Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 30, 2023
Abstract
A
major
textbook
on
running
waters,
promoting
understanding
of
the
nature
rivers
as
ecosystems,
and
detailing
biodiversity
natural
history
their
biota.
The
book
takes
a
primarily
biological
approach
to
river
ecology,
dealing
with
scientific
questions
about
but
referring
throughout
possible
applications
approaches
management.
notion
habitat
templet
refers
suite
environmental
factors
that
face
lotic
organisms
adaptations
traits
enable
survival
in
such
challenging
environments.
How
does
complex,
patchy
whole-river
networks
impinge
population
dynamics
communities?
Species
interactions
food
web
linkages
determine
flow
energy
material
through
communities
lead
ecosystem
processes
metabolism
(the
balance
primary
production
community
respiration)
ecology
nutrients.
stresses
systems
‘open’
exchanging
materials
land
downstream
systems.
can
be
sustainable
part
capital
which
we
all
depend?
In
final
chapter
forward-looking
view
is
progressively
devoted
applied
questions.
Biology
Ecology
Streams
Rivers
seeks
provide
knowledge
necessary
for
their,
our,
future.
We
need
appreciate
‘what
do
us’
reverse
deterioration
waters
an
increasingly
thirsty,
hungry
changing
world.
Limnology and Oceanography,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
66(2), С. 289 - 305
Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2020
Abstract
Gelatinous
zooplankton
can
be
present
in
high
biomass
and
taxonomic
diversity
planktonic
oceanic
food
webs,
yet
the
trophic
structuring
importance
of
this
“jelly
web”
remain
incompletely
understood.
To
address
knowledge
gap,
we
provide
a
holistic
characterization
jelly
web
eastern
tropical
Atlantic,
based
on
δ
13
C
15
N
stable
isotope
analysis
unique
gelatinous
sample
set.
The
covered
most
isotopic
niche
space
entire
web,
spanning
>
3
levels,
ranging
from
herbivores
(e.g.,
pyrosomes)
to
higher
predators
ctenophores),
highlighting
diverse
functional
roles
broad
possible
relevance
zooplankton.
Among
taxa,
comparisons
niches
pointed
presence
differentiation
resource
partitioning,
but
also
highlighted
potential
for
competition,
e.g.,
between
hydromedusae
siphonophores.
Significant
differences
spatial
(seamount
vs.
open
ocean)
depth‐resolved
patterns
(0–400
m
400–1000
m)
additional
complexity,
raise
questions
about
extent
connectivity
locations
differential
vertical
coupling
groups.
Added
complexity
resulted
inconsistent
ontogenetic
shifts
among
We
conclude
that
by
within
substantial
at
spatial,
depth,
taxon
level
call
more
careful
consideration
models.
In
light
climate
change
fishing
pressure,
data
presented
here
valuable
baseline
against
which
measure
future
observations
communities
Atlantic.
Journal of Animal Ecology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
89(11), С. 2677 - 2691
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2020
Abstract
Animals
employ
various
foraging
strategies
along
their
ontogeny
to
acquire
energy,
and
with
varying
degree
of
efficiencies,
support
growth,
maturation
subsequent
reproduction
events.
Individuals
that
can
efficiently
energy
early
are
more
likely
mature
at
an
earlier
age,
as
a
result
faster
gain
which
fuel
reproduction.
We
aimed
test
the
hypothesis
heritable
resource
acquisition
variation
covaries
efficiency
would
influence
timing
individuals.
To
this
hypothesis,
we
utilized
Atlantic
salmon
model
exhibits
simple,
hence
trackable,
genetic
control
age.
then
monitored
in
diet
(quantified
stomach
fullness
composition)
individuals
different
ages,
linked
it
genomic
regions
(haploblocks)
were
previously
identified
be
associated
age‐at‐maturity.
Consistent
demonstrated
one
life‐history
tested
(s
ix6
)
was
indeed
age‐dependent
differences
fullness.
Prey
composition
marginally
six6
,
suggestively
(but
non‐significantly)
vgll3
regions.
further
showed
switched
so‐called
‘feast
famine’
strategy
ontogeny,
where
older
age
groups
exhibited
heavier
content,
but
came
expense
running
on
empty
often.
These
results
suggest
underlying
utilization
may
explain
basis
structure
salmon.
Given
ontogenetic
has
component
strong
spatial
diversity
these
regions,
predict
populations
diverse
will
have
evolutionary
responses
future
changes
marine
food
web
structures.
Journal of Animal Ecology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
92(5), С. 957 - 964
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2023
Abstract
Stream‐dwelling
communities
are
expected
to
show
a
gradual
replacement
of
the
dominant
feeding
types
following
type
resources
found
along
river
continuum.
Yet,
underlying
longitudinal
gradients
in
food
web
structure
and
energy
flow‐paths
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
I
synthesise
novel
research
on
River
Continuum
Concept
(RCC)
identify
promising
areas
for
future
linked
changes
food‐chain
length
mobilisation
routes.
For
example,
links
connectance
should
reach
maximum
values
mid‐order
rivers
then
decrease
mouths
uncovered
diversity
patterns.
Regarding
routes,
fuelling
between
allochthonous
(leaf
litter)
autochthonous
(periphyton)
be
expected.
Beyond
primary
basal
resource
consumer
paths,
other
(e.g.
riparian
arthropod
inputs)
fish
prey)
inputs
subsidising
higher
level
consumers
may
changes,
that
is,
terrestrial
invertebrates
decreasing
but
piscivory
increasing
downstream.
However,
role
these
inputs,
can
alter
predator
niche
variation
have
indirect
community‐based
effects,
both
continuum
is
not
clear
yet.
Incorporating
into
RCC
principles
necessary
broad
understanding
ecosystem
functioning
trophic
riverine
systems,
driving
emergence
insights.
How
function
webs
adapt
physical
biological
environments
represent
challenge
next
generation
stream
ecologists.
Oikos,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
130(10), С. 1679 - 1691
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021
Competition
is
assumed
to
shape
niche
widths,
affecting
species
survival
and
coexistence.
Expectedly,
high
interspecific
competition
will
reduce
population
whereas
intraspecific
do
the
opposite.
Here
we
test
in
situ
how
intra‐
affects
trophic
resource
use
individual
widths
of
two
lacustrine
fish
species,
Arctic
charr
brown
trout,
covering
a
40
year
study
period
with
highly
contrasting
competitive
impacts
prior
following
large‐scale
culling
experiment.
Initially,
an
overcrowded
dominated
system,
trout
being
nearly
absent.
The
experiment
reduced
littoral
density
by
80%,
whereupon
gradually
increased
its
system.
Thus,
over
period,
went
from
low
competition,
followed
increasing
trout.
As
hypothesized,
relaxed
experimental
diet
specialization
compressed
width
charr.
During
initial
increase
population,
there
was
large
dietary
overlap
between
species.
Over
subsequent
intensified
build‐up
their
chiefly
declined
due
shift
towards
enhanced
zooplankton
consumption.
Contrary
theoretical
expectations,
competition.
In
contrast,
remained
stable
time,
confirming
superiority.
associated
long‐term
research
revealed
pronounced
temporal
dynamics
inferior
competitor,
substantiating
that
have
on
niches.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022
Redfish
(
Sebastes
mentella
and
S.
fasciatus
)
are
back
at
spectacular
record
high
levels
in
the
Gulf
of
St.
Lawrence
(GSL)
effects
this
massive
resurgence
on
other
components
food
web
remain
largely
unknown.
To
better
understand
trophic
implications
surging
redfish
biomass
within
GSL
ecosystem,
3,690
stomachs
containing
were
collected
during
two
periods:
one
characterised
by
low
abundance
(1993–1999)
a
period
(2015–2019).
Taxonomical
analysis
stomach
contents
from
individuals
different
sizes
three
subareas
was
carried
out
to
determine
diet
composition
both
periods.
Zooplankton
represented
main
prey
category
for
small
(<
20
cm),
which
driven
predation
amphipods,
mostly
Themisto
sp.
North-East
Gulf,
1990s
copepods
genus
Calanus
deep
channels
euphausiids
North-West
2010s.
still
dominated
medium
(20–30
cm)
while
predominant
Shrimp
consumption
increased
with
size
species
particularly
important
large
(≥
30
pink
glass
shrimp
Pasiphaea
multidentata
),
Laurentian
Channel
northern
Pandalus
borealis
especially
Gulf.
represents
major
concern
dynamics
supports
valuable
fishery
but
has
been
declining
since
several
years.
Piscivory
observed
diet,
capelin
Mallotus
villosus
being
fish
(cannibalism)
2010s,
suggesting
density-dependent
control
density
redfish.
By
presenting
detailed
overview
into
its
temporal
variability,
present
study
offers
first
look
possible
future
impacts
resurging
groundfish
ecosystem.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024
Tuna
has
a
cost-effective
energy
supply
to
support
the
regional
endothermic
and
high-speed
swimming
performance.
The
gut
symbiotic
microbiotas
their
metabolites
play
essential
roles
in
tuna's
diet
digestion,
absorption,
acquirement,
which
are
often
highly
related
ontogenetic
development
of
tuna.
We
compared
microbial
compositions
metabolites,
as
well
mRNA
expression
intestine
between
juvenile
adult
yellowfin
tuna
using
16S
rRNA
sequencing,
metabolomic
transcriptomic,
respectively.
results
revealed
that
adults
had
significantly
higher
diversity
abundance
Acinetobacter
than
juveniles.
Regarding
microbiota-derived
fatty
acids,
especially
glycerophospholipid
sphingolipid,
were
enriched
Moreover,
short-chain
acid
(butyrate
isobutyrate)
contents
To
find
relationship
host
physiology,
intestinal
transcriptome
analysis
demonstrated
pathways
differential
genes
(DEGs)
lipid
metabolism
pathway,
including
"fat
digestion
absorption,"
"cholesterol
metabolism,"
"steroid
hormone
biosynthesis,"
"glycerolipid
"glycerophospholipid
metabolism."
However,
protein
absorption
pancreatic
secretion
conjoint
indicated
both
(DMs)
DEGs
remarkably
regulation
glycerophospholipids
tunas.
This
study
highlights
role
fish
nutrition
metabolism.
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
view
shifts
on
health
function
marine
species.
Journal of Zoology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
320(1), С. 18 - 28
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2023
Abstract
Body
condition
refers
to
an
array
of
physiological
or
nutritious
states
in
animals,
but
body
is
typically
measured
using
a
single
metric
animal
behavior
studies.
In
this
paper,
we
conducted
three‐day
laboratory
study
evaluate
whether
metrics
affected
movement
wild‐caught
creek
chub
(
Semotilus
atromaculatus
)
at
16
and
22°C.
Movement
was
counted
between
two
circular
tanks
connected
by
straight
corridor,
which
equipped
with
pair
passive
integrated
transponder
antennas.
Fish
most
frequent
during
periods
darkness
simulated
photoperiod,
more
mobile
individuals
consistently
moved
frequently
across
the
3
days.
general,
better
were
than
those
poorer
condition,
different
degrees.
Specifically,
per
cent
weight
loss
dry
matter
content
(ratio
wet
versus
dehydrated
weight)
predictors
weight‐at‐length,
used
as
surrogate
animals.
addition,
length
interacted
affect
fish
movement,
where
smaller
significantly
that
larger
individuals.
effects
on
activity
similar
This
demonstrates
may
not
always
certain
way.
need
be
carefully
selected
when
context
behavior,
should
tested
feasible.
Journal of Fish Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
102(5), С. 1049 - 1066
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023
In
the
northern
Gulf
of
St.
Lawrence
(nGSL),
redfish
(Sebastes
mentella
and
Sebastes
fasciatus
combined)
are
at
record
levels
abundance
following
strong
recruitment
three
consecutive
cohorts
in
2011-2013
have
become
by
far
most
abundant
demersal
fish
region.
Understanding
trophic
relationships
is
essential
for
effective
management
conservation
species
nGSL
ecosystem.
To
date,
description
quantification
diet
region
been
restricted
to
conventional
stomach
content
analysis
(SCA).
Using
fatty
acid
(FA)
profiles
as
complementary
dietary
tracers,
authors
conducted
multivariate
analyses
on
350
livers
which
were
collected
combination
with
contents
during
a
bottom-trawl
scientific
survey
August
2017.
The
predator
FA
compared
those
eight
different
prey
types
identified
important
SCA.
Results
suggested
similitude
between
SCA
results,
zooplankton
being
more
related
small
(<20
cm)
medium
(20-30
(16:1n7,
20:1n?,
22:1n9
20:5n3)
than
large
(≥30
ones,
whereas
shrimp
seemed
size
classes
(18:2n6
22:6n3)
relative
ones.
Although
offers
glimpse
only
based
recently
consumed
prey,
provides
mid-term
view
indicating
pelagic
consumption
calanoid
copepod
confirming
high
predation
pressure
shrimp.
This
study
constitutes
first
attempt
combining
assess
redfish,
highlights
benefits
qualitative
tool
suggests
improvements
future
studies.
Tyrannosaurids
were
large
carnivorous
dinosaurs
that
underwent
major
changes
in
skull
robusticity
and
body
proportions
as
they
grew,
suggesting
occupied
different
ecological
niches
during
their
life
span.
Although
adults
commonly
fed
on
dinosaurian
megaherbivores,
the
diet
of
juvenile
tyrannosaurids
is
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
describe
a
remarkable
specimen
Gorgosaurus
libratus
preserves
articulated
hindlimbs
two
yearling
caenagnathid
inside
its
abdominal
cavity.
The
prey
selectively
dismembered
consumed
separate
feeding
events.
This
predator-prey
association
provides
direct
evidence
an
ontogenetic
dietary
shift
tyrannosaurids.
Juvenile
individuals
may
have
hunted
small
young
until
reached
size
when,
to
satisfy
energy
requirements,
transitioned
megaherbivores.
both
mesopredator
apex
predator
roles
span,
factor
been
key
evolutionary
success.