Coral reefs benefit from reduced land–sea impacts under ocean warming

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 621(7979), С. 536 - 542

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2023

Coral reef ecosystems are being fundamentally restructured by local human impacts and climate-driven marine heatwaves that trigger mass coral bleaching mortality1. Reducing can increase resistance to recovery from bleaching2. However, resource managers lack clear advice on targeted actions best support reefs under climate change3 sector-based governance means most land- sea-based management efforts remain siloed4. Here we combine surveys of change with a unique 20-year time series land-sea encompassed an unprecedented heatwave in Hawai'i. Reefs increased herbivorous fish populations reduced land-based impacts, such as wastewater pollution urban runoff, had positive cover trajectories predisturbance. These also experienced modest reduction mortality following severe heat stress compared enhanced impacts. Scenario modelling indicated simultaneously reducing results three- sixfold greater probability having high reef-builder four years postdisturbance than if either occurred isolation. International protect 30% Earth's land ocean 2030 underway5. Our reveal integrated could help achieve coastal conservation goals provide the opportunity persist our changing climate.

Язык: Английский

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New global area estimates for coral reefs from high-resolution mapping

Cell Reports Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(2), С. 100015 - 100015

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Coral reefs underpin the environmental, social, and economic fabrics of much world's tropical coast. Yet, fine-scale distribution composition coral have never been reported consistently across planet. Here, we present new area estimates enabled by global geomorphic zone benthic substrate maps at 5 m pixel resolution. We revise reef to 348,361 km2 shallow 80,213 (46,237–106,319 km2, 95% confidence interval) habitat. The mapping used more than 1.5 million training samples supported 480+ data contributions deploy a classification over 100 trillion pixels from Sentinel-2 satellites Planet Dove CubeSat constellation. publicly available are accessible via Allen Atlas Google Earth Engine already being thousands people improve conservation, management, research ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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An assessment of people living by coral reefs over space and time

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(23), С. 7139 - 7153

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2022

Human populations near ecosystems are used as both a proxy for dependency on ecosystems, and conversely to estimate threats. Consequently, the number of people living coral reefs is often in regional reef management, evaluation risk at global scales, even considerations funding needs. their statistics, ever-changing data relating have not been updated regularly. Here, we present an up-to-date analysis abundance, density within 5-100 km along with population proportion, using freely available sets replicable methods. We trends changes human over 20-year time period (2000-2020), divided by region country, socio-economic denominations such country income category Small Island Developing States (SIDS). find that across 117 countries there currently close billion 100 (~13% population) compared 762 million 2000. Population growth higher than averages. The Indian Ocean saw 33% increase 71% 5 km. There 60 100% reefs. In SIDS, proportion total extremely high: 94% 2020. 5-10 from 4× average. From km, more lower-middle-income live any other category. Our findings provide most extensive statistics nation-level differences play large role health survival.

Язык: Английский

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Oceanic differences in coral-bleaching responses to marine heatwaves

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 871, С. 162113 - 162113

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Anomalously high ocean temperatures have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration over the last several decades because of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming marine heatwaves. Reef-building corals are sensitive to such temperature anomalies commonly lead coral bleaching, mortality, changes community structure. Yet, despite these overarching effects, there geographical differences thermal regimes, evolutionary histories, past disturbances may different bleaching responses within among oceans. Here we examined overall Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, using both a spatially explicit Bayesian mixed-effects model deep-learning neural-network model. We used 40-year dataset encompassing 23,288 coral-reef surveys at 11,058 sites 88 countries, from 1980 2020. Focusing on ocean-wide assessed relationships between percentage bleached temperature-related metrics alongside suite environmental variables. found while sea-surface were consistently, strongly, related all oceans, clear most For instance, was an increase with depth Atlantic Ocean whereas opposite observed Indian Ocean, no trend could be seen Ocean. The standard deviation thermal-stress negatively but not Globally, has progressively occurred higher four although, again, three Together, patterns highlight historical circumstances oceanographic conditions play central role contemporary coral-bleaching responses.

Язык: Английский

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Integrated watershed management solutions for healthy coastal ecosystems and people

Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Tropical coastal ecosystems are in decline worldwide due to an increasing suite of human activities, which threaten the biodiversity and wellbeing that these support. One major drivers is poor water quality from land-based activities. This review summarises evidence impacts ecosystems, particularly coral reefs, sediments, nutrients, chemicals pathogens entering zones through surface groundwater. We also assess how pollutants affect health populations through: (1) enhanced transmission infectious diseases; (2) reduced food availability nutritional deficit fisheries associated with degraded habitat; (3) poisoning consumption contaminated seafood. use this information identify opportunities for holistic approaches integrated watershed management (IWM) target overlapping ill-health downstream people. demonstrate appropriate requires taking a multi-sector, systems approach accounts socio-ecological feedbacks, collaboration required across environmental, agricultural, public health, water, sanitation hygiene sectors, as well land–sea interface. Finally, we provide recommendations key actions IWM can help achieve multiple sustainable development goals both nature people on coasts.

Язык: Английский

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On the Challenges of Identifying Benthic Dominance on Anthropocene Coral Reefs

BioScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73(3), С. 220 - 228

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

The concept of dominance is frequently used to describe changes in rapidly reconfiguring ecosystems, but the definition can vary widely among studies. Using coral reefs as a model, we use extensive benthic composition data explore how variability applying concepts shape perceptions. We reveal that sensitive exclusion key algal groups and categorization other groups, with ramifications for detecting an ecosystem phase shift. For example, ignoring turf inflates hard soft corals habitats underpinning reef ecosystems. need consensus on are applied so build more comprehensive understanding shifts across broad range aquatic terrestrial settings. reefs, highlight benefits inclusive surveys evaluating managing altered states emerging Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics in the coral ecosystems: A threat which needs more global attention

Ocean & Coastal Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 249, С. 107012 - 107012

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Finding genes and pathways that underlie coral adaptation

Trends in Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(3), С. 213 - 227

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of coastal benthic communities in a complex environmental setting

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 203, С. 116462 - 116462

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(1)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Abstract Identifying locations of refugia from the thermal stresses climate change for coral reefs and better managing them is one key recommendations adaptation. We review summarize approximately 30 years applied research focused on identifying to prioritize conservation actions under rapid change. found that currently proposed predicted avoid future losses are highly reliant excess heat metrics, such as degree heating weeks. However, many existing alternative environmental, ecological, life‐history variables could be used identify other types lead desired diversified portfolio reef conservation. To improve priorities reefs, there a need evaluate validate predictions with long‐term field data abundance, diversity, functioning. There also safeguard displaying resistance toprolonged exposure waves ability recover quickly after exposure. recommend using more metrics potential sites can avoid, resist, high ocean temperatures consequences change, thereby shifting past efforts avoidance risk‐spreading strategic in rapidly warming climate.

Язык: Английский

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