Successional theories

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(6), С. 2049 - 2077

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession needed to predict will respond land‐use design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite century conceptual advances comprehensive successional theory lacking. Here we provide an overview 19 theories (‘models’) their key points, group them based similarity, explain development ideas suggestions move forward. Four groups models can be recognised. The first ( patch & plants ) focuses at the level consists three subgroups that originated early 20th century. One subgroup processes (dispersal, establishment, performance) operate sequentially during succession. Another emphasises individualistic responses succession, this driven by traits. last vegetation structure underlying demographic second provides more holistic view considering ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, processes. third landscape considers larger spatial scale includes effect surrounding matrix as distance neighbouring patches determines potential for seed dispersal, quality abundance composition sources biotic dispersal vectors. fourth socio‐ecological systems human component focusing where management practices have long‐lasting legacies pathways regrowing vegetations deliver range services local global stakeholders. four differ (patch, landscape) organisational (plant species, system), increase scope, reflect increasingly broader perspective time. They coincide approximately with periods prevailing time, although all views still coexist. are: (from 1910 onwards) was seen through lens replacement; communities 1965 when there succession; landscapes 2000 realised strongly impact pathways, increased remote‐sensing technology allowed better quantification context; people 2015 societal drivers strong effects are important well‐being, most successful done people. Our review suggests hierarchical framework Pickett best starting point forward already several factors, flexible, enabling application different systems. mainly replacement could improved occurring scales (population, community, integrating recent developments other models: (landscape, region), temporal (ecosystem centuries, evolution), taking (landscape integrity composition, disperser community) factors (previous current intensity) into account. Such new, tested using combination empirical research, experiments, process‐based modelling novel tools. Applying seres across broadscale environmental disturbance gradients allows insight what matter under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive framework for vegetation succession

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Succession is defined as a directional change in species populations, the community, and ecosystem at site following disturbance. fundamental concept ecology it links different disciplines. An improved understanding of succession urgently needed Anthropocene to predict widespread effects global on recovery, but comprehensive successional framework (CSF) lacking. A CSF synthesize results, draw generalizations, advance theory, make decisions for restoration. We first show that an integral part socio‐ecological system dynamics driven by social ecological factors operating spatial scales, ranging from patch globe. then present local scale (patch landscape) which takes place explain underlying processes mechanisms scale. The reflects increasingly broader perspective includes recent theoretical advances not only focusing replacement also development, considering system, taking effect past current land use, landscape context, biotic interactions, feedback loops into account. discuss how can be used integrate studies, its implications

Язык: Английский

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Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(49)

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021

Significance Tropical forests disappear rapidly through deforestation but also have the potential to regrow naturally a process called secondary succession. To advance successional theory, it is essential understand how these and their assembly vary across broad spatial scales. We do so by synthesizing continental-scale patterns in succession using functional trait approach. show that start pathway of varies with climatic water availability. In dry forests, driven drought tolerance traits wet shade traits. Based on principles, we propose an ecologically sound strategy improve active forest restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Linking land-use and land-cover transitions to their ecological impact in the Amazon

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 119(27)

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2022

Human activities pose a major threat to tropical forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. Although the impacts of deforestation are well studied, multiple land-use land-cover transitions (LULCTs) occur in landscapes, we do not know how LULCTs differ their rates or on key components. Here, quantified 18 three components (biodiversity, carbon, soil), based variables collected from 310 sites Brazilian Amazon. Across all LULCTs, was most affected component, followed by carbon stocks, but magnitude change differed widely among individual variables. Forest clearance for pasture prevalent high-impact transition, also identified other with high impact lower prevalence (e.g., agriculture). Our study demonstrates importance considering understand consequences human landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Measuring forest health at stand level: A multi-indicator evaluation for use in adaptive management and policy

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 150, С. 110225 - 110225

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Assessments of forest ecosystem health for use in adaptive management need an integrative multi-indicator examination at the stand scale. To assess health, we exained multiple indicators including diversity, age structure, regeneration, and edaphic factors dominant associated tree species their natural habitats. A stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to gather vegetation samples from five main types Zabarwan Mountain Range—Acacia (ACFT), Broad leaved (BLFT), Oak (OKFT), Pinus wallichiana (PWFT), Scrub (SRFT). The Pearson method canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were investigate relationship between factors. total 22 found, which 13 exotic 9 native. proportion highest OKFT (85%), followed by BLFT (75%), least (50%) SRFT. type had Shannon diversity while lowest ACFT have significantly higher indexes than other types. Based on density-girth class distribution, & SRFT showed Inverse-J distribution pattern, indicating a stable population structure. species, such as Populus alba BLFT, demonstrated comparatively no whereas Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana SRFT, PWFT, Quercus robur OKFT, Robinia pseudoacacia adequate regeneration performance. Overall pseudoacacia, Prunus cerasifera, Celtis australis, Ailanthus altissima high/sufficient average seedling/tree value all area 2.14, with (3.61) (0.71). In CCA it that forests greatly influenced salinity organic carbon, comparable habitat preferences mutually electrical conductance phosphorus availability. cerasifera only positively available calcium. By combining data numerous field-based into single integrated study, our research will give decision-makers update forest's current anticipated health.

Язык: Английский

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Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 928 - 949

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant–environment feedback dynamics drive directional change in the plant community. commonly studied loops are those which regrowth community causes changes to abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic dispersers) environment, differentially affect species availability performance. This, turn, leads shifts composition However, there many other PE that potentially succession, each can be considered model succession. While generate predictable successional trajectories, generally observed highly variable. Factors contributing this variability stochastic processes involved dynamics, such as individual mortality seed dispersal, extrinsic not affected but do performance availability. Both lead variation identity dominant within communities. further contingencies if these differ their effect on environment (priority effects). Predictability thus intrinsically linked features ecological We present new conceptual framework integrates propositions discussed above. This defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance land‐use, factors, availability, performance, When loop, when not, they create trajectories dynamics. proposed provides guide for linking into causal pathways represent specific Our represents systematic approach identifying main at different stages. It used comparisons among study sites along environmental gradients, conceptualise studies, formulation research questions design field studies. Mapping an extensive onto our revealed representing study's empirical outcomes had important differences, underlining need move beyond currently dominate fields find ways examine importance interactions alternative To aim, we argue integrating long‐term studies across anthropogenic combined with controlled experiments dynamic modelling.

Язык: Английский

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Biomass recovery along a tropical forest succession: Trends on tree diversity, wood traits and stand structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 555, С. 121709 - 121709

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Persistent Effects of Landscape Context on Recruitment Dynamics During Secondary Succession of Tropical Forests

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Large‐scale reforestation is promoted as an important strategy to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. A persistent challenge for efforts restore ecosystems at scale how accelerate ecological processes, particularly natural regeneration. Yet, despite being recognized barrier the recovery of diverse plant communities in tropical agricultural landscapes, impacts dispersal limitation on regeneration secondary forests—and especially this changes these forests grow older—are still poorly studied. In a region where animals have been shown be dominant seed dispersers, we evaluate proximity connected network narrow streamside strips forest (SSF) recruitment 1–40‐year‐old forests. We used 8 years annual census data from 45 sites with paired plots, one directly adjoining SSF other further uphill (henceforth “landscape context”), null model approach test effects SSFs basal area, while accounting variation soil, topography, distance between plots stand structure. general, found that landscape context affects multiple aspects recruitment, including species diversity proportion rarer less‐widely distributed among recruits. Unexpectedly, effect did not weaken over time, fast increase area diversity. This suggests development first decades succession may sufficient attract disperse tree species. Our results provide empirical evidence guide restoration initiatives landscapes regions, principally prioritizing corridor networks along streams, also highlighting knowledge gap about restoring animal dispersers

Язык: Английский

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Reassembly of a tropical rainforest: A new chronosequence in the Chocó tested with the recovery of tree attributes

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract From hunting and foraging to clearing land for agriculture, humans modify forest biodiversity, landscapes, climate. Forests constantly undergo disturbance–recovery dynamics, understanding them is a major objective of ecologists conservationists. Chronosequences are useful tool global restoration efforts. They represent space‐for‐time substitution approach suited the quantification resistance ecosystem properties withstand disturbance resilience these until reaching pre‐disturbance levels. Here, we introduce newly established chronosequence with 62 plots in active cacao plantations pastures, early late regeneration, old‐growth forests extremely wet Chocó rainforest. Plots were located across 200‐km 2 area, total area 95 km within 1‐km radius. Our covers largest compared others Neotropics 15.5 ha. ranged from 159 615 m above sea level forested landscape 74% ± 2.8% cover radius including substantial cover. Land‐use legacy regeneration time not confounded by elevation. We tested how six structure variables (maximum tree height dbh, basal number stems, vertical vegetation heterogeneity, light availability), aboveground biomass (AGB), rarefied species richness change along our chronosequence. Forest variables, AGB, increased predicted reach similar levels those forests. Compared previous work Neotropics, Canandé accumulate high AGB that takes one spans reported recovery. comprises pools, regenerating forests, has higher than other Neotropical chronosequences. Hence, can be used determine recovery stability (resistance resilience) different taxa functions, interaction networks. This integrative effort will ultimately help understand most diverse on planet recovers large‐scale disturbances.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers and benefits of natural regeneration in tropical forests

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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