Context‐dependent dispersal determines relatedness and genetic structure in a patchy amphibian population

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(20), С. 5009 - 5028

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021

Abstract Dispersal is a central process in ecology and evolution with far reaching consequences for the dynamics genetics of spatially structured populations (SSPs). Individuals can adjust their decisions to disperse according local fitness prospects, resulting context‐dependent dispersal. By determining dispersal rate, distance direction, these individual‐level further modulate demography, relatedness genetic structure SSPs. Here, we examined how influences great crested newt ( Triturus cristatus ) SSP. We collected capture–recapture data 5564 individuals 950 across an SSP northern Germany. added from six sites outside this assess gene flow at regional level. rates within were high but distances short. was context‐dependent: preferentially immigrated into high‐quality ponds where breeding probabilities higher. The studied behaved like patchy population, subpopulations each pond demographically interdependent. High led weak significant spatial At level, strong hierarchical very few first‐generation migrants as well low effective suggest presence independent demographic units. Overall, our study highlights importance habitat quality driving therefore demography Limited capacity long‐distance seems increase population leads isolation anthropogenic landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Divergence in host–parasite interactions during the cane toad's invasion of Australia

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Abstract Coevolutionary host–parasite “arms races” can be disrupted by new evolutionary forces imposed biological invasions, affecting both host and parasite densities, as well their traits. The spread of cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) parasitic lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala across tropical Australia provides an ideal opportunity to study a perturbed system. We conducted cross‐infection experiment using common‐garden‐reared lungworms from three regions (comprising long‐established, intermediate, recently invaded sites Australia) quantify traits the (infectivity virulence) (resistance tolerance). Specifically, we assessed whether patterns co‐adaptation were better explained spatial distances versus time since separation populations. Infection success was highest when long‐established populations exposed close invasion front lowest frontal parasites older This suggests that infectivity resistance have increased over course invasion. In contrast, most virulence/tolerance not consistently or decreased during Higher burdens associated with feeding performance in faster growth lungworms, counter‐intuitive results suggest manipulation parasite.

Язык: Английский

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Amphibian survival compromised by long-term effects of chytrid fungus

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(2), С. 793 - 809

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2022

Abstract Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ), has been unambiguously implicated in decline of amphibian populations worldwide. However, impact this devastating infectious can be difficult to gauge without empirical data on population-level effects . Often, assessments chytridiomycosis panzootic are based primarily expert opinions; as a result, declines tropical areas promptly attributed while its temperate species not suffering from adult mass mortalities is frequently overlooked. Here, we investigated survival probability an area that until now considered severely impacted disease. Specifically, related individual infection status using long-term capture-mark-recapture male spiny common toads Bufo spinosus ) Sierra de Guadarrama National Park central Spain. Even though study population demonstrated potential for adaptation and die-offs individuals have recorded, our results clearly indicated was lower -positive individuals. Moreover, becoming higher than clearance, driving slow but certain decline. These consistent with other indicators negative trend suggest less concern may greater previously thought.

Язык: Английский

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In silico molecular characterization of TGF-β gene family in Bufo bufo : genome-wide analysis

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Bufo bufo is a living example of evolutionary processes due to its numerous physiological and ecological adaptations. This the first study genetically characterize TGF-β gene family in B. at genome-wide level, total 28 homologs are identified. Physicochemical characteristics exhibit basic nature except for BMP1, BMP4, BMP10, BMP15, AMH, INHA, NODAL Modulator TGFB1. Phylogenetic analysis divided into 2 major clades along with other vertebrate species. In domain motif composition analysis, structure all exhibited homogeneity BMP1. We have identified propeptide together superfamily. Gene comparisons indicated that arisen by duplications. also 10 duplicated pairs, which were detected be segmental The Ka/Ks test ratio findings every pair genes revealed none ratios surpassed 1 one (INHA/BMP1), indicating these proteins under positive selection. Circos showed arranged 11 dispersed clusters segmentally arrayed genome. provides molecular basis ligand protein functional may serve as reference in-depth phylogenomics promote development novel strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Countrywide screening supports model-based predictions of the distribution of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Ukraine

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 159, С. 15 - 27

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

The chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a widespread fungus causing amphibian declines across the globe. Although data on Bd occurrence in Eastern Europe are scarce, recent species distribution model (SDM) for reported that western and north-western parts of Ukraine highly suitable to pathogen. We verified SDM-predicted range by sampling amphibians country screening using qPCR. A total 446 samples (tissue skin swabs) from 11 were collected 36 localities. obtained qPCR-positive results 33 including waterfrogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) fire- yellow-bellied toads (Bombina spp.) 8 found Bd-positive localities had significantly higher predicted habitat suitability than sites pathogen-free. Amplification sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with highest load revealed matches ITS haplotypes globally distributed BdGPL strain, single case BdASIA-2/BdBRAZIL haplotype. was non-randomly Ukraine, infections present north-central forested peripheries relatively cool, moist climate. On other hand, our suggest absent or low abundance more continental central, southern eastern regions corroborating model-predicted fungus. These areas could potentially serve as climatic refugia Bd-susceptible hosts.

Язык: Английский

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The Amphibian Genomics Consortium: advancing genomic and genetic resources for amphibian research and conservation

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Amphibians represent a diverse group of tetrapods, marked by deep divergence times between their three systematic orders and families. Studying amphibian biology through the genomics lens increases our understanding features this animal class that other terrestrial vertebrates. The need for genomic resources is more urgent than ever due to increasing threats group. are one most imperiled taxonomic groups, with approximately 41% species threatened extinction habitat loss, changes in land use patterns, disease, climate change, synergistic effects. Amphibian have provided better ontogenetic diversity, tissue regeneration, life history reproductive modes, anti-predator strategies, resilience adaptive responses. They also serve as essential models studying broad traits, such evolutionary genome expansions contractions, they exhibit widest range sizes among all taxa possess multiple mechanisms genetic sex determination. Despite these features, sequencing amphibians has significantly lagged behind vertebrates, primarily challenges assembling large, repeat-rich genomes relative lack societal support. emergence long-read technologies, combined advanced molecular computational techniques improve scaffolding reduce workloads, now making it possible address some challenges. To promote accelerate production research international coordination collaboration, we launched Genomics Consortium (AGC, https://mvs.unimelb.edu.au/amphibian-genomics-consortium ) early 2023. This burgeoning community already 282 members from 41 countries. AGC aims leverage capabilities its advance bridge implementation gap biologists, bioinformaticians, conservation practitioners. Here evaluate state field genomics, highlight previous studies, present overcome, call on communities unite part enable "leap" next level.

Язык: Английский

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Single infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis or Ranavirus does not increase probability of co-infection in a montane community of amphibians

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020

Understanding the occurrence and consequence of co-infections can be useful in designing disease management interventions. Amphibians are most highly threatened vertebrates, emerging pathogens a serious threat to their conservation. The amphibian chytrid fungus viruses Ranavirus genus already widely distributed, causing outbreaks population declines worldwide. However, we lack information about consequences coinfection with these across age-classes hosts. Here, analyze infection ranaviruses during one season two susceptible species at different locations which have occurred. We found that co-occurrence both particular host is not common except life-stages, single infections situation. Moreover, pathogen did predict other. attribute results niches proliferate

Язык: Английский

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Early Development Drives Variation in Amphibian Vulnerability to Global Change

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Understanding how natural selection determines species’ life histories can reveal their resilience or sensitivity to anthropogenic changes. For example, the safe harbor hypothesis posits that will favor maximize time spent in safest stages; a second theoretical prediction suggests species with complex growth potential of stage relative its safety. Amphibians exhibit histories, diversity developmental strategies occurring across taxa. Many involve complete elimination particular stage, and thus provide an excellent opportunity evaluate main tenets understand consequences this variation for conservation threatened amphibians. We develop general framework understanding amphibians – including special cases paedomorphism, direct development, viviparity based on safety offered by aquatic terrestrial habitat, which we tested using global trait database. then compare IUCN Red List status differing mode, revealing most fully larval are currently Least Concern, despite fact freshwater habitats being lost at much faster rate compared ecosystems. The higher proportion developing viviparous be attributed smaller ranges, they more likely found rainforest habitats, relatively slow histories. conclude amphibian’s mode reflects costs benefits different could contribute vulnerability future change.

Язык: Английский

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Landscape genetics reveals contrasting patterns of connectivity in two newt species (Lissotriton montandoni and L. vulgaris)

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(16), С. 4515 - 4530

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

Abstract Ecologically distinct species may respond to landscape changes in different ways. In addition basic ecological data, the extent of geographic range has been successfully used as an indicator sensitivity anthropogenic landscapes, with widespread usually found be less sensitive compared range‐restricted species. this study, we investigate connectivity patterns two closely related but ecologically newt – range‐restricted, Lissotriton montandoni and widespread, L. vulgaris using genomic a highly replicated setting (six regions per species), tools from genetics. Our results show importance forest for both species, at same time suggest differential use forested habitat, showing highest forest‐core forest‐edges, respectively. Anthropogenic landscapes (i.e., higher crop‐ or urban‐cover) increased resistance effect was one three orders magnitude stronger than vulgaris. This result is consistent view generalist. Even so, currently, negative impact mainly seen among populations, which significantly isolation lower effective sizes relative . Overall, study emphasizes how habitat destruction compromising genetic not only endemic, conservation concern also generalist despite their comparatively changes.

Язык: Английский

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Amphibian decline in a Central European forest and the importance of woody debris for population persistence

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 148, С. 110036 - 110036

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Achieving an understanding of species' temporal and spatial abundance patterns is a prerequisite for proper conservation management decisions. Little known the ecological indicators census size or biomass terrestrial amphibian communities historical estimates population are rare. Here we took advantage data collected in 1967/1968 leaf-litter community Niepołomice Forest (NF) south-central Poland. Using same technique (removal sampling), censused this forest 50 years later (2016/2017), spatially matching subset current plots with sampling sites. Averaged over all plots, revealed at least fourfold decline from 2817 ± 776 individuals/ha 1967 to 674 508 currently, paralleled by roughly 15.5 1.7 3.8 3.1 kg/ha. The was more striking (over 15-fold) placed division as (mean counts 157 103 corresponding 1.0 0.5 kg/ha). We also recorded change species composition between surveys, propose that conversion aquatic habitat succession have decreased diversity NF. Further, estimated densities anuran amphibians differing regime local characteristics contemporary (all were managed forest). found unmanaged, old growth coarse woody debris on floor held average twice many anurans compared stands. Average body condition most common species, Rana temporaria, measured scaled mass index, enhanced situated forest. Our findings suggest preservation forests containing may boost abundance, condition, has potential buffer against long-term demographic decline. Moreover, retention deadwood could be means increasing communities.

Язык: Английский

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