Farmland practices are driving bird population decline across Europe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(21)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Declines in European bird populations are reported for decades but the direct effect of major anthropogenic pressures on such declines remains unquantified. Causal relationships between and population responses difficult to identify as interact at different spatial scales vary among species. Here, we uncover time-series 170 common species, monitored more than 20,000 sites 28 countries, over 37 y, four widespread pressures: agricultural intensification, change forest cover, urbanisation temperature last decades. We quantify influence each pressure its importance relative other pressures, traits most affected find that particular pesticides fertiliser use, is main declines, especially invertebrate feeders. Responses changes species-specific. Specifically, cover associated with a positive growing negative dynamics, while has an dynamics large number populations, magnitude direction which depend species' thermal preferences. Our results not only confirm pervasive strong effects breeding birds, strength these stressing urgent need transformative way inhabiting world if shall have chance recovering.

Язык: Английский

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State of the World's Birds

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(1), С. 231 - 260

Опубликована: Май 5, 2022

We present an overview of the global spatiotemporal distribution avian biodiversity, changes in our knowledge that and extent to which it is imperilled. Birds are probably most completely inventoried large taxonomic class organisms, permitting a uniquely detailed understanding how Anthropocene has shaped their distributions conservation status space time. summarize threats driving bird species richness abundance, highlighting increasingly synergistic interactions between such as habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation. Many metrics biodiversity exhibiting globally consistent negative trends, with International Union for Conservation Nature's Red List Index showing steady deterioration avifauna over past three decades. identify key measures counter this loss associated ecosystemservices, will necessitate increased consideration social context interventions order deliver positive transformative change nature.

Язык: Английский

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Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 629(8013), С. 851 - 860

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to diversity of species sampled, phylogenetic method and choice genomic regions 1–3 . Here we address these issues by analysing genomes 363 bird 4 (218 taxonomic families, 92% total). Using intergenic coalescent methods, present well-supported tree but also marked degree discordance. The confirms that Neoaves experienced rapid radiation at or near Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. Sufficient loci rather than extensive taxon sampling were more effective resolving difficult nodes. Remaining recalcitrant nodes involve are challenge model due either extreme DNA composition, variable substitution rates, incomplete lineage sorting complex evolutionary events such as ancient hybridization. Assessment effects different partitions showed high heterogeneity across genome. We discovered sharp increases population size, rates relative brain size following extinction event, supporting hypothesis emerging ecological opportunities catalysed diversification modern birds. resulting estimate offers fresh insights into birds provides taxon-rich backbone for future comparative studies.

Язык: Английский

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Traits shaping urban tolerance in birds differ around the world

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(9), С. 1677 - 1688.e6

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

As human density increases, biodiversity must increasingly co-exist with urbanization or face local extinction. Tolerance of urban areas has been linked to numerous functional traits, yet few globally consistent patterns have emerged explain variation in tolerance, which stymies attempts at a generalizable predictive framework. Here, we calculate an Urban Association Index (UAI) for 3,768 bird species 137 cities across all permanently inhabited continents. We then assess how this UAI varies as function ten species-specific traits and further test whether the strength trait relationships vary three city-specific variables. Of nine were significantly associated tolerance. Urban-associated tend be smaller, less territorial, greater dispersal ability, broader dietary habitat niches, larger clutch sizes, longevity, lower elevational limits. Only bill shape showed no global association Additionally, several varied latitude and/or population density. For example, associations body mass diet breadth more pronounced higher latitudes, while territoriality longevity reduced Thus, importance filters birds predictably cities, indicating biogeographic selection tolerance that could prior challenges search patterns. A informed framework predicts will integral conservation increasing proportions world's are impacted by urbanization.

Язык: Английский

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Animal functional traits: Towards a trait‐based ecology for whole ecosystems

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(1), С. 4 - 12

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Functional traits and associated trait‐based concepts have driven rapid innovation in ecology over recent years, with most progress based on insights from plants. However, plants are almost entirely restricted to a single trophic level, an over‐reliance plant therefore neglects the complexity importance of biotic interactions across levels. The need expand focus account for has led upsurge attention animal functional emergence new relevant community ecology, macroecology ecosystem science. Recent compilation global trait datasets some taxa opened up possibilities testing ecological theory. In this Special Focus, we explore how can scope investigation multiple levels, these investigations be used upscale understanding local communities biogeographical patterns ultimately help predict impacts change functions. To address key questions, showcase studies diverse ranging size springtails crocodiles spanning levels primary consumers apex predators. This collection shows precise measurements morphological or physiological increase mechanistic assembly particularly mechanisms underpinning large‐scale biodiversity patterns. Furthermore, clearer picture is emerging systematic responses environmental that shape composition affect functioning. articles volume highlight move beyond limits taxonomic boundaries. integration data opens identifying general processes operating at different scales. identification their interplay underpin development whole ecosystems, which could eventually enable predictions ecosystem‐level consequences loss. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and evolution of the vertebrate chemoreceptor gene repertoire

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Abstract Chemoreception – the ability to smell and taste is an essential sensory modality of most animals. The number type chemical stimuli that animals can perceive depends primarily on diversity chemoreceptors they possess express. In vertebrates, six families G protein-coupled receptors form core their chemosensory system, olfactory/pheromone receptor gene OR , TAAR V1R V2R T1R T2R . Here, we study vertebrate chemoreceptor repertoire its evolutionary history. Through examination 1,527 genomes, uncover substantial differences in composition across vertebrates. We show are co-evolving, highly dynamic, characterized by lineage-specific expansions (for example, tetrapods; teleosts; mammals; amphibians) losses. Overall, amphibians, followed mammals, clades with largest repertoires. While marine tetrapods feature a convergent reduction numbers, genes correlates habitat mammals birds migratory behavior birds, diet aquatic environment fish.

Язык: Английский

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A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2024

Abstract Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these at the entire community level unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- belowground taxa 14 trophic guilds spanning disturbance gradient German grasslands. The results indicate that most consistently respond through both direct trophically mediated effects, resulting ‘slow-fast’ axis community. Using 15 indicators carbon nutrient fluxes, biomass production decomposition, also show fast communities are associated with faster rates ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate ‘slow’ ‘fast’ can be manifested whole communities, opening new avenues ecosystem-level classification.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in bird lungs: evidence of ecological risks and bioindicator potential

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 487, С. 137274 - 137274

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Threatened and extinct island endemic birds of the world: Distribution, threats and functional diversity

Journal of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(11), С. 1920 - 1940

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

Abstract Aim The world's islands support disproportionate levels of endemic avian biodiversity despite suffering numerous extinctions. While intensive recent research has focused on island bird conservation or extinction, few global syntheses have considered these factors together from the perspective morphological trait diversity. Here, we provide a summary status and ecology extant extinct birds, threats they face implications species loss for functional Location Global. Taxon Birds. Methods We review literature threatened with particular focus studies that incorporated Alongside this, analyse IUCN Red List data in relation to distribution, taxonomy. Using null models hypervolumes, combination data, assess diversity represented by birds. Results main conclusions find almost half all birds 1500 CE are currently either majority having declining population trends. also found evidence 66 subspecies primary agriculture, biological resource use, invasive species. there is overlap between hotspots endemics some notable differences, including Philippines Indonesia, which substantial number but no recorded post‐1500 Traits associated large body mass, flightlessness, aquatic predator, omnivorous vertivorous trophic niches, marine habitat affinity, and, paradoxically, higher dispersal ability. Critically, (i) occupy distinct areas beak morphospace, (ii) represent unique overall space endemics. caution may severe effects ecological functions islands.

Язык: Английский

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The role of divergent ecological adaptation during allopatric speciation in vertebrates

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(6625), С. 1214 - 1218

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2022

After decades of debate, biologists today largely agree that most speciation events require an allopatric phase (that is, geographic separation), but the role adaptive ecological divergence during this critical period is still unknown. Here, we show relatively few pairs birds, mammals, or amphibians exhibit trait differences consistent with models divergent adaptation in each many ecologically relevant traits. By fitting new evolutionary to numerous sets sister-pair differences, find speciating and recently speciated taxa seem overwhelmingly evolve under similar rather than macro–selective pressures. This contradicts classical view as a prominent driver early stages helps synthesize two historical controversies regarding ecology geography species formation.

Язык: Английский

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