Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Язык: Английский

---

Biodiversity conservation in the context of climate change: Facing challenges and management strategies

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 937, С. 173377 - 173377

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Genomic biosurveillance of forest invasive alien enemies: A story written in code

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13(1), С. 95 - 115

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019

Abstract The world's forests face unprecedented threats from invasive insects and pathogens that can cause large irreversible damage to the ecosystems. This threatens capacity provide long‐term fiber supply ecosystem services range carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water air purification, soil preservation maintenance of wildlife habitat. Reducing threat forest alien species requires vigilant biosurveillance, process gathering, integrating, interpreting, communicating essential information about pest pathogen achieve early detection warning enable better decision‐making. is challenging due diversity pests need be identified, diverse pathways introduction, difficulty in assessing risk establishment. Genomics powerful new solutions biosurveillance. invasion a story written four chapters: transport, establishment, spread. series processes lead successful leave behind DNA signature tells an invasion. help us understand dynamic, multistep inform management current future introductions. review describes application genomic tools pipelines will accurate identification pathogens, assign outbreak or survey samples putative sources identify spread, assess based on traits impact outcome.

Язык: Английский

---

Forest genomics: Advancing climate adaptation, forest health, productivity, and conservation

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13(1), С. 3 - 10

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2019

Abstract Forest ecosystems provide important ecological services and resources, from habitat for biodiversity to the production of environmentally friendly products, play a key role in global carbon cycle. Humanity is counting on forests sequester store substantial portion anthropogenic dioxide produced globally. However, unprecedented rate climate change, deforestation, accidental importation invasive insects diseases are threatening health productivity forests, their capacity these services. Knowledge genetic diversity, local adaptation, control traits required predict adaptive tree populations, inform forest management conservation decisions, improve breeding productive trees that will withstand challenges 21st century. Genomic approaches have well accelerated generation knowledge evolutionary underpinnings nonmodel species, advanced applications address challenges. This special issue Evolutionary Applications features 14 papers demonstrate value wide range genomic can be used better understand biology trees, including species widespread managed timber production, others threatened or endangered, serve roles. We highlight some major advances, ranging understanding evolution genomes since period when gymnosperms separated angiosperms 300 million years ago using selection accelerate productivity. also discuss future directions applying tools long‐standing questions about trees.

Язык: Английский

---

Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts

NeoBiota, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 61, С. 65 - 116

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage biodiversity ecosystem services, while others pose threats causing such impacts. The challenge is maximise the trees, minimising negative impacts preserving future options. A workshop was held in 2019 develop global guidelines for sustainable use using Council Europe – Bern Convention Code Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. consist eight recommendations: 1) Use native or non-invasive preference invasive trees; 2) Be aware comply international, national, regional regulations concerning 3) invasion consider change trends; 4) Design adopt tailored practices plantation site selection silvicultural management; 5) Promote implement early detection rapid response programmes; 6) tree control, habitat restoration, dealing highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage stakeholders risks posed by caused, options 8) Develop support networks, collaborative research, information sharing trees. are first step towards building consensus precautions should be taken when introducing planting They voluntary intended complement statutory requirements under international national legislation. application achievement their goals will help conserve forest biodiversity, ensure forestry, contribute several Sustainable Development Goals United Nations linked biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

---

Genetic Biomonitoring and Biodiversity Assessment Using Portable Sequencing Technologies: Current Uses and Future Directions

Genes, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(11), С. 858 - 858

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2019

We live in an era of unprecedented biodiversity loss, affecting the taxonomic composition ecosystems worldwide. The immense task quantifying human imprints on global has been greatly simplified by developments high-throughput DNA sequencing technology (HTS). Approaches like metabarcoding enable study biological communities at unparalleled detail. However, current protocols for HTS-based exploration have several drawbacks. They are usually based short sequences, with limited and phylogenetic information content. Access to expensive HTS is often restricted developing countries. Ecosystems particular conservation priority remote hard access, requiring extensive time from field collection laboratory processing specimens. advent inexpensive mobile technologies show great promise facilitate monitoring projects hot-spots around world. Recent attention given portable studies related infectious organisms, such as bacteria viruses, yet relatively few focused applying these tools Eukaryotes, plants animals. Here, we outline state genetic higher Eukaryotes using Oxford Nanopore Technology’s MinION platform, well summarize areas recent development.

Язык: Английский

---

Insights into invasive species from whole‐genome resequencing

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(23), С. 6289 - 6308

Опубликована: Май 27, 2021

Studies of invasive species can simultaneously inform management strategies and quantify rapid evolution in the wild. The role genomics invasion science is increasingly recognised, growing availability reference genomes for paving way whole-genome resequencing studies a wide range systems. Here, we survey literature to assess application data biology. For some applications, such as reconstruction routes time space, sequencing whole genome many individuals increase accuracy existing methods. In other cases, population genomic approaches haplotype analysis permit entirely new questions be addressed technologies applied. To date has only been used handful systems, but these have confirmed importance processes balancing selection hybridization allowing reuse adaptations rapidly overcome challenges foreign ecosystem. use does not constitute paradigm shift per se, by leveraging theory, tools, technologies, provide unprecedented insight into basic applied aspects science.

Язык: Английский

---

From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(11), С. 4508 - 4508

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2020

Biological invasions represent some of the most severe threats to local communities and ecosystems. Among invasive species, vector-borne pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is responsible for a wide variety plant diseases has profound environmental, social economic impacts. Once restricted Americas, it recently invaded Europe, where multiple dramatic outbreaks have highlighted critical challenges its management. Here, we review recent advances on identification, distribution management X. insect vectors in Europe through genetic spatial ecology methodologies. We underline important theoretical technological gaps that remain be bridged. Challenges future research directions are discussed light improving our understanding this host–pathogen interactions. highlight need including different, complimentary outlooks integrated frameworks substantially improve knowledge processes optimize resources allocation. provide an overview genetic, approaches will aid successful sustainable one dangerous European agriculture

Язык: Английский

---

Deciphering the worldwide invasion of the Asian long‐horned beetle: A recurrent invasion process from the native area together with a bridgehead effect

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 28(5), С. 951 - 967

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2019

Retracing introduction routes is crucial for understanding the evolutionary processes involved in an invasion, as well highlighting invasion history of a species at global scale. The Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis xylophagous pest native to Asia and invasive North America Europe. It responsible severe losses urban trees, both its invaded ranges. Based on historical genetic data, several hypotheses have been formulated concerning history, including possibility multiple introductions from zone secondary dispersal within areas, but none formally tested. In this study, we characterized structure ALB ranges using microsatellites. order test different scenarios, used approximate Bayesian "random forest" algorithm together with traditional population genetics approaches. strong differentiation observed area was not geographically structured, suggesting complex migration events that were probably human-mediated. Both populations had low diversity, characteristic did prevent success invasions. Our results highlight complexity pathways insect pests. Specifically, our findings indicate might be repeatedly introduced their range, they emphasize importance multiple, human-mediated successful Finally, demonstrate can spread across continents following bridgehead path, which may acted source another invasion.

Язык: Английский

---

Biological control of emerging forest diseases: How can we move from dreams to reality?

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 496, С. 119377 - 119377

Опубликована: Май 29, 2021

Biological control (BC) is defined as the use of living natural enemies, antagonists, or competitors (biological agents) to other organisms. In second half last century, general interest in BC has increased considerably because greater environmental awareness society and implementation integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have pushed towards development environmentally friendly approaches. However, still only rarely used for pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, phytoplasmas) forest trees. Here, we present discuss biological specificities both hosts fungal which may account this situation. To increase likelihood success, suggest a holistic approach involving top-down regulators, amensalists, all exerting pressure on pathogen, well bottom-up forces helping host (e.g., endophytes, mycorrhiza). Moreover, mitigate emerging diseases should be fully into sustainable strategies. Finally, propose guidelines developing an efficient

Язык: Английский

---