Phytoplankton in theTaraOcean

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 233 - 265

Published: Jan. 3, 2020

Photosynthesis evolved in the ocean more than 2 billion years ago and is now performed by a wide range of evolutionarily distinct organisms, including both prokaryotes eukaryotes. Our appreciation their abundance, distributions, contributions to primary production has been increasing since they were first discovered seventeenth century enhanced data emerging from Tara Oceans project, which comprehensive worldwide sampling plankton upper layers between 2009 2013. Largely using recent Oceans, here we review geographic distributions phytoplankton global diversity, standing stock biomass. We also discuss how omics-based information can be incorporated into studies photosynthesis show likely importance mixotrophs photosymbionts.

Language: Английский

---

Tri‐trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 2151 - 2167

Published: Oct. 21, 2019

Abstract A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri‐trophic viewpoint, is, one moves beyond the pairwise interactions neighbouring trophic levels to consider emergent features among multiple levels. Despite its unifying potential, has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One focused on population biology ecology simple food chains interacting species. The other bottom‐up top‐down controls over distribution biomass across ecosystem‐level variables. Here, we propose pathways bridge these long‐standing perspectives. We argue an expanded theory (TTIs) unify our understanding biological scales organisation, ranging species evolution community structure ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how function arise as properties component TTIs, and, in turn, traits TTIs are shaped by abiotic environment which they embedded. conclude novel insights will come applying systematically all organisation.

Language: Английский

---

The global ocean size spectrum from bacteria to whales

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(46)

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

It has long been hypothesized that aquatic biomass is evenly distributed among logarithmic body mass size classes. Although this community structure observed regionally, mostly plankton groups, its generality never formally tested across all marine life over the global ocean, nor have impacts of humans on it globally assessed. Here, we bring together data at scale to test hypothesis from bacteria whales. We find within most order magnitude classes indeed remarkably constant, near 1 gigatonne (Gt) wet weight (1015 g), but and large mammals are markedly above below value, respectively. Furthermore, human appear significantly truncated upper one-third spectrum. This dramatic alteration what possibly life’s largest-scale regularity underscores extent activities.

Language: Английский

---

Horizontal and vertical diversity jointly shape food web stability against small and large perturbations

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 1152 - 1162

Published: May 16, 2019

The biodiversity of food webs is composed horizontal (i.e. within trophic levels) and vertical diversity the number levels). Understanding their joint effect on stability a key challenge. Theory mostly considers individual effects focuses small perturbations near equilibrium in hypothetical webs. Here, we study (modelled) empirical In modelled webs, increased decreased stability, respectively, with stronger positive producer at higher consumer diversity. Experiments an plankton web, where manipulated measured from species interactions resilience against large perturbations, confirmed these predictions. Taken together, our findings highlight need to conserve different levels ensure stability.

Language: Английский

---

Meta‐ecosystem dynamics drive the spatial distribution of functional groups in river networks

Oikos, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(11)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

The meta‐ecosystem concept provides a theoretical framework to study the effect of local and regional flows resources on ecosystem dynamics. Meta‐ecosystem theory has hitherto been applied highly abstract landscapes, dynamics in real‐world landscapes remain largely unexplored. River networks constitute prime example meta‐ecosystems, being characterized by directional resource from upstream downstream communities between terrestrial aquatic realm. These have thoroughly described continuum (RCC), seminal freshwater ecology, stating that observed spatial variations relative abundances invertebrate functional groups reflect systematic shifts types locations food resources, which are turn determined physical attributes river reaches. Hence, RCC represents solid conceptual basis for determining how changes landscape structure will translate into community composition. Here, we develop analyse riverine model inspired RCC, builds upon physically‐based dendritic networks. We show distributions biomass stream scaling networks, as well specific rates flows. Neglecting any these aspects modelling meta‐ecosystems would result different patterns. Moreover, high flow, due anthropization, negative all studied, can lead cascading extinctions at scale. Our work paves way development models understand functioning ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Unlocking ensemble ecosystem modelling for large and complex networks

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e1011976 - e1011976

Published: March 14, 2024

The potential effects of conservation actions on threatened species can be predicted using ensemble ecosystem models by forecasting populations with and without intervention. These model ensembles commonly assume stable coexistence in the absence available data. However, existing ensemble-generation methods become computationally inefficient as size network increases, preventing larger networks from being studied. We present a novel sequential Monte Carlo sampling approach for generation that is orders magnitude faster than approaches. demonstrate produce equivalent parameter inferences, predictions, tightly constrained combinations sensitivity analysis method. For one case study, we speed-up 108 days to 6 hours, while maintaining ensembles. Additionally, how identify strongly drive feasibility stability, drawing ecological insight Now, first time, more realistic practically simulated analysed.

Language: Английский

---

Mechanisms by which predators mediate host–parasite interactions in aquatic systems

Trends in Parasitology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(10), P. 890 - 906

Published: July 16, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Species richness and food‐web structure jointly drive community biomass and its temporal stability in fish communities

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 2364 - 2377

Published: Aug. 22, 2021

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning and food-web complexity-stability relationships are central to ecology. However, they remain largely untested in natural contexts. Here, we estimated the links among environmental conditions, richness, structure, annual biomass its temporal stability using a standardised monitoring dataset of 99 stream fish communities spanning from 1995 2018. We first revealed that both richness average trophic level positively related biomass, with effects similar strength. Second, found community is fostered by mean level, while contrary expectation, it decreased species richness. Finally, conditions affect mainly via on network structure. Strikingly, effect was mediated population rather than synchrony, which contrasts results single communities. discuss hypothesis could be characteristic multi-trophic

Language: Английский

---

Consistent predator-prey biomass scaling in complex food webs

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Abstract The ratio of predator-to-prey biomass is a key element trophic structure that typically investigated from food chain perspective, ignoring channels energy transfer (e.g. omnivory) may govern community structure. Here, we address this shortcoming by characterising the 141 freshwater, marine and terrestrial webs, spanning broad gradient in biomass. We test whether sub-linear scaling between predator prey (a potential signal density-dependent processes) emerges within ecosystem types across levels biological organisation. find consistent, pattern whereby scales with total their near ¾-power exponent webs - i.e. more supports proportionally less Across similar combined all web. These general patterns are compatible systematic form density dependence holds among complex feeding interactions organization, irrespective type.

Language: Английский

---

Body size and food–web interactions mediate species range shifts under warming

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1972)

Published: April 13, 2022

Species ranges are shifting in response to climate change, but most predictions disregard food–web interactions and, particular, if and how such change through time. Predator–prey could speed up species range shifts enemy release or create lags biotic resistance. Here, we developed a spatially explicit model of interacting species, each with thermal niche embedded size-structured across temperature gradient that was then exposed warming. We also created counterfactual single models contrast highlight the effect trophic on shifts. found dynamic hampered 450 simulated food–webs 200 over years All experiencing shifted more slowly than single-species would predict. In addition, trailing edges larger bodied especially because ecological subsidies from small prey. Trophic reduced numbers locally novel productive thus maintaining historical community compositions for longer. Current forecasts ignoring allometry may overestimate species' tendency track change.

Language: Английский

---