The role of non-volatile chemicals of floral rewards in plant-pollinator interactions

Basic and Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 75, С. 31 - 43

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

The interaction between plants and pollinators has intrigued scientists for centuries. While it continues to be subject of ongoing research in basic applied ecology, we tend ignore that plant-pollinator interactions are largely driven by chemistry. For example, the amounts composition various chemical compounds determine flower colour, attractiveness scent nutritional value floral rewards. In this perspective article, focus on chemistry pollen nectar. We discuss differences function, diversity variation compound groups considered macro- micronutrients as well non-nutritive plant secondary metabolites (PSM). highlight effects pollinator responses different vary strongly among species (groups of) compounds. Moreover, challenge commonly separation toxic (e.g. several PSMs) beneficial most nutrients) point a dose-dependent toxicity across finally provide list open questions future research. draw particular attention unknown plant-produced externally pesticides, pollutants) may have mutualism.

Язык: Английский

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Visual learning in a virtual reality environment upregulates immediate early gene expression in the mushroom bodies of honey bees

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2022

Free-flying bees learn efficiently to solve numerous visual tasks. Yet, the neural underpinnings of this capacity remain unexplored. We used a 3D virtual reality (VR) environment study learning and determine if it leads changes in immediate early gene (IEG) expression specific areas bee brain. focused on kakusei, Hr38 Egr1, three IEGs that have been related foraging orientation, compared their relative calyces mushroom bodies, optic lobes rest brain after color discrimination learning. Bees learned discriminate stimuli displaying different colors retained information learned. Successful learners exhibited Egr1 upregulation only thus uncovering privileged involvement these regions associative usefulness as marker activity induced by phenomenon.

Язык: Английский

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Honey bees cannot sense harmful concentrations of metal pollutants in food

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 297, С. 134089 - 134089

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Pollen foraging preferences in honey bees and the nutrient profiles of the pollen

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Honey bees are important insect pollinators that provide critical pollination services to fruit and nut crops in the US. They face challenges likely due pressures associated with agricultural intensification related habitat loss. To better understand this, pollen preferences of foraging nutritional profile brought into hives by crop fields orchards can valuable information. We trained forage on bee-collected from placed for almond orchards, sunflower fields, or mixed species inter-row plantings. Using a certain kind hive pollen, we applied binary scoring system, test these preconditioned foragers. also performed metabolomic analyses used training testing elucidate their content. Irrespective preconditioning, collected all available choice types, predominantly choosing hive-collected (MSP), followed orchard pollen. The MSP was chemically diverse, richest cholesterol, vitamins, phytochemicals quercetin, kaempferol, coumarin, quinine, but not consistently high essential amino acids polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although diversity chemical profiles may directly relate plant diversity, our results suggest foragers collect variety types when reiterating importance diverse floral resources.

Язык: Английский

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The short neuropeptide F regulates appetitive but not aversive responsiveness in a social insect

iScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(1), С. 103619 - 103619

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2021

The neuropeptide F (NPF) and its short version (sNPF) mediate food- stress-related responses in solitary insects. In the honeybee, a social insect where food collection defensive are socially regulated, only sNPF has an identified receptor. Here we increased artificially levels honeybee foragers studied consequences of this manipulation various forms appetitive aversive responsiveness. Increasing partially fed bees turned them into equivalent starved animals, enhancing both their consumption responsiveness to gustatory olfactory stimuli. Neural activity circuits animals was reduced could be rescued by treatment level bees. contrast, had no effect on nociceptive Our results thus identify as key modulator hunger food-related bees, which at core foraging activities.

Язык: Английский

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A sucrose-specific receptor in Bemisia tabaci and its putative role in phloem feeding

iScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(5), С. 106752 - 106752

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2023

In insects, specialized feeding on the phloem sap (containing mainly sugar sucrose) has evolved only in some hemipteran lineages. This behavior requires an ability to locate sites buried deeply within plant tissue. To determine molecular mechanism involved, we hypothesized that phloem-feeding whitefly Bemisia tabaci relies gustatory receptor (GR)-mediated sensing. We first conducted choice assays, which indicated B. adults consistently choose diets containing higher sucrose concentrations. Next, identified four GR genes genome. One of them, BtabGR1, displayed significant specificity when expressed Xenopus oocytes. Silencing BtabGR1 significantly interfered with discriminate between non-phloem and concentrations sucrose. These findings suggest feeders, sensing by receptors might allow tracking increasing gradient leaf, leading eventually location site.

Язык: Английский

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Gustation in insects: taste qualities and types of evidence used to show taste function of specific body parts

Journal of Insect Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(2)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

The insect equivalent of taste buds are gustatory sensilla, which have been found on mouthparts, pharynxes, antennae, legs, wings, and ovipositors. Most sensilla uniporous, but not all apparently uniporous gustatory. Among containing more than one neuron, a tubular body dendrite is also indicative sensillum, with the adding tactile function. But tactile. Additional morphological criteria often used to recognize if sensillum Further confirmation such by electrophysiological or behavioral evidence needed. five canonical qualities insects respond sweet, bitter, sour, salty, umami. tastants that easily fit in these qualities. Categories can be based only human perception, whether response deterrent appetitive chemical structure. Other compounds at least some include, limited to: water, fatty acids, metals, carbonation, RNA, ATP, pungent tastes as horseradish, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, contact pheromones. We propose that, for insects, defined nonvolatiles restricted responses are, thought be, mediated sensillum. This restriction useful because receptor proteins elsewhere.

Язык: Английский

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Floral volatiles evoke partially similar responses in both florivores and pollinators and are correlated with non-volatile reward chemicals

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(1), С. 1 - 14

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

Abstract Background Plants often use floral displays to attract mutualists and prevent antagonist attacks. Chemical detectable from a distance include attractive or repellent volatile organic compounds (FVOCs). Locally, visitors perceive contact chemicals including nutrients but also deterrent toxic constituents of pollen nectar. The FVOC chemical composition can vary intra- interspecifically. For certain pollinator florivore species, responses these are studied in specific plant systems, yet we lack synthesis general patterns comparing two groups insights into potential correlations between chemodiversity. Scope We reviewed how FVOCs non-volatile displays, i.e. toxins, affect the detection by behaviour insect visitors. Moreover, used meta-analyses evaluate pollinators vs. florivores within same genera. tested whether chemodiversity FVOCs, toxins is correlated, hence mutually informative. Key Results According available data, could detect more than pollinators. Frequently were reported as pollinator-attractive florivore-repellent. Among on both visitor groups, there was higher number compounds. toxin richness negatively indicating trade-offs, whereas marginal positive correlation amount protein observed. Conclusions face critical because mediate similar information antagonists, particularly through with fewer FVOCs. Furthermore, might whose correlated rewards. Chemodiversity potentially informative reward traits. To gain better understanding ecological processes shaping research needed antagonists diverse species role responses.

Язык: Английский

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The conserved IR75 subfamily mediates carboxylic acid detection in insects of public health and agricultural importance

Journal of Insect Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Insects perceive and respond to carboxylic acids (CAs), amines, aldehydes primarily via conserved ionotropic receptors (IRs). These form the basis for a second olfactory system distinct from well-characterized odorant receptors. Neurons expressing IRs are housed in dedicated sensilla innervate glomeruli, separate those innervated by receptor neurons. The IR8a co-receptor is highly across insect orders and, together with tuning receptors, detects CAs. conservation of genes anatomical separation neural pathways underscore importance these compound classes CAs, specifically chemical ecology. We provide summary acid detection insects, focusing on dipteran lepidopteran species significance public health agriculture. An overview behavior toward CAs provided, as well comprehensive update function insects. Phylogenetic analysis publicly available genome databases reveals several that encode express homologs previously deorphanized highlighting avenues future research.

Язык: Английский

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Gustatory socioecology: The evolution, ecology, and mechanisms of taste in eusocial insects

Advances in insect physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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