Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 421 - 445

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants highlighting key neglected underutilized species (NUS), we attempt unlock plant resources explore role fungi, which along with wealth traditional knowledge about their uses practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection environment continued delivery its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range user communities, including scientists, conservation development organizations, policymakers, public importance biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As world's population increasing, humanity facing both shortages (hunger) excesses (obesity) calorie nutrient intakes. fundamental addressing this double challenge, involves far understanding resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 species, in broad taxonomic sense, includes 7,014 vascular plants. striking contrast small handful crops provide majority humanity's intake. Most these have additional uses, most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), environmental (40%). Species major display centers diversity, as previously proposed, rest follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly total higher richness lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation Nature Red List assessments 30% plants, ca. 86% them conserved ex situ. However, 11% those recorded threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS from different regions world, be more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, how fungi diversify increase nutritional value our diets. NUS, offer largely untapped resource agriculture. natural unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders vital.

Language: Английский

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The seed germination spectrum of alpine plants: a global meta‐analysis

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(6), P. 3573 - 3586

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Summary Assumptions about the germination ecology of alpine plants are presently based on individual species and local studies. A current challenge is to synthesise, at global level, seed ecological spectrum. We performed a meta‐analysis primary data from laboratory experiments conducted across four continents (excluding tropics) 661 species, estimate influence six environmental cues proportion, mean time synchrony; accounting for morphology (mass, embryo : ratio) phylogeny. Most show physiological dormancy, strong need cold stratification, warm‐cued positive responses light alternating temperatures. Species restricted belt have higher preference warm temperatures stronger response stratification than whose distribution extends also below treeline. Seed mass, size phylogeny constraining effects environment. Globally, overwintering key drivers in habitats. The interplay between physiology morphological traits further reflects pressures avoid frost or drought stress. Our results indicate convergence, patterns species.

Language: Английский

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Plant behaviour: an evolutionary response to the environment?

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 961 - 970

Published: June 19, 2020

Plants are not just passive living beings that exist in nature. They complex and highly adaptable species react sensitively to environmental forces/stimuli with movement, morphological changes through the communication via volatile molecules. In a way, plants mimic some traits of animal human behaviour; they compete for limited resources by gaining more area sunlight spread their roots underground. Furthermore, order survive thrive, evolve 'learn' control various stress factors increase yield flowering, fertilization germination processes. The concept associating behaviour, such as intelligence, is still debatable topic among researchers worldwide. Recent studies have shown able discriminate between positive negative experiences from them. Some botanists interpreted these behavioural data form primitive cognitive Others evaluated responses biological automatisms determined adaptation environment absence intelligence. This review aims explore adaptive aspects plant distributed different ecosystems emphasizing complexity survival instincts.

Language: Английский

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Adaptation of Forest Trees to Rapidly Changing Climate

Forests, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed danger must adapt new survive. Trees respond changes the environment numerous ways. Physiological modulation at seed stage, germination strategy further development influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought heat), including biochemical responses of plants stress, biotic (pathogens insects) related warming. then discus varied adaptations tree such resistance environmental improved an increase temperature, affinity specific fungal symbionts, a wide range tolerance offspring populations occurring continental climate, strategies closely linked ecological niche species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether shaped epigenetics or phenology define role phenotypic plasticity development. have created juxtaposition literature that is useful identifying factors play key roles these processes. compare scientific evidence distribution survival possible due thermal memory with testify trees’ depends on phylogenesis, but this issue still open. It near future will bring us closer understanding mechanisms through which trees stressful conditions, especially context epigenetic long-lived organisms, allow minimize harmful effects climatic events predicting species’ developing solutions assisted migration mitigate consequences phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Predictability of Biotic Stress Structures Plant Defence Evolution

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 444 - 456

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 110(5), P. 1015 - 1021

Published: April 3, 2021

Abstract Contrasts of differences within plant species and ecotypes are often best examined in ecology, evolution genetics through provenance biogeographical comparisons. Climate adaptation studies plants no exception benefit from experiments that use these sets factors. Reciprocal common gardens a tool used to test for local different contexts including climate. A synthesis intraspecific tests climate was compile over 200 explored the relative efficacy this ecology change. Exclusion criteria were applied review literature specific explicitly climate, reciprocity total 70 independent instances. meta‐analysis consistency significance detecting categories traits tested by transplanting seeds or seedlings. This provides clear evidence change because all significant effect size estimates positive, relatively large, both seed seedling transplants demonstrated consistent adaptation. Emergence germination responses transplant growth biomass provided particularly strong support. Synthesis . highly effective experimental design ecotypic differentiation Nonetheless, we propose future clearly define whether being garden enable syntheses discovery, highlight need reciprocal climatic continued capacity response divergent selection processes many species.

Language: Английский

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The climatic challenge: Which plants will people use in the next century?

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 103872 - 103872

Published: Aug. 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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Global seed dormancy patterns are driven by macroclimate but not fire regime

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(2), P. 555 - 564

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Summary Seed dormancy maximizes plant recruitment in habitats with variation environmental suitability for seedling establishment. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive synthesis of the macroecological drivers nondormancy and different classes seed dormancy: physiological dormancy, morphophysiological physical dormancy. We examined current geographic patterns correlates global variation. Combining most updated data set on > 10 000 species 4 million georeferenced occurrences covering all world's biomes, test how this distribution is driven by climate fire regime. prevalent seasonally cold dry climates. Physiological occurs relatively climates high temperature seasonality (e.g. temperate grasslands). Morphophysiological more common forest‐dominated, biomes comparatively evenly distributed precipitation. Physical associated strong seasonal precipitation fluctuations deserts savannas). Nondormancy stable, warm wetter tropical rain forest). Pyroclimate had no significant effect The considered study low predictive power, suggesting that macroclimate just one several

Language: Английский

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The seed germination spectrum of 486 plant species: A global meta-regression and phylogenetic pattern in relation to temperature and water potential

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 346, P. 109865 - 109865

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Proline concentrations in seedlings of woody plants change with drought stress duration and are mediated by seed characteristics: a meta-analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Abstract Proline accumulation represents one of mechanisms used by plants to prevent the adverse consequences water stress. The effects increased proline levels in response drought differ among species. Trees are exposed long-term climate change. reproductive success species a specific environment depends on functional trait tree seeds. We conducted meta-analysis evaluate stress concentrations seedling leaf tissues woody plant and their relationships duration, seed mass, category coniferous/deciduous classification. Drought duration exhibited nonlinear effect accumulations. accumulations is greater for deciduous than coniferous higher orthodox recalcitrant. seedlings large-seeded showed sizes those small-seeded Our results suggest that there an optimum level at which under influence highest. A link between traits, as well classification, during were determined first time. may help identify high-quality seeds trees reforestation.

Language: Английский

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