Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(11), С. 2279 - 2297

Опубликована: Март 16, 2021

Abstract Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand and better predict how forests' biodiversity functions relate to change, need be integrated into ecological research. Despite potentially broad impact of on response forest ecosystems global our understanding within below tree canopies modulate biotic responses change at species, community ecosystem level is still limited. Here, we review spatial temporal variation in result from an interplay features, local water balance, topography landscape composition. We first stress exemplify importance considering across landscapes. Next, explain macroclimate warming (of free atmosphere) can affect microclimates, vice versa, via interactions land‐use changes different biomes. Finally, perform a priority ranking future research avenues interface microclimate ecology biology, specific focus three key themes: (1) disentangling abiotic drivers feedbacks microclimates; (2) regional mapping predictions (3) impacts functioning face change. The availability microclimatic data will significantly increase coming decades, characterizing variability unprecedented scales relevant biological processes This revolutionize dynamics, implications functions, changes. In order support sustainable use forests secure their services for generations, cannot ignored.

Язык: Английский

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Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(22), С. 3690 - 3690

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2020

The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also preserve biodiversity, well improve biodiversity conservation ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches platforms have been used the past enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, objective of characteristics their traits. This contribution provides state-of-the-art review RS-based these traits, by presenting examples aeolian, fluvial, coastal landforms. Different crucial discipline geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing implementation technologies such LiDAR, RADAR, multi-spectral hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products that could future introduced. use spectral traits (ST) trait variation (STV) with geomorphic diversity monitored. We focus on requirements specifically aimed overcoming some key limitations ecological modeling, namely: linking in-situ, close-range, air- spaceborne technologies, science components better understanding impacts complex ecosystems. paper aims impart multidimensional information obtained improved utilization monitoring.

Язык: Английский

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SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperature

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(11), С. 6616 - 6629

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020

Abstract Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate fine spatiotemporal are overlooked. is particularly important relation to effects observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow soil characteristics) habitats varying their exposure radiation, moisture wind topography, radiative forcing or cold‐air pooling). Since organisms living close the ground relate more strongly these microclimatic than free‐air temperatures, near‐surface needed provide realistic forecasts fate such under anthropogenic change, as well functioning ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions SoilTemp, geospatial database initiative compiling all over world. Currently, contains 7,538 sensors 51 countries across key biomes. The will pave way toward an improved global understanding microclimate bridge gap between available relevant ecosystem processes.

Язык: Английский

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ForestTemp – Sub‐canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(23), С. 6307 - 6319

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2021

Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological ecological processes. To improve assessment of climatic climate-change-related impacts forest-floor biodiversity functioning, high-resolution grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series situ near-surface with topographical, variables machine learning model, we predicted mean monthly offset between 15 cm above surface free-air over period 2000-2020 spatial resolution 25 across Europe. This was used to evaluate difference microclimate macroclimate space seasons finally enabled us calculate annual temperatures for European understories. We found air temperatures, being average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower summer 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) winter Additionally, our maps expose considerable variation within landscapes, not gridded products. The provided will enable future model below-canopy processes patterns, well species distributions accurately.

Язык: Английский

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Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Abstract Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why they important? Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. is increasingly used to understand mitigate climate biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status microclimate ecology biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, where this field heading next. investigations We highlight latest research on interactions between organisms, including how influence individuals, through them populations, communities entire ecosystems their processes. also briefly discuss recent organisms shape from tropics poles. applications ecosystem management Microclimates important under change. showcase new with examples conservation, forestry urban ecology. importance microrefugia conservation promote heterogeneity. Methods for advances data acquisition, such as novel sensors remote sensing methods. modelling, mapping processing, accessibility modelling tools, advantages mechanistic statistical solutions computational challenges that have pushed state‐of‐the‐art field. What's next? identify major knowledge gaps need be filled further advancing investigations, These include spatiotemporal scaling data, mismatches macroclimate predicting responses change, more evidence outcomes management.

Язык: Английский

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Microclimate and forest density drive plant population dynamics under climate change

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(8), С. 840 - 847

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 28(11), С. 1578 - 1596

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Abstract Aim Although species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface (LST) in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison sources and performance in SDMs is, however, lacking. Location Northern Scandinavia. Time period 1970–2017. Major taxa studied Higher plants. Methods We evaluated different (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E‐OBS, topoclimate from miniature loggers), differing spatial resolution (from 1″ 0.1°), measurement focus (free‐air, ground‐surface temperature) temporal extent (year‐long versus long‐term averages), used them fit for 50 plant with growth forms a high‐latitudinal mountain region. Results Differences between these originating overshadow effects climatic differences elevational lapse rates ranging −0.6°C per 100 m −0.2°C in‐situ Most importantly, we found that depended on species. The use improved explanatory power our ( R 2 average +16%), especially forbs graminoids +24 +21% average, respectively) compared other sources. Main conclusions suggest future studies using should dataset best reflects ecology species, rather than automatically WorldClim CHELSA.

Язык: Английский

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There is plenty of room at the bottom: microclimates drive insect vulnerability to climate change

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41, С. 63 - 70

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The challenge of novel abiotic conditions for species undergoing climate‐induced range shifts

Ecography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(11), С. 1571 - 1590

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes higher latitudes, elevations or deeper waters. While these shifts allow organisms track niche, three also covary non‐climatic abiotic factors that could pose challenges range‐shifting plants and animals. Such novel conditions present an unappreciated pitfall for researchers – from both empirical predictive viewpoints who study the redistribution of under climate change. Climate, particularly temperature, is often assumed be primary factor in limiting distributions, decades biology research made correlative mechanistic understanding temperature most accessible commonly used response any factor. Receiving far less attention, however, gradients oxygen, light, pressure, pH water availability latitude, elevation, and/or ocean depth, show strong physiological behavioral adaptations variables within historic ranges. Here, we discuss how may disrupt climate‐driven range shifts, as well variety use overcome conditions, emphasizing which taxa limited this capacity. We highlight need scientists extend incorporate non‐climatic, create a more ecologically relevant animals interact environment, face demonstrate additional can integrated into change better inform expectations provide recommendations addressing challenge predicting future environments.

Язык: Английский

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Insect responses to global change offer signposts for biodiversity and conservation

Ecological Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46(4), С. 699 - 717

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2020

1. Insects have emerged as causes célèbres for widespread concern about human effects on global biodiversity. Here, we consider how insects provide opportunities both to understand the ecological of change and enhance environmental conservation. 2. Despite a limited time frame geographic extent quantitative evidence, recent studies changes abundance, distribution, diversity indicate temporally heterogeneous trends which vary among taxa, regions, biotopes. These results suggest a) that insect numbers are responding multiple stressors in wider context fitness, distributions, biotic interactions result from habitat climate change; b) specialists with narrow ranges may be particularly at risk. 3. Predictions based macroecology ecophysiology can tested by combining approaches, including experiments observations over gradients latitude, elevation, urbanization; well innovative analyses data standardised monitoring schemes opportunistic historical collections citizen science. Linking these complementary approaches helps detect mechanisms influencing responses interacting drivers inform 4. The impetus debate provoked high profile reports declines promote conservation, but also obtain comprehensive evidence biodiversity thus develop communicate measures mitigate threats ecosystems change.

Язык: Английский

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