The alien Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) impacts forest vegetation and regeneration on the southern slope of the European Alps

Applied Vegetation Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Questions Does the non‐native evergreen Chinese windmill palm ( Trachycarpus fortunei ) affect native plant community and forest regeneration in deciduous forests? Are effects modulated by soil moisture? What are implications for management nature conservation? Location Broadleaved low‐elevation forests on southern slope of Alps across Swiss–Italian border region. Methods We compared herbaceous woody composition, species richness, Shannon diversity abundance at ten sites two moisture conditions (six mesic–moist four mesic–dry sites). Each site consisted three plots measuring 400 m 2 along a gradient T. presence, ranging from “dominant”, to “present but not dominant” “absent”. Results In with high densities , richness plants recruiting herb shrub layers were significantly reduced similar where is absent or dominant. However, these variables did differ between palm‐invaded uninvaded plots. The individuals invaded palms control either type. Conclusions expect detrimental consequences alluvial few more widespread non‐alluvial forests. recommend multifaceted management, including targeted eradication identified as hotspots diversity, accompanied hands‐off forests, recognizing ongoing inevitable “laurophyllisation”; biome shift toward mixed‐evergreen that may increase ecosystem climate resilience under climatic warming.

Язык: Английский

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A bird in the hand: Global‐scale morphological trait datasets open new frontiers of ecology, evolution and ecosystem science

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(3), С. 573 - 580

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

The recent prominence of functional traits in ecological analyses is based on the premise that measurable attributes an organism's phenotype can take us beyond simple lists species and closer to valid tests mechanisms processes (Cadotte et al., 2011). However, full potential trait-based ecology evolutionary biology ultimately constrained by incomplete coverage completeness, particularly case morphological (Etard 2020). Filling these gaps data has proved challenging, with even best-sampled major taxonomic groups—such as vascular plants—still lacking comprehensive measurements for well over 50% worldwide (Hietz 2021; Kattge 2020; Violle 2014). A step now been taken towards addressing this challenge completion datasets containing multiple all 11000 bird (Tobias 2022). goal special issue present wider use alongside a series studies summarising advances analyses, highlighting their application research policy. most widely used macroecological macroevolutionary are categorical variables, mainly including information habitat, life-history or diet (Jones 2009; McLean Wilman These have highly influential, yet overall progress impeded because many relatively crude uninformative, reducing utility indices function (Kohli & Jarzyna, 2021). Moreover, they offer imperfect framework some statistical models phylogenetic since assigned same values distance between categories arbitrary. An obvious solution continuous vastly improve resolution (Chira 2018) metrics community assembly (Blonder 2018; Ricklefs Travis, 1980). To date, availability complete trait largely restricted body mass (Wilman 2014), which only weakly connected (Pigot hawk duck may share size, example, but tells very little about role ecosystem. Analyses more detailed compilations not possible outside few well-studied families, leading variety problems sampling bias inaccurate (Chang Mouillot Tobias Birds best opportunity address number reasons. First, richness (~11,000 species) far lower than plants, instance, offering achievable target. Second, birds distributed across oceans terrestrial biomes, where perform range key services (Şekercioǧlu, 2006). Third, visibility appeal, best-studied clade at global scale, extensive available distribution, abundance, life history almost (Bird Callaghan Sullivan 2014; Pigot, 2019; Fourth, morphology offers classic system investigating novel questions beaks, legs wings provide insight into trophic interactions, locomotion dispersal respectively (Dehling 2016; Trisos, Sheard Indeed, unique specific combinations shown predict characteristics, dietary niche foraging behaviour, greater accuracy alone (Kennedy Pigot al. power was initially established papers communities from 1960 onwards (e.g. Miles Ricklefs, 1984). Although were small samples (see 2022, Figure 1), provided conceptual foundation field 'ecomorphology' (Bock, 1994; Wainwright Reilly, 1994) turn drove subsequent (post-2000) development avian variables. Over last two decades, several groups compiled analysed gradually increasing targeting manageable hundred suboscines: Claramunt, 2010; corvides: Kennedy 2016) local assemblages Manu National Park, Peru: Dehling, Fritz, Bregman, 2016), recently spanning thousands Cooney 2017; Phillips resources until fragmented, raw incompatible unpublished. integrated resource broad utility, managers different joined forces merge work AVONET, compendium morphological, geographical published flagship article AVONET inspired success TRY plant database, potent catalyst high-impact ecosystem science decade (Kattge maximise likelihood similar positive impact, align Open Science principles (Gallagher 2020), released individual specimens averages, without restrictions access. degree, publication marks endpoint personal journey. My fascination began 1980s schoolboy walking tidelines powerlines Northumberland search corpses dismembering. I owe belated debt thanks my mother abiding bedroom shelves skulls cabinets loaded malodorous tarsi. But story extends that, deeper time. first iteration—AVONET 1.0—is truly international effort, vital expertise contributed 115 authors 106 institutions 30 countries. important shifts momentum occurred when project colleagues managing own datasets, Santiago Claramunt (Uruguay), Matthias Schleuning Susanne Fritz (Germany), Carsten Rahbek (Denmark), Gavin Thomas (United Kingdom) Gustavo Bravo (Colombia). common denominator among reliance museum specimens. Across whole, measured Natural History Museum, London American Museum History, New York, smaller further 76 collections Fig. 4). would contributions countless curators, assistants specimen collectors mid-1800s, luminaries them, Charles Darwin, Alfred Russell Wallace, Ernest Shackleton John James Audubon, whom prepared subsequently data. Ultimately, given importance well-preserved material ecology, monument crucial service it provides scientific human society general (Suarez Tsutsui, 2004). Many sources distilled summary contained AVONET. Using resource, anyone extract traits, spatial context any taxon assemblage—indeed, entire radiation extant birds. be fit models, test hypotheses, calculate biodiversity metrics, various dimensions diversity. Comprehensive validity methods increase scale applied. For executed well-sampled clades Drury 2014) also tracts tree (Crouch Tobias, Similarly, using quantify differences no longer limited 2013) applied (Drury Freeman 2022; 2018). feature presented alignment three alternative treatments: BirdLife International, Clements BirdTree In theory, will time-saver users, facilitating integration maps IUCN Red List data, eBird citizen-science (Sullivan phylogeny (Jetz 2012). Interoperability allows array addressed ways. following sections summarise applying fields along horizon-scan emerging opportunities. current 2012) perfect urgently requires update, nonetheless valuable tool analyses. Recent combining phylogenies downloaded elsewhere explored topics, interactions McEntee 2018), Crouch 2022) Benítez-López 2021) driving phenotypic evolution. With rapid ongoing improvement associated toolkit unparalleled template future kind. particular, there scope new wave focused intraspecific variation sex differences, both made open release underlying 90,000 Avian genomics another advancing frontier research, efforts sequence genomes underway (Jarvis, 2016). At rate progress, whole-genome assemblies soon sampled genera (>2000), putting forefront comparative (Stiller Zhang, 2019). play next phase programme, terms providing genome-wide association (GWAS) predictors exploring drivers demographic patterns responses deep time (Nogués-Bravo mapped scales reduced bias. such included gradients dispersal-related (Sheard 2020) island colonisation driver predictable trajectories evolution—the so-called 'island rule' (Benítez-López Further needed explore numerous other putative ecogeographical patterns, Bergmann's Allen's rules, detail. up possibility partitioning effects components phenotype, trophic, locomotory traits. Quantification niches via help illuminate complex (McGill 2006; Trisos well-established connection suggests inferred structure communities. Until recently, approaches estimating sensitive biases Bregman This morphometric 3-d scanning beaks thousand (Hughes 2022), while sufficiently estimate sites Cannon Chapman continental Sol Stewart Movement—or dispersal—is cross-cutting theme relevance biological questions. promising hand-wing index (HWI), metric wing-shape related flight efficiency ability (Claramunt, calculations HWI linear wing (wing chord secondary length). earlier versions demonstrated shaping allopatric speciation (Claramunt build-up alpha diversity 2015). Other ideas fields, (Menezes Palaoro, Stoddard 2017) conservation (Thaxter 2017). updated prove useful model analysis testing hypotheses dispersal, wherein needs accounted for. forecasting under climate change scenarios (Stewart Zooming assemblage-level brings set opportunities focus. relationships validates divergence expansion invasion species. results previous inconclusive, suggesting similarity either constrain promote coexistence (Sol depending context. exploration warranted (HWI) extent overlaps, predictive macroecology biogeography While understanding goal, applications research. Correlative hundreds investigate whether Neate-Clegg techniques developed begun how affected (Bender urbanisation agricultural (Cannon Rurangwa approach give insights turnover states. invasive oceanic islands does offset loss through anthropogenic extinctions (Sayol Similar ripe investigation global-change contexts. impact environmental communities, awareness drive changes particular (Ryding One example idea consistent evolution, selection sizes higher temperatures (Weeks addition metadata, should allow thorough trends, tracked centuries dated Another line involves quantification trait–environment relationships. If then correlative forecast biomes (Boonman Enquist could indeed combination multi-trophic perspective. Trait-matching levels monitor (Schleuning empirical steps target local-scale plants projections (Nowak feasible scale. Assemblage-based incorporate assess impacts threats vary landscape contexts, highlight land-use management practices minimise damage reveal inverse relationship extinction risk, strategies ecosystems effective preventing Diversity plugged multi-level clarify dynamics Purves provision Díaz 2013). paves way rethink indicators. disturbed landscapes compared against undisturbed baselines intactness, calculated partitioned delivering services, seed (by frugivores) pest control invertivores). indicators habitat quality health, untapped commercial governmental policy settings, instance identify offsets (Gamarra nature-based solutions (Seddon Now we appropriate hand, implementing outputs required. Among ambitious visions those proposing fuller resolved quantitative 2013; Tilman 1997). linking metabolic allometric scaling basis theory scaled understand (Enquist objectives brought reach approaches—loosely defined biogeography—involves mapping geographic distribution animal form (Violle uses matching mediated kinds interaction networks, connecting producers plants) consumers birds). Previous assumed (Bregman Töpfer Dehling globally McFadden Finally, network improve, apply develop assessing correlations large (Albrecht Wilkes 1.0 respects, beginning. Progress 2.0 underway, behavioural nearing completion. There plenty improving Deeper area required, dates collection specimens, adaptation changing environments space iterations include spectrum correlated niches, light intensity (predicted eye size; Ausprey thermal constraints plumage colour reflectance; Medina Amassing require collective effort amateur ornithologists: everyone welcome join measurement expanding protocol Supplementary material). Two limitations worth mentioning. quantified simplistic which, capture axes beak shape (length, width depth) accounting subtle aspects like curvature. curvature perhaps irrelevant factor systems, coevolution hummingbird flower corollas (Leimberger Data parameters accessed parallel openly issue: Macrobird database beak-shape on-screen landmarks scans contains extinct species, taxa currently missing. Some gap achieved measuring Sayol bridge fossil focusing comparable tarsus skeletal characters). already unexpected ways, asking what characteristics explain cultural people (Echeverri creative doubt arise rapidly covering wide species-level information. eBird, access millions georeferenced observations worldwide, allowing fine-grained monitoring occurrence population trends (McEntee addition, interface databases demography Salguero-Gómez off horizon, enticing, vision online consisting interconnected interoperable architecture connections animals navigated quantified. fieldwork conducted decades involved collecting expeditions mist-netting surveys. ornithologists. Building efforts, ready-made teaching desk-based lab-based settings. preceding pointers breadth undergraduate post-graduate projects. During lockdowns, seasons, training courses, lab practicals in-person put hold Covid-19 pandemic, global-scale came its own, continue home. PhD projects changed tack redesigned coursework masters modules. uses, students devise conserving gives multi-purpose, lockdown-proof materials internet Major macroevolution catalysed arrival ranges (Orme 2006) near-complete 2012), together allowed identified datasets. revolutionise evolution assembly, informative response By presenting diverse radiation, takes integrative 2011; conjunction re-invigorate (Mouquet 2015), sophisticated corporate strategies, treaties frameworks (Díaz author Ben Freeman, David Nogues-Bravo, Ken Norris, Alex Rob Salguero-Gómez, Eliot Miller, Schleuning, Nathalie Seddon, Catherine feedback discussion.

Язык: Английский

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Where will species on the move go? Insights from climate connectivity modelling across European terrestrial habitats

Journal for Nature Conservation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 66, С. 126139 - 126139

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Intercomparison of global foliar trait maps reveals fundamental differences and limitations of upscaling approaches

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

Foliar traits such as specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations play an important role in plant economic strategies ecosystem functioning. Various global maps of these foliar have been generated using statistical upscaling approaches based on in-situ trait observations.Here, we intercompare upscaled at 0.5° spatial resolution (six for SLA, five N, three P), categorize the used to generate them, evaluate with estimates from a database vegetation plots (sPlotOpen). We disentangled contributions different functional types (PFTs) characterized differences between two metrics: community weighted mean (CWM) top-of-canopy (TWM).We found that SLA N differ drastically fall into groups are almost uncorrelated (for P only one group were available). The primary factor explaining is exclusive use PFT information combined remote sensing-derived land cover products while other mostly relied environmental predictors. impact TWM or CWM patterns was considerably smaller than including information. exhibit considerable similarities strongly driven by cover. not PFTs show lower level similarity tend be individual variables.Overall, better reproduce between-PFT distributions plot-level sPlotOpen data, performed similarly capturing within-PFT variation. Upscaled both moderately correlated grid-cell-level data (R = 0.2-0.6), overall higher correlations N.Our findings highlight importance explicitly accounting within-grid-cell variation, which has implications applications existing future efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial heterogeneity in climate change effects across Brazilian biomes

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024

Abstract We present a methodology designed to study the spatial heterogeneity of climate change. Our approach involves decomposing observed changes in temperature patterns into multiple trend, cycle, and seasonal components within spatio-temporal model. apply this method test hypothesis global long-term trend against trends distinct biomes. Applying methodology, we delve examination change Brazil—a country characterized by spectrum zones. The findings challenge notion revealing presence warming effects, more accelerated for Amazon Cerrado biomes, indicating composition between deforestation determining permanent patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Could Tropical Cyclone Expansion Boost Migration of Temperate Trees to Boreal Forests?

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The poleward expansion of tropical cyclones (TCs) inevitably triggers unprecedented ecological consequences for cool‐temperate and boreal forests, including shifts in species distribution, global carbon dynamics, or forest policies. However, our current understanding the impact TCs' into new regions is limited lacks attention by both, media research community, compared to on (sub‐) forests. Shifts TC activity are expected pose a considerable threat extensive areas globally under climate change. Nevertheless, we suggest that TCs should not only be perceived as destructive weather phenomena but also vehicle (i) facilitating migration temperate southern forests (ii) mitigating change ecosystems. Hence, it vital establish coherent long‐term large‐scale capture unique ongoing (and currently overlooked) processes induced expansion, which may lead complex transition dynamic.

Язык: Английский

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The what, how, and why of trait‐based analyses in ecology

Ecography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Functional diversity is increasingly used alongside taxonomic to describe populations and communities in ecology. Indeed, functional metrics allow researchers summarise complex occupancy patterns space and/or time across response various stressors. In other words, investigating what, how, why something changing an ecosystem by looking at changes of under a certain process through specific mechanism. However, as the methods increases, it often not directly clear which metric more readily appropriate for question. We studied ability different recover signals from processes linked common assembly mechanisms community ecology, such environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, equalising fitness, facilitation. Using both simulated data empirical dataset affected nuanced mechanisms, we tested effectiveness or changes. show that perform differently when trying capture approximations relative no mechanism all (null). For example, competition was harder disentangle null compared facilitation our simulations. This emphasises importance using one‐size‐fits‐all metric. Instead, should carefully consider test whether particular will be effective capturing pattern interest.

Язык: Английский

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First paleoenvironmental calibrations for modern pollen rain of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: A case study of pollen - vegetation functional biogeography of Arid Central Asia

Global and Planetary Change, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 252, С. 104857 - 104857

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Environmental exposure of terrestrial biomes to global climate change: An n‐dimensional approach

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Abstract Terrestrial biomes, defined by unique climatic conditions and evolutionary histories, are increasingly vulnerable to global climate change. This study evaluates the exposure of Earth's 14 terrestrial biomes change characterizing their boundaries using n ‐dimensional probabilistic methods. We analyzed precipitation temperature data from Global 200 project, combined with bioclimatic variables models, assess changes across historical, present, future scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5). Using NicheROVER NicheA, we quantified overlap projected non‐overlapping regions under scenarios. Our results reveal significant specificity in ranges, Flooded Grasslands & Savannas, Tropical Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, Mangroves identified as most exposed biomes. Geographic projections for 2040 highlight high‐exposure near equator, including Neotropics, Central Northern Africa, Southern Asia, Oceania, Antarctica. These intersect 2230 9091 protected areas SSP3‐7.0 SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively. underscores importance enhance ecosystem resilience estimates inform biodiversity conservation strategies. By integrating niche modeling approaches, provide a framework identifying findings emphasize need targeted efforts, policy interventions, fine‐scale analyses mitigate impacts on biodiversity, agriculture, human health. conclude that understanding biome‐specific is critical addressing crisis guiding adaptive management regions.

Язык: Английский

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Wade carefully: water parametrization in structural landscape connectivity modeling

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 40(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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