40%). Species major display centers diversity, as previously proposed, rest follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly total higher richness lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation Nature Red List assessments 30% plants, ca. 86% them conserved ex situ. However, 11% those recorded threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS from different regions world, be more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, how fungi diversify increase nutritional value our diets. NUS, offer largely untapped resource agriculture. natural unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders vital.

Язык: Английский

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The seed germination spectrum of alpine plants: a global meta‐analysis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(6), С. 3573 - 3586

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020

Summary Assumptions about the germination ecology of alpine plants are presently based on individual species and local studies. A current challenge is to synthesise, at global level, seed ecological spectrum. We performed a meta‐analysis primary data from laboratory experiments conducted across four continents (excluding tropics) 661 species, estimate influence six environmental cues proportion, mean time synchrony; accounting for morphology (mass, embryo : ratio) phylogeny. Most show physiological dormancy, strong need cold stratification, warm‐cued positive responses light alternating temperatures. Species restricted belt have higher preference warm temperatures stronger response stratification than whose distribution extends also below treeline. Seed mass, size phylogeny constraining effects environment. Globally, overwintering key drivers in habitats. The interplay between physiology morphological traits further reflects pressures avoid frost or drought stress. Our results indicate convergence, patterns species.

Язык: Английский

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Plant behaviour: an evolutionary response to the environment?

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(6), С. 961 - 970

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2020

Plants are not just passive living beings that exist in nature. They complex and highly adaptable species react sensitively to environmental forces/stimuli with movement, morphological changes through the communication via volatile molecules. In a way, plants mimic some traits of animal human behaviour; they compete for limited resources by gaining more area sunlight spread their roots underground. Furthermore, order survive thrive, evolve 'learn' control various stress factors increase yield flowering, fertilization germination processes. The concept associating behaviour, such as intelligence, is still debatable topic among researchers worldwide. Recent studies have shown able discriminate between positive negative experiences from them. Some botanists interpreted these behavioural data form primitive cognitive Others evaluated responses biological automatisms determined adaptation environment absence intelligence. This review aims explore adaptive aspects plant distributed different ecosystems emphasizing complexity survival instincts.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation of Forest Trees to Rapidly Changing Climate

Forests, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(2), С. 123 - 123

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2020

Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed danger must adapt new survive. Trees respond changes the environment numerous ways. Physiological modulation at seed stage, germination strategy further development influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought heat), including biochemical responses of plants stress, biotic (pathogens insects) related warming. then discus varied adaptations tree such resistance environmental improved an increase temperature, affinity specific fungal symbionts, a wide range tolerance offspring populations occurring continental climate, strategies closely linked ecological niche species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether shaped epigenetics or phenology define role phenotypic plasticity development. have created juxtaposition literature that is useful identifying factors play key roles these processes. compare scientific evidence distribution survival possible due thermal memory with testify trees’ depends on phylogenesis, but this issue still open. It near future will bring us closer understanding mechanisms through which trees stressful conditions, especially context epigenetic long-lived organisms, allow minimize harmful effects climatic events predicting species’ developing solutions assisted migration mitigate consequences phenomena.

Язык: Английский

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Predictability of Biotic Stress Structures Plant Defence Evolution

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(5), С. 444 - 456

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 110(5), С. 1015 - 1021

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2021

Abstract Contrasts of differences within plant species and ecotypes are often best examined in ecology, evolution genetics through provenance biogeographical comparisons. Climate adaptation studies plants no exception benefit from experiments that use these sets factors. Reciprocal common gardens a tool used to test for local different contexts including climate. A synthesis intraspecific tests climate was compile over 200 explored the relative efficacy this ecology change. Exclusion criteria were applied review literature specific explicitly climate, reciprocity total 70 independent instances. meta‐analysis consistency significance detecting categories traits tested by transplanting seeds or seedlings. This provides clear evidence change because all significant effect size estimates positive, relatively large, both seed seedling transplants demonstrated consistent adaptation. Emergence germination responses transplant growth biomass provided particularly strong support. Synthesis . highly effective experimental design ecotypic differentiation Nonetheless, we propose future clearly define whether being garden enable syntheses discovery, highlight need reciprocal climatic continued capacity response divergent selection processes many species.

Язык: Английский

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The climatic challenge: Which plants will people use in the next century?

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 170, С. 103872 - 103872

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Global seed dormancy patterns are driven by macroclimate but not fire regime

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(2), С. 555 - 564

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Summary Seed dormancy maximizes plant recruitment in habitats with variation environmental suitability for seedling establishment. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive synthesis of the macroecological drivers nondormancy and different classes seed dormancy: physiological dormancy, morphophysiological physical dormancy. We examined current geographic patterns correlates global variation. Combining most updated data set on > 10 000 species 4 million georeferenced occurrences covering all world's biomes, test how this distribution is driven by climate fire regime. prevalent seasonally cold dry climates. Physiological occurs relatively climates high temperature seasonality (e.g. temperate grasslands). Morphophysiological more common forest‐dominated, biomes comparatively evenly distributed precipitation. Physical associated strong seasonal precipitation fluctuations deserts savannas). Nondormancy stable, warm wetter tropical rain forest). Pyroclimate had no significant effect The considered study low predictive power, suggesting that macroclimate just one several

Язык: Английский

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Genomics empowering conservation action and improvement of celery in the face of climate change

Planta, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 259(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The potential of seedbank digital information in plant conservation

Plants People Planet, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Societal Impact Statement Seedbanks are vital for biodiversity conservation, but their potential remains underutilised due to a limited understanding of the intraspecific genetic diversity they hold. By leveraging digitised data associated with seedbank collections, such as sampling locations, number maternal plants and seed traits, we can attempt estimation variation identify gaps in enabling better prioritisation species conservation efforts. These advancements inform policy targets like those Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, promoting more effective strategies. Digitisation emerging machine‐learning technologies offer scalable, cost‐efficient solutions enhance knowledge, ensuring resilience future generations. Summary Seedbank collections hold significant untapped advancing science practice, (i.e. within species) stored worldwide largely unknown, hindering use seeds both informing implementing situ interventions. As producing is time‐consuming expensive, other greatly our when unavailable. Information location sites, estimated population size mother from which were collected facilitate captured collections. This information also be used estimate effort required fill represent diversity, through comparison existing baselines where characterised, simulations. makes approaches above practicable at scale. In addition, digital images themselves may phenotypic can, therefore, prioritise populations studies. this article, explore made available by seedbanks improving preserved We describe possible improvements that might predictive power studies, discuss challenges opportunities these.

Язык: Английский

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