Methods in Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(3), С. 885 - 897
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023
Abstract
Most
statistical
models
of
microclimate
focus
on
the
difference
or
‘offset’
between
standardized
air
temperatures
(macroclimate)
and
those
a
specific
habitat
such
as
forest
understorey,
grassland
under
log.
However,
these
offsets
can
fluctuate
from
positive
to
negative
over
single
day
that
common
practice
consists
in
aggregating
data
into
daily
mean,
minimum
maximum
before
modelling
monthly
for
each
summary
statistic.
Here,
we
propose
more
parsimonious
flexible
approach
relying
just
two
parameters:
slope
equilibrium.
The
captures
linear
relationship
macroclimate,
while
equilibrium
is
point
at
which
equals
macroclimate.
Although
applicable
other
habitats,
demonstrate
relevance
our
method
by
focusing
understoreys.
We
installed
temperature
sensors
1‐m
height
inside
stands
nearby
open
grasslands
equipped
with
weather
stations,
across
13
sites
France
spanning
wide
climatic
gradient.
From
year
hourly
sensor,
established
relationships
macroclimate
using
mixed‐effects
models,
during
leaf‐on
(May–November)
leaf‐off
period
(December–April).
extracted
used
another
set
investigate
their
main
determinants.
was
chiefly
determined
stand
structure
variables
interacting
leaf‐on/leaf‐off
period:
type
(conifer
vs
broadleaf);
shade‐casting
ability;
age;
dominant
height;
stem
density;
cover
upper
lower
shrub
layer.
In
contrast,
had
no
explanatory
power
found
be
positively
related
mean
temperature,
open/forest
habitat.
introduced
here
overcomes
several
shortcomings
offsets.
By
demonstrating
vary
predictable
ways,
have
general
linkage
applied
any
location
time
if
know
(equilibrium)
buffering
amplifying
capacity
(slope).
also
warn
about
methodological
biases
due
reference
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
27(11), С. 2279 - 2297
Опубликована: Март 16, 2021
Abstract
Forest
microclimates
contrast
strongly
with
the
climate
outside
forests.
To
fully
understand
and
better
predict
how
forests'
biodiversity
functions
relate
to
change,
need
be
integrated
into
ecological
research.
Despite
potentially
broad
impact
of
on
response
forest
ecosystems
global
our
understanding
within
below
tree
canopies
modulate
biotic
responses
change
at
species,
community
ecosystem
level
is
still
limited.
Here,
we
review
spatial
temporal
variation
in
result
from
an
interplay
features,
local
water
balance,
topography
landscape
composition.
We
first
stress
exemplify
importance
considering
across
landscapes.
Next,
explain
macroclimate
warming
(of
free
atmosphere)
can
affect
microclimates,
vice
versa,
via
interactions
land‐use
changes
different
biomes.
Finally,
perform
a
priority
ranking
future
research
avenues
interface
microclimate
ecology
biology,
specific
focus
three
key
themes:
(1)
disentangling
abiotic
drivers
feedbacks
microclimates;
(2)
regional
mapping
predictions
(3)
impacts
functioning
face
change.
The
availability
microclimatic
data
will
significantly
increase
coming
decades,
characterizing
variability
unprecedented
scales
relevant
biological
processes
This
revolutionize
dynamics,
implications
functions,
changes.
In
order
support
sustainable
use
forests
secure
their
services
for
generations,
cannot
ignored.
Remote Sensing,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(22), С. 3690 - 3690
Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2020
The
status,
changes,
and
disturbances
in
geomorphological
regimes
can
be
regarded
as
controlling
regulating
factors
for
biodiversity.
Therefore,
monitoring
geomorphology
at
local,
regional,
global
scales
is
not
only
necessary
to
conserve
geodiversity,
but
also
preserve
biodiversity,
well
improve
biodiversity
conservation
ecosystem
management.
Numerous
remote
sensing
(RS)
approaches
platforms
have
been
used
the
past
enable
a
cost-effective,
increasingly
freely
available,
comprehensive,
repetitive,
standardized,
objective
of
characteristics
their
traits.
This
contribution
provides
state-of-the-art
review
RS-based
these
traits,
by
presenting
examples
aeolian,
fluvial,
coastal
landforms.
Different
crucial
discipline
geodiversity
using
RS
are
provided,
discussing
implementation
technologies
such
LiDAR,
RADAR,
multi-spectral
hyperspectral
sensor
technologies.
Furthermore,
data
products
that
could
future
introduced.
use
spectral
traits
(ST)
trait
variation
(STV)
with
geomorphic
diversity
monitored.
We
focus
on
requirements
specifically
aimed
overcoming
some
key
limitations
ecological
modeling,
namely:
linking
in-situ,
close-range,
air-
spaceborne
technologies,
science
components
better
understanding
impacts
complex
ecosystems.
paper
aims
impart
multidimensional
information
obtained
improved
utilization
monitoring.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
26(11), С. 6616 - 6629
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020
Abstract
Current
analyses
and
predictions
of
spatially
explicit
patterns
processes
in
ecology
most
often
rely
on
climate
data
interpolated
from
standardized
weather
stations.
This
represents
long‐term
average
thermal
conditions
at
coarse
spatial
resolutions
only.
Hence,
many
climate‐forcing
factors
that
operate
fine
spatiotemporal
are
overlooked.
is
particularly
important
relation
to
effects
observation
height
(e.g.
vegetation,
snow
soil
characteristics)
habitats
varying
their
exposure
radiation,
moisture
wind
topography,
radiative
forcing
or
cold‐air
pooling).
Since
organisms
living
close
the
ground
relate
more
strongly
these
microclimatic
than
free‐air
temperatures,
near‐surface
needed
provide
realistic
forecasts
fate
such
under
anthropogenic
change,
as
well
functioning
ecosystems
they
live
in.
To
fill
this
critical
gap,
we
highlight
a
call
for
temperature
time
series
submissions
SoilTemp,
geospatial
database
initiative
compiling
all
over
world.
Currently,
contains
7,538
sensors
51
countries
across
key
biomes.
The
will
pave
way
toward
an
improved
global
understanding
microclimate
bridge
gap
between
available
relevant
ecosystem
processes.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
27(23), С. 6307 - 6319
Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2021
Ecological
research
heavily
relies
on
coarse-gridded
climate
data
based
standardized
temperature
measurements
recorded
at
2
m
height
in
open
landscapes.
However,
many
organisms
experience
environmental
conditions
that
differ
substantially
from
those
captured
by
these
macroclimatic
(i.e.
free
air)
grids.
In
forests,
the
tree
canopy
functions
as
a
thermal
insulator
and
buffers
sub-canopy
microclimatic
conditions,
thereby
affecting
biological
ecological
processes.
To
improve
assessment
of
climatic
climate-change-related
impacts
forest-floor
biodiversity
functioning,
high-resolution
grids
reflecting
forest
microclimates
are
thus
urgently
needed.
Combining
more
than
1200
time
series
situ
near-surface
with
topographical,
variables
machine
learning
model,
we
predicted
mean
monthly
offset
between
15
cm
above
surface
free-air
over
period
2000-2020
spatial
resolution
25
across
Europe.
This
was
used
to
evaluate
difference
microclimate
macroclimate
space
seasons
finally
enabled
us
calculate
annual
temperatures
for
European
understories.
We
found
air
temperatures,
being
average
2.1°C
(standard
deviation
±
1.6°C)
lower
summer
2.0°C
higher
(±0.7°C)
winter
Additionally,
our
maps
expose
considerable
variation
within
landscapes,
not
gridded
products.
The
provided
will
enable
future
model
below-canopy
processes
patterns,
well
species
distributions
accurately.
Global Ecology and Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
33(6)
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024
Abstract
Brief
introduction:
What
are
microclimates
and
why
they
important?
Microclimate
science
has
developed
into
a
global
discipline.
is
increasingly
used
to
understand
mitigate
climate
biodiversity
shifts.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
of
the
current
status
microclimate
ecology
biogeography
in
terrestrial
ecosystems,
where
this
field
heading
next.
investigations
We
highlight
latest
research
on
interactions
between
organisms,
including
how
influence
individuals,
through
them
populations,
communities
entire
ecosystems
their
processes.
also
briefly
discuss
recent
organisms
shape
from
tropics
poles.
applications
ecosystem
management
Microclimates
important
under
change.
showcase
new
with
examples
conservation,
forestry
urban
ecology.
importance
microrefugia
conservation
promote
heterogeneity.
Methods
for
advances
data
acquisition,
such
as
novel
sensors
remote
sensing
methods.
modelling,
mapping
processing,
accessibility
modelling
tools,
advantages
mechanistic
statistical
solutions
computational
challenges
that
have
pushed
state‐of‐the‐art
field.
What's
next?
identify
major
knowledge
gaps
need
be
filled
further
advancing
investigations,
These
include
spatiotemporal
scaling
data,
mismatches
macroclimate
predicting
responses
change,
more
evidence
outcomes
management.
Global Ecology and Biogeography,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
28(11), С. 1578 - 1596
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019
Abstract
Aim
Although
species
distribution
models
(SDMs)
traditionally
link
occurrences
to
free‐air
temperature
data
at
coarse
spatio‐temporal
resolution,
the
of
organisms
might
instead
be
driven
by
temperatures
more
proximal
their
habitats.
Several
solutions
are
currently
available,
such
as
downscaled
or
interpolated
coarse‐grained
temperatures,
satellite‐measured
land
surface
(LST)
in‐situ‐measured
soil
temperatures.
A
comprehensive
comparison
sources
and
performance
in
SDMs
is,
however,
lacking.
Location
Northern
Scandinavia.
Time
period
1970–2017.
Major
taxa
studied
Higher
plants.
Methods
We
evaluated
different
(WorldClim,
CHELSA,
MODIS,
E‐OBS,
topoclimate
from
miniature
loggers),
differing
spatial
resolution
(from
1″
0.1°),
measurement
focus
(free‐air,
ground‐surface
temperature)
temporal
extent
(year‐long
versus
long‐term
averages),
used
them
fit
for
50
plant
with
growth
forms
a
high‐latitudinal
mountain
region.
Results
Differences
between
these
originating
overshadow
effects
climatic
differences
elevational
lapse
rates
ranging
−0.6°C
per
100
m
−0.2°C
in‐situ
Most
importantly,
we
found
that
depended
on
species.
The
use
improved
explanatory
power
our
(
R
2
average
+16%),
especially
forbs
graminoids
+24
+21%
average,
respectively)
compared
other
sources.
Main
conclusions
suggest
future
studies
using
should
dataset
best
reflects
ecology
species,
rather
than
automatically
WorldClim
CHELSA.
Ecography,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
43(11), С. 1571 - 1590
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020
Coincident
with
recent
global
warming,
species
have
shifted
their
geographic
distributions
to
cooler
environments,
generally
by
moving
along
thermal
axes
higher
latitudes,
elevations
or
deeper
waters.
While
these
shifts
allow
organisms
track
niche,
three
also
covary
non‐climatic
abiotic
factors
that
could
pose
challenges
range‐shifting
plants
and
animals.
Such
novel
conditions
present
an
unappreciated
pitfall
for
researchers
–
from
both
empirical
predictive
viewpoints
who
study
the
redistribution
of
under
climate
change.
Climate,
particularly
temperature,
is
often
assumed
be
primary
factor
in
limiting
distributions,
decades
biology
research
made
correlative
mechanistic
understanding
temperature
most
accessible
commonly
used
response
any
factor.
Receiving
far
less
attention,
however,
gradients
oxygen,
light,
pressure,
pH
water
availability
latitude,
elevation,
and/or
ocean
depth,
show
strong
physiological
behavioral
adaptations
variables
within
historic
ranges.
Here,
we
discuss
how
may
disrupt
climate‐driven
range
shifts,
as
well
variety
use
overcome
conditions,
emphasizing
which
taxa
limited
this
capacity.
We
highlight
need
scientists
extend
incorporate
non‐climatic,
create
a
more
ecologically
relevant
animals
interact
environment,
face
demonstrate
additional
can
integrated
into
change
better
inform
expectations
provide
recommendations
addressing
challenge
predicting
future
environments.
Ecological Entomology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
46(4), С. 699 - 717
Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2020
1.
Insects
have
emerged
as
causes
célèbres
for
widespread
concern
about
human
effects
on
global
biodiversity.
Here,
we
consider
how
insects
provide
opportunities
both
to
understand
the
ecological
of
change
and
enhance
environmental
conservation.
2.
Despite
a
limited
time
frame
geographic
extent
quantitative
evidence,
recent
studies
changes
abundance,
distribution,
diversity
indicate
temporally
heterogeneous
trends
which
vary
among
taxa,
regions,
biotopes.
These
results
suggest
a)
that
insect
numbers
are
responding
multiple
stressors
in
wider
context
fitness,
distributions,
biotic
interactions
result
from
habitat
climate
change;
b)
specialists
with
narrow
ranges
may
be
particularly
at
risk.
3.
Predictions
based
macroecology
ecophysiology
can
tested
by
combining
approaches,
including
experiments
observations
over
gradients
latitude,
elevation,
urbanization;
well
innovative
analyses
data
standardised
monitoring
schemes
opportunistic
historical
collections
citizen
science.
Linking
these
complementary
approaches
helps
detect
mechanisms
influencing
responses
interacting
drivers
inform
4.
The
impetus
debate
provoked
high
profile
reports
declines
promote
conservation,
but
also
obtain
comprehensive
evidence
biodiversity
thus
develop
communicate
measures
mitigate
threats
ecosystems
change.