Climates Past, Present, and Yet-to-Come Shape Climate Change Vulnerabilities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 32(10), С. 786 - 800

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Rapid evolution of aphid pests in agricultural environments

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 26, С. 17 - 24

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation strategies to climate change in marine systems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2017

The world's oceans are highly impacted by climate change and other human pressures, with significant implications for marine ecosystems the livelihoods that they support. Adaptation both natural systems is increasingly important as a coping strategy due to rate scale of ongoing potential future change. Here, we conduct review literature concerning specific case studies adaptation in systems, discuss associated characteristics influencing factors, including drivers, strategy, timeline, costs, limitations. We found ample evidence shows species adapting through shifting distributions timing biological events, while evolutionary processes limited. For existing focus on frameworks principles planning, but examples implemented actions evaluation outcomes scarce. These findings highlight potentially useful strategies given social-ecological contexts, well key barriers information gaps requiring further research actions.

Язык: Английский

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Why climate change will invariably alter selection pressures on phenology

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 281(1793), С. 20141611 - 20141611

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2014

The seasonal timing of lifecycle events is closely linked to individual fitness and hence, maladaptation in phenological traits may impact population dynamics. However, few studies have analysed whether why climate change will alter selection pressures hence possibly induce phenology. To fill this gap, we here use a theoretical modelling approach. In our models, the phenologies consumer resource are (potentially) environmentally sensitive depend on two different but correlated environmental variables. Fitness depends match with resource. Because explicitly model dependence variables, can test how differential (heterogeneous) versus equal (homogeneous) rates variables affect As expected, under heterogeneous change, phenotypic plasticity insufficient thus phenology arises. even homogeneous leads directional This because reaction norm has historically evolved be flatter than norm, owing time lags imperfect cue reliability. Climate therefore lead increased across broad range situations.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change leads to differential shifts in the timing of annual cycle stages in a migratory bird

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 24(2), С. 823 - 835

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2017

Abstract Shifts in reproductive phenology due to climate change have been well documented many species but how, within the same species, other annual cycle stages (e.g. moult, migration) shift relative timing of breeding has rarely studied. When at different rates, interval between may resulting overlaps, and as each stage is energetically demanding, these overlaps negative fitness consequences. We used long‐term data a population European pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) investigate phenological shifts three stages: spring migration (arrival dates), (egg‐laying hatching dates) onset postbreeding moult. found advancements compared with moult (moult advances faster) no advancement arrival dates. To understand differential shifts, we explored which temperatures best explain year‐to‐year variation stages, show that they respond differently temperature increases Netherlands, causing intervals decrease. Next, tested consequences shortened intervals. effect on clutch size, probability fledged chick recruit increased shorter arrival‐breeding (earlier breeding). Finally, mark–recapture analyses did not detect an adult survival. Our results suggest allows more time for fledgling development, increasing their recruit. This incur costs parts cycle, but, despite intervals, there was fully change, it necessary look carefully especially organisms complex cycles, such migratory birds.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the effects of salinization on trophic diversity in freshwater ecosystems: a quantitative review

Hydrobiologia, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 807(1), С. 1 - 17

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Rapid evolution of tolerance to road salt in zooplankton

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 222, С. 367 - 373

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2017

Язык: Английский

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When will a changing climate outpace adaptive evolution?

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Abstract Decades of research have illuminated the underlying ingredients that determine scope evolutionary responses to climate change. The field biology therefore stands ready take what it has learned about influences upon rate adaptive evolution—such as population demography, generation time, and standing genetic variation—and apply assess if how populations can evolve fast enough “keep pace” with Here, our review highlights contribute still needs learn provide more mechanistic predictions winners losers We begin by developing broad for contemporary evolution change based on theory. then discuss methods assessing climate‐driven evolution, including quantitative studies, experimental space‐for‐time substitutions. After providing this mechanism‐focused overview both evidence specifically, evolving keep pace change, we next consider factors limit actual responses. In context, dual role phenotypic plasticity in facilitating but also impeding Finally, detail a deeper consideration constraints improve forecasts inform conservation management decisions. This article is categorized under: Climate, Ecology, Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes Extinction Risk Assessing Impacts Climate Change Evaluating Future

Язык: Английский

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Temperature‐ and latitude‐specific individual growth rates shape the vulnerability of damselfly larvae to a widespread pesticide

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 51(4), С. 919 - 928

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2014

Summary Freshwater ecosystems are especially vulnerable to climate change and pollution. One key challenge for aquatic toxicology is determine manage the combined effects of temperature increase contaminants across species' ranges. We tested how thermal adaptation life‐history evolution along a natural gradient influence vulnerability an insect pesticide under global warming. applied space‐for‐time substitution approach study effect warming on I schnura elegans damselfly larvae chlorpyrifos in common garden experiment (20 24 °C) with replicated populations from three latitudes spanning >1500 km E urope. Chlorpyrifos was more toxic at higher temperature: mortality only occurred °C reductions growth rate were stronger °C. This could partly be explained by parallel food intake but not activities two widespread enzymatic biomarkers, glutathione S ‐transferase ( GST ) acetylcholinesterase AC h ). There some evidence that increased toxicity high concentration terms reduction faster‐growing low‐latitude populations. consistent energy allocation trade‐offs between tolerance, suggests local does play role coping stress. Synthesis applications . Damselfly lower temperatures concentrations, whereas weak. These results emphasize need spatially explicit bioassessment conservation tools. Management practices aimed mitigating run‐off into particularly important agricultural areas low latitudes.

Язык: Английский

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The dilemma of altitudinal shifts: caught between high temperature and low oxygen

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(4), С. 211 - 218

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Global warming is expected to drive species toward higher altitudes. Indeed, most documented range shifts are upward, but observed often far from model predictions, and even downward common. Can such counterintuitive observations be explained? Metabolic oxygen demand rises with temperature in ectothermic animals, levels of metabolic sensitivity increases (Q 10 ) vary among species. Oxygen availability also decreases altitude, which potentially interferes the ability organisms track their thermal niches upward. Here, I introduce “metabolic oxygen‐driven altitude shift” ( MODAS framework, accounts for an overlooked cause interspecies variation shifts. Upward should always occur if it important conserve its pre‐warming temperature. In contrast, conserving demand–supply balance has priority, then that less sensitive (low Q ), while excessive upward lower than temperatures at high .

Язык: Английский

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