Phytoplankton in theTaraOcean

Annual Review of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(1), С. 233 - 265

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2020

Photosynthesis evolved in the ocean more than 2 billion years ago and is now performed by a wide range of evolutionarily distinct organisms, including both prokaryotes eukaryotes. Our appreciation their abundance, distributions, contributions to primary production has been increasing since they were first discovered seventeenth century enhanced data emerging from Tara Oceans project, which comprehensive worldwide sampling plankton upper layers between 2009 2013. Largely using recent Oceans, here we review geographic distributions phytoplankton global diversity, standing stock biomass. We also discuss how omics-based information can be incorporated into studies photosynthesis show likely importance mixotrophs photosymbionts.

Язык: Английский

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Tri‐trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 22(12), С. 2151 - 2167

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2019

Abstract A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri‐trophic viewpoint, is, one moves beyond the pairwise interactions neighbouring trophic levels to consider emergent features among multiple levels. Despite its unifying potential, has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One focused on population biology ecology simple food chains interacting species. The other bottom‐up top‐down controls over distribution biomass across ecosystem‐level variables. Here, we propose pathways bridge these long‐standing perspectives. We argue an expanded theory (TTIs) unify our understanding biological scales organisation, ranging species evolution community structure ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how function arise as properties component TTIs, and, in turn, traits TTIs are shaped by abiotic environment which they embedded. conclude novel insights will come applying systematically all organisation.

Язык: Английский

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The global ocean size spectrum from bacteria to whales

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(46)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2021

It has long been hypothesized that aquatic biomass is evenly distributed among logarithmic body mass size classes. Although this community structure observed regionally, mostly plankton groups, its generality never formally tested across all marine life over the global ocean, nor have impacts of humans on it globally assessed. Here, we bring together data at scale to test hypothesis from bacteria whales. We find within most order magnitude classes indeed remarkably constant, near 1 gigatonne (Gt) wet weight (1015 g), but and large mammals are markedly above below value, respectively. Furthermore, human appear significantly truncated upper one-third spectrum. This dramatic alteration what possibly life’s largest-scale regularity underscores extent activities.

Язык: Английский

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Functional diversity shapes the stability of reef fish biomass under global change

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2046)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Understanding how environmental and human pressures impact the temporal stability of fish community biomass on shallow reefs is essential for effective conservation management. These influence directly, by affecting species’ asynchrony in fluctuations. However, their effects may also indirectly depend functional traits species composing community, which remains poorly understood. Here, we examine both direct indirect, trait-mediated variability impacts 215 Australian reefs. communities span a 10-degree sea surface temperature (SST) gradient have been monitored over 14 years. Our results indicate higher tropical owing to trait diversity redundancy colder, temperate mean trophic level. Human impacts, through negative diversity, were main destabilizing factor biomass. Temporal change SST destabilized while increasing level communities. Overall, our findings show that comprehensive analysis multiple facets crucial better understand forecast long-term marine ecosystems under global change.

Язык: Английский

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Horizontal and vertical diversity jointly shape food web stability against small and large perturbations

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 22(7), С. 1152 - 1162

Опубликована: Май 16, 2019

The biodiversity of food webs is composed horizontal (i.e. within trophic levels) and vertical diversity the number levels). Understanding their joint effect on stability a key challenge. Theory mostly considers individual effects focuses small perturbations near equilibrium in hypothetical webs. Here, we study (modelled) empirical In modelled webs, increased decreased stability, respectively, with stronger positive producer at higher consumer diversity. Experiments an plankton web, where manipulated measured from species interactions resilience against large perturbations, confirmed these predictions. Taken together, our findings highlight need to conserve different levels ensure stability.

Язык: Английский

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Meta‐ecosystem dynamics drive the spatial distribution of functional groups in river networks

Oikos, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022(11)

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

The meta‐ecosystem concept provides a theoretical framework to study the effect of local and regional flows resources on ecosystem dynamics. Meta‐ecosystem theory has hitherto been applied highly abstract landscapes, dynamics in real‐world landscapes remain largely unexplored. River networks constitute prime example meta‐ecosystems, being characterized by directional resource from upstream downstream communities between terrestrial aquatic realm. These have thoroughly described continuum (RCC), seminal freshwater ecology, stating that observed spatial variations relative abundances invertebrate functional groups reflect systematic shifts types locations food resources, which are turn determined physical attributes river reaches. Hence, RCC represents solid conceptual basis for determining how changes landscape structure will translate into community composition. Here, we develop analyse riverine model inspired RCC, builds upon physically‐based dendritic networks. We show distributions biomass stream scaling networks, as well specific rates flows. Neglecting any these aspects modelling meta‐ecosystems would result different patterns. Moreover, high flow, due anthropization, negative all studied, can lead cascading extinctions at scale. Our work paves way development models understand functioning ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Consistent predator-prey biomass scaling in complex food webs

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Abstract The ratio of predator-to-prey biomass is a key element trophic structure that typically investigated from food chain perspective, ignoring channels energy transfer (e.g. omnivory) may govern community structure. Here, we address this shortcoming by characterising the 141 freshwater, marine and terrestrial webs, spanning broad gradient in biomass. We test whether sub-linear scaling between predator prey (a potential signal density-dependent processes) emerges within ecosystem types across levels biological organisation. find consistent, pattern whereby scales with total their near ¾-power exponent webs - i.e. more supports proportionally less Across similar combined all web. These general patterns are compatible systematic form density dependence holds among complex feeding interactions organization, irrespective type.

Язык: Английский

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Unlocking ensemble ecosystem modelling for large and complex networks

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3), С. e1011976 - e1011976

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

The potential effects of conservation actions on threatened species can be predicted using ensemble ecosystem models by forecasting populations with and without intervention. These model ensembles commonly assume stable coexistence in the absence available data. However, existing ensemble-generation methods become computationally inefficient as size network increases, preventing larger networks from being studied. We present a novel sequential Monte Carlo sampling approach for generation that is orders magnitude faster than approaches. demonstrate produce equivalent parameter inferences, predictions, tightly constrained combinations sensitivity analysis method. For one case study, we speed-up 108 days to 6 hours, while maintaining ensembles. Additionally, how identify strongly drive feasibility stability, drawing ecological insight Now, first time, more realistic practically simulated analysed.

Язык: Английский

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The trophic distribution of biomass in ecosystems with co-occurring wildlife and livestock

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Abstract Trophic interactions regulate populations, but anthropogenic processes influence primary productivity and consumption by both herbivore carnivore species. ecology studies often focus on natural systems such as protected areas, even though livestock globally comprise the majority of terrestrial vertebrate biomass. Here we explore spatial temporal patterns in distribution biomass between plants, large herbivores carnivores (> 10 kg) Norwegian rangelands, including wildlife livestock. We find high variation relationship plant biomass, with positive negative divergence observed from expectations based productivity. Meanwhile, despite recent partial recoveries densities across Norway, is still lower than expected if are excluded estimation. Our study highlights how trends reflect policy development. The role husbandry management thus key determining realised distributions anthropogenically influenced ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms by which predators mediate host–parasite interactions in aquatic systems

Trends in Parasitology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 37(10), С. 890 - 906

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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