Assessment of the threat status of the amphibians in Vietnam - Implementation of the One Plan Approach

Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 77 - 116

Published: July 4, 2022

The current decline in global biodiversity is most evident amphibians with 41% percent of all species worldwide classified as threatened extinction. Hence, a major challenge amphibian conservation the high number species, leading to common approach identifying priority and regions for efforts. As part one 36 globally designated hotspots, Vietnam considered be particular importance action. To improve Vietnam, this study provides an updated list assesses their threat status by compiling data from variety sources. Furthermore, Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) analysis was conducted determine representation extant zoos worldwide. batrachofauna characterized level richness local endemism well rate new discoveries, more than half endemic reported exclusively type locality, making them especially vulnerable Up 18% 28% are extinction IUCN. In many cases, IUCN Red List either missing or outdated, highlighting urgent need Around 14% have been recorded unprotected areas, suggesting prioritization further research measures. continuing remains unresolved problem. guide future measures, top 57 compiled. addition, according ZIMS analysis, only 8% 3% taxa currently kept worldwide, revealed that highest density husbandries found Europe North America. achieve maximum outcome recommends general shift towards maintaining greater captive assurance populations breeding programs support integrative strategies combine situ ex efforts following IUCN’s One Plan Approach.

Language: Английский

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Divergence in host–parasite interactions during the cane toad's invasion of Australia

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Abstract Coevolutionary host–parasite “arms races” can be disrupted by new evolutionary forces imposed biological invasions, affecting both host and parasite densities, as well their traits. The spread of cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) parasitic lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala across tropical Australia provides an ideal opportunity to study a perturbed system. We conducted cross‐infection experiment using common‐garden‐reared lungworms from three regions (comprising long‐established, intermediate, recently invaded sites Australia) quantify traits the (infectivity virulence) (resistance tolerance). Specifically, we assessed whether patterns co‐adaptation were better explained spatial distances versus time since separation populations. Infection success was highest when long‐established populations exposed close invasion front lowest frontal parasites older This suggests that infectivity resistance have increased over course invasion. In contrast, most virulence/tolerance not consistently or decreased during Higher burdens associated with feeding performance in faster growth lungworms, counter‐intuitive results suggest manipulation parasite.

Language: Английский

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In silico molecular characterization of TGF-β gene family in Bufo bufo : genome-wide analysis

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Bufo bufo is a living example of evolutionary processes due to its numerous physiological and ecological adaptations. This the first study genetically characterize TGF-β gene family in B. at genome-wide level, total 28 homologs are identified. Physicochemical characteristics exhibit basic nature except for BMP1, BMP4, BMP10, BMP15, AMH, INHA, NODAL Modulator TGFB1. Phylogenetic analysis divided into 2 major clades along with other vertebrate species. In domain motif composition analysis, structure all exhibited homogeneity BMP1. We have identified propeptide together superfamily. Gene comparisons indicated that arisen by duplications. also 10 duplicated pairs, which were detected be segmental The Ka/Ks test ratio findings every pair genes revealed none ratios surpassed 1 one (INHA/BMP1), indicating these proteins under positive selection. Circos showed arranged 11 dispersed clusters segmentally arrayed genome. provides molecular basis ligand protein functional may serve as reference in-depth phylogenomics promote development novel strategies.

Language: Английский

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Countrywide screening supports model-based predictions of the distribution of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Ukraine

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 15 - 27

Published: June 28, 2024

The chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a widespread fungus causing amphibian declines across the globe. Although data on Bd occurrence in Eastern Europe are scarce, recent species distribution model (SDM) for reported that western and north-western parts of Ukraine highly suitable to pathogen. We verified SDM-predicted range by sampling amphibians country screening using qPCR. A total 446 samples (tissue skin swabs) from 11 were collected 36 localities. obtained qPCR-positive results 33 including waterfrogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) fire- yellow-bellied toads (Bombina spp.) 8 found Bd-positive localities had significantly higher predicted habitat suitability than sites pathogen-free. Amplification sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with highest load revealed matches ITS haplotypes globally distributed BdGPL strain, single case BdASIA-2/BdBRAZIL haplotype. was non-randomly Ukraine, infections present north-central forested peripheries relatively cool, moist climate. On other hand, our suggest absent or low abundance more continental central, southern eastern regions corroborating model-predicted fungus. These areas could potentially serve as climatic refugia Bd-susceptible hosts.

Language: Английский

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Amphibian survival compromised by long-term effects of chytrid fungus

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 793 - 809

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Abstract Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ), has been unambiguously implicated in decline of amphibian populations worldwide. However, impact this devastating infectious can be difficult to gauge without empirical data on population-level effects . Often, assessments chytridiomycosis panzootic are based primarily expert opinions; as a result, declines tropical areas promptly attributed while its temperate species not suffering from adult mass mortalities is frequently overlooked. Here, we investigated survival probability an area that until now considered severely impacted disease. Specifically, related individual infection status using long-term capture-mark-recapture male spiny common toads Bufo spinosus ) Sierra de Guadarrama National Park central Spain. Even though study population demonstrated potential for adaptation and die-offs individuals have recorded, our results clearly indicated was lower -positive individuals. Moreover, becoming higher than clearance, driving slow but certain decline. These consistent with other indicators negative trend suggest less concern may greater previously thought.

Language: Английский

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Early Development Drives Variation in Amphibian Vulnerability to Global Change

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Understanding how natural selection determines species’ life histories can reveal their resilience or sensitivity to anthropogenic changes. For example, the safe harbor hypothesis posits that will favor maximize time spent in safest stages; a second theoretical prediction suggests species with complex growth potential of stage relative its safety. Amphibians exhibit histories, diversity developmental strategies occurring across taxa. Many involve complete elimination particular stage, and thus provide an excellent opportunity evaluate main tenets understand consequences this variation for conservation threatened amphibians. We develop general framework understanding amphibians – including special cases paedomorphism, direct development, viviparity based on safety offered by aquatic terrestrial habitat, which we tested using global trait database. then compare IUCN Red List status differing mode, revealing most fully larval are currently Least Concern, despite fact freshwater habitats being lost at much faster rate compared ecosystems. The higher proportion developing viviparous be attributed smaller ranges, they more likely found rainforest habitats, relatively slow histories. conclude amphibian’s mode reflects costs benefits different could contribute vulnerability future change.

Language: Английский

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Landscape genetics reveals contrasting patterns of connectivity in two newt species (Lissotriton montandoni and L. vulgaris)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(16), P. 4515 - 4530

Published: May 20, 2022

Abstract Ecologically distinct species may respond to landscape changes in different ways. In addition basic ecological data, the extent of geographic range has been successfully used as an indicator sensitivity anthropogenic landscapes, with widespread usually found be less sensitive compared range‐restricted species. this study, we investigate connectivity patterns two closely related but ecologically newt – range‐restricted, Lissotriton montandoni and widespread, L. vulgaris using genomic a highly replicated setting (six regions per species), tools from genetics. Our results show importance forest for both species, at same time suggest differential use forested habitat, showing highest forest‐core forest‐edges, respectively. Anthropogenic landscapes (i.e., higher crop‐ or urban‐cover) increased resistance effect was one three orders magnitude stronger than vulgaris. This result is consistent view generalist. Even so, currently, negative impact mainly seen among populations, which significantly isolation lower effective sizes relative . Overall, study emphasizes how habitat destruction compromising genetic not only endemic, conservation concern also generalist despite their comparatively changes.

Language: Английский

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Single infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis or Ranavirus does not increase probability of co-infection in a montane community of amphibians

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Understanding the occurrence and consequence of co-infections can be useful in designing disease management interventions. Amphibians are most highly threatened vertebrates, emerging pathogens a serious threat to their conservation. The amphibian chytrid fungus viruses Ranavirus genus already widely distributed, causing outbreaks population declines worldwide. However, we lack information about consequences coinfection with these across age-classes hosts. Here, analyze infection ranaviruses during one season two susceptible species at different locations which have occurred. We found that co-occurrence both particular host is not common except life-stages, single infections situation. Moreover, pathogen did predict other. attribute results niches proliferate

Language: Английский

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Amphibian decline in a Central European forest and the importance of woody debris for population persistence

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 110036 - 110036

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Achieving an understanding of species' temporal and spatial abundance patterns is a prerequisite for proper conservation management decisions. Little known the ecological indicators census size or biomass terrestrial amphibian communities historical estimates population are rare. Here we took advantage data collected in 1967/1968 leaf-litter community Niepołomice Forest (NF) south-central Poland. Using same technique (removal sampling), censused this forest 50 years later (2016/2017), spatially matching subset current plots with sampling sites. Averaged over all plots, revealed at least fourfold decline from 2817 ± 776 individuals/ha 1967 to 674 508 currently, paralleled by roughly 15.5 1.7 3.8 3.1 kg/ha. The was more striking (over 15-fold) placed division as (mean counts 157 103 corresponding 1.0 0.5 kg/ha). We also recorded change species composition between surveys, propose that conversion aquatic habitat succession have decreased diversity NF. Further, estimated densities anuran amphibians differing regime local characteristics contemporary (all were managed forest). found unmanaged, old growth coarse woody debris on floor held average twice many anurans compared stands. Average body condition most common species, Rana temporaria, measured scaled mass index, enhanced situated forest. Our findings suggest preservation forests containing may boost abundance, condition, has potential buffer against long-term demographic decline. Moreover, retention deadwood could be means increasing communities.

Language: Английский

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Importance of Genetic–Fitness Correlations for the Conservation of Amphibians

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(22), P. 3564 - 3564

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Endangered animals suffer from isolation of their habitats. Isolation leads to a reduction in population size as well decrease genetic diversity and concomitant increase the risk extinction. Amphibians are most endangered vertebrate class. Besides habitat loss, fragmentation isolation, amphibians threatened by emerging diseases e.g., chytrid fungus or Ranavirus. By employing experiments, researchers investigate whether changes within among isolated populations affect amphibian fitness. While estimates based on molecular markers, typically microsatellites, fitness is mostly measured tadpole performance rearing experiments often under varying environmental conditions. Tadpole performances (e.g., body mass, growth rate survival) have been found be negatively affected low diversity, several studies positive association between these traits. Moreover, infection with pathogens also seems more likely individuals lower diversity. Overall, genetic-fitness correlations seem pronounced detectable smaller, declining but not larger populations. Genomic studies, which sample fraction genome, still scarce conservation literature amphibians. These upcoming years may reveal adaptive variants that protect against dangerous changes. Altogether, correlation should priority order develop effective management plans for rescue isolated, imperilled

Language: Английский

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