Abstract
Cities
can
have
profound
impacts
on
ecosystems,
yet
our
understanding
of
these
is
currently
limited.
First,
the
effects
socioeconomic
dimensions
human
society
are
often
overlooked.
Second,
correlative
analyses
common,
limiting
causal
mechanisms.
Third,
most
research
has
focused
terrestrial
systems,
ignoring
aquatic
systems
that
also
provide
important
ecosystem
services.
Here
we
compare
population
density
and
low‐income
prevalence
macroinvertebrate
communities
processes
within
water‐filled
artificial
tree
holes.
We
hypothesized
demographic
variables
would
affect
holes
in
different
ways
via
changes
temperature,
water
nutrients,
local
hole
environment.
recruited
community
scientists
across
Greater
Vancouver
(Canada)
to
host
trees
tend
50
over
14
weeks
colonization.
quantified
ecosystems
terms
invertebrates,
litter
decomposition,
chlorophyll
a
(chl
).
compiled
potential
explanatory
from
field
measurements,
satellite
images,
or
census
databases.
Using
structural
equation
models,
showed
invertebrate
abundance
was
affected
by
but
not
density.
This
driven
cosmopolitan
species
Ceratopogonidae
(Diptera)
with
known
associations
anthropogenic
containers.
Invertebrate
diversity
were
environmental
factors,
such
as
elevation,
quantity,
exposure.
By
contrast,
biomass,
chl
,
decomposition
any
measured
variables.
In
summary,
this
study
shows
some
urban
be
largely
unaffected
Our
demonstrates
using
standardized,
replicated
habitat
for
studying
urbanization.
Finally,
combining
science
ecology,
able
involve
pandemic
pivot.
Nature-Based Solutions,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
2, С. 100041 - 100041
Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022
Urban
Green
Infrastructure
(GI)
provides
multiple
benefits
to
city
inhabitants
and
can
be
an
important
component
in
nature-based
solutions
(NBS),
but
the
ecosystem
services
that
underpin
those
are
inconsistently
quantified
literature.
There
remain
substantial
knowledge
gaps
about
level
of
service
supported
by
less
studied
GI
types,
e.g.
cemeteries,
or
less-studied
services,
noise
mitigation.
Decision-makers
planners
cities
often
face
conflicting
incomplete
information
on
effectiveness
GI,
particularly
their
ability
provide
a
suite
co-benefits.
Here,
we
describe
feature-based
typology
which
combines
elements
land
cover,
use
both
ecological
social
function.
It
is
consistent
with
user
requirements
mapping,
needs
models
conduct
more
detailed
assessments
guide
NBS
design.
We
evidence
synthesis
based
published
literature,
scores
each
type
deliver
services.
In
multivariate
analysis
scores,
main
axis
variation
differentiates
between
constructed
(or
hybrid)
types
designed
primarily
for
water
flow
management
(delivering
relatively
few
services)
natural
green
trees,
blue
such
as
lakes
sea,
multi-functional
set
regulating
The
most
this
also
score
highest
biodiversity.
second
element
separates
support
very
cultural
highly
enabling
physical
wellbeing
interaction
and,
lesser
extent,
restoring
capacities.
Together
multi-functionality
matrix
much
needed
assessment
allow
decision-makers
make
a-priori
relative
different
part
address
urban
challenges.
In
an
increasingly
urbanized
world,
urban
biodiversity
is
people's
primary
contact
with
nature.
However,
as
cities
expand
and
densify,
green
blue
spaces
their
are
under
pressure,
risking
declines
in
liveability.
This
Review
discusses
the
benefits
of
multiple
challenges
it
faces,
identifies
opportunities
pathways
towards
developing
sustainable,
biodiverse
for
both
humans
The
substantial
biological
richness
that
areas
can
harbour
helps
to
mitigate
environmental
pressures,
address
adapt
climate
change,
human
health
well-being.
challenged
by
competition
space,
pressures
declining
engagement
residents
Understanding
underlying
mechanisms
informs
efforts
create
maintain
high-quality
blue–green
infrastructure.
Biodiversity-sensitive
socially
inclusive
governance
planning
key
biodiverse,
cities.
Urban
policies
should
move
cross-sectional
approaches
coordinate
sectors
such
health,
education,
design.
Developing
shared
environments
nature
contributes
global
conservation
offers
solutions
social
faced
underpins
ecosystem
services
cities,
but
faces
from
activities,
nature,
inadequate
systems.
provided
biodiversity,
its
promotion
conservation.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023
Introduction
A
major
goal
for
conservation
planning
is
the
prioritized
protection
and
management
of
areas
that
harbor
maximal
biodiversity.
However,
such
spatial
prioritization
often
suffers
from
limited
data
availability,
resulting
in
decisions
driven
by
a
handful
iconic
or
endangered
species,
with
uncertain
benefits
co-occurring
taxa.
We
argue
multi-species
habitat
preferences
based
on
field
observations
should
guide
to
optimize
long-term
persistence
as
many
species
possible.
Methods
Using
suitability
modeling
techniques
community-science
platform
iNaturalist,
we
provide
strategy
develop
spatially
explicit
models
enable
better
informed,
place-based
prioritization.
Our
case
study
Greater
Los
Angeles
used
Maxent
Random
Forests
generate
1,200
terrestrial
at
least
25
occurrence
records,
drawn
plants
(45.5%),
arthropods
(27.45%),
vertebrates
(22.2%),
fungi
(3.2%),
molluscs
(1.3%),
other
taxonomic
groups
(<
0.3%).
This
further
compared
thinning
bias
file
corrections
account
biases
inherent
iNaturalist
dataset,
jointly
separately
wildland
urban
sub-regions
validated
model
performance
using
null
“test”
dataset
occurrences
were
not
train
models.
Results
Mean
all
combined
similar
across
settings,
but
mean
Forest
received
highest
median
AUC
ROC
PRG
scores
evaluation.
Taxonomic
showed
relatively
modest
differences
their
response
urbanization
gradient,
while
native
non-native
contrasting
patterns
most
habitats
both
peaked
near
urban-wildland
interface.
Discussion
framework
entirely
open-source
software
our
code
provided
use.
Given
increasing
availability
biodiversity
via
platforms
this
can
easily
be
applied
regions.
Quantifying
large,
representative
subset
locally
occurring
pool
way
provides
clear,
data-driven
basis
ecological
research
decision-making,
maximizing
impact
current
future
efforts.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
368, С. 122220 - 122220
Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2024
In
the
face
of
global
biodiversity
decline,
ecological
restoration
measures
to
actively
enhance
urban
and
options
for
biodiversity-friendly
greenspace
management
are
high
on
agenda
many
governments
city
administrations.
This
review
aims
summarize
advance
current
knowledge
grassland
by
synthesizing
research
findings
approaches
globally.
Indeed,
we
found
be
generally
effective
in
increasing
biodiversity;
yet,
there
were
variations
outcomes
due
difference
soil
disturbance
methods,
regimes,
set
species
introduced
a
site,
specific
local
setting.
Based
reviewed
studies,
formulated
recommendations
maximizing
success
grasslands
through:
i)
creating
network
heterogeneous
greenspaces
enhancing
connectivity
between
them;
ii)
maintaining
spontaneous
vegetation
vacant
lots
wasteland
sites
that
can
provide
habitats
various
invertebrate
species;
iii)
evaluating
actual
conditions,
seed
bank,
rain
before
efforts
take
place
since
these
sources
could
considerably
affect
outcomes,
iv)
preserving
nutrient-poor
conditions
instead
introducing
nutrient-rich
topsoil;
v)
shifting
less
intensive,
reducing
mowing
frequency
avoiding
use
chemicals;
vi)
utilizing
native
dry
climate
adaptation
without
irrigation.
We
further
identified
gaps
regarding
city-scale
regional-scale
effects
restoration,
interventions
multiple
taxa
ecosystem
services,
small
versus
mega-cities,
south.
These
should
addressed
future
studies
making
general
guidelines
broadly
applicable.
Landscape Ecology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
38(8), С. 1919 - 1937
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2023
Abstract
Context
Conservation
of
biodiversity
in
cities
depends
on
ecologically
sensitive
urban
planning,
informed
by
an
understanding
patterns
species
distributions
and
richness.
Because
urbanized
landscapes
are
heterogeneous
mosaics,
many
move
between
different
land-cover
types,
it
is
valuable
to
compare
‘whole
landscapes’
(broad-scale
spatially
areas)
that
systematically
differ
landscape
structure.
Objectives
We
tested
the
relative
influence
housing
cover
canopy
tree
avian
richness,
identify
components
structure
most
strongly
landscape-scale
richness
(i.e.,
pooled
multiple
sites
within
a
whole
landscape).
Methods
selected
30
residential
(each
1
km
2
)
Melbourne,
Australia,
stratified
represent
concurrent
gradients
cover.
Five
point-count
surveys
were
conducted
at
each
10
per
(for
total
50
landscape)
data
mosaic.
Results
Up
82%
variation
was
explained
properties
landscape.
Housing
dominant
strong
predictor
for
response
groups
including
native,
terrestrial,
forest,
aquatic
birds.
As
increased,
all
decreased.
Tree
cover,
primarily
comprised
scattered
trees
areas,
had
less
Nonetheless,
forest
birds,
extent
native
vegetation
surrounding
important
positive
influence,
indicating
value
potential
source
habitat
bird
populations.
Conclusions
Cities
can
be
home
diverse
avifauna.
The
indicates
scope
plan
manage
areas
support
diversity
birds
require
natural
elements.
conclude
urbanizing
environments
best
designed
benefit
protecting
patches
(particularly
large
combined
with
localized
higher
rather
than
uniform
(lower)
across
entire
iScience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(3), С. 109244 - 109244
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Artificial
light
at
night
is
a
growing
environmental
problem
that
especially
pronounced
in
urban
environments.
Yet,
impacts
on
wildlife
have
received
scant
attention
and
patterns
consequences
are
largely
unknown.
Here,
I
present
conceptual
framework
outlining
the
challenges
species
encounter
when
exposed
to
pollution
how
they
may
respond
through
plastic
adjustments
genetic
adaptation.
Light
interferes
with
biological
rhythms,
influences
behaviors,
fragments
habitats,
alters
predation
risk
resource
abundance,
which
changes
diversity
spatiotemporal
distribution
of
and,
hence,
structure
function
ecosystems.
Furthermore,
interacts
other
disturbances,
can
exacerbate
negative
effects
species.
Given
rapid
growth
areas
importance
healthy
ecosystems
for
human
wellbeing,
more
research
needed
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
379(1893)
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2023
Cities
across
the
globe
are
driving
systemic
change
in
social
and
ecological
systems
by
accelerating
rates
of
interactions
intensifying
links
between
human
activities
Earth's
ecosystems,
thereby
expanding
scale
influence
on
fundamental
processes
that
sustain
life.
Increasing
evidence
shows
cities
not
only
alter
biodiversity,
they
genetic
makeup
many
populations,
including
animals,
plants,
fungi
microorganisms.
Urban-driven
rapid
evolution
species
traits
might
have
significant
effects
socially
relevant
ecosystem
functions
such
as
nutrient
cycling,
pollination,
water
air
purification
food
production.
Despite
increasing
causing
evolutionary
change,
current
urban
sustainability
strategies
often
overlook
these
dynamics.
The
dominant
perspectives
guide
essentially
static,
focusing
preserving
biodiversity
its
present
state
or
restoring
it
to
pre-urban
conditions.
This
paper
provides
a
overview
socio-eco-evolutionary
transition
associated
with
global
urbanization.
Using
examples
observed
changes
play
role
maintaining
function
resilience,
I
propose
significantly
impact
sustainability.
Incorporating
an
eco-evolutionary
perspective
into
science
planning
is
crucial
for
effectively
reimagining
Anthropocene.
article
part
theme
issue
‘Evolution
sustainability:
gathering
strands
Anthropocene
synthesis’.
Biological Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
291, С. 110508 - 110508
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024
Urban
biodiversity
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
functioning
of
urban
ecosystems
and
significantly
impacts
well-being
quality
life
for
city
residents.
By
focusing
on
Porto
as
case
study,
influence
local-scale
land
cover
evolution
is
investigated,
using
species
richness
birds,
reptiles,
amphibians
indicators,
within
multimodel
inference
framework.
The
results
underscore
importance
past
legacy
shaping
biodiversity.
Birds,
respond
positively
to
older
vegetation
patches
but
negatively
long-established
areas.
Birds
exhibit
adaptability
by
responding
recent
vegetation,
while
tend
avoid
newly
vegetated
zones.
fragmented
distribution
reptiles
suggests
limited
mobility
potential
delayed
response
habitat
loss
isolation.
Reptiles
benefit
from
both
wooded
herbaceous
habitats,
emphasizing
local
spatial
diversity,
water
elements
are
critical
amphibians,
although
many
aquatic
habitats
context
may
not
be
suitable.
Modeling
guide
identification
priority
areas
conservation
Porto,
informing
decision-makers,
planners,
conservationists.
This
spatially
explicit
research
aids
efforts
create
more
ecologically
resilient
biodiverse
environments.
It
highlights
historical
unique
responses
different
vertebrate
groups
urbanization,
contributing
our
understanding
dynamics
sustainable
development.