Understanding polyploid establishment: temporary persistence or stable coexistence?

Oikos, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(5)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Polyploidy, resulting from whole‐genome duplication (WGD), is ubiquitous in nature and reportedly associated with extreme environments biological invasions. However, WGD usually comes great costs, raising questions about the establishment chance of newly formed polyploids. The surprisingly high number polyploid mixed‐ploidy species observed may be a consequence their continuous emergence or reflect stable persistence even coexistence ancestral ploidy under certain circumstances. empirical studies on contemporary often neglect cost–benefit balances characteristics, tradeoffs between phenotypic intercytotype interactions, recurrent formation, stochastic processes. Here, we advocate for considering population‐level success, combining aforementioned factors that affect long‐term ancestors. We approach paradox despite costs modern theory perspective give an overview diversity mechanisms timing potentially enable rather than transient persistence.

Язык: Английский

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The ecology of polyploid establishment and exclusion, with implications for polyploid biogeography

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

The relationship between polyploid formation, triploid fitness and plant reproduction has been studied for over a century, uniparental long recognized to play crucial role in establishment. Yet, we lack synthesized framework of how establishment is expected be influenced by different reproductive modes among angiosperms. Here, provide new perspectives on reproduction, pollination ecology, assortative mating can impact minority cytotype exclusion (MCE) and, thereby, the likelihood We review current state knowledge mechanisms that discuss often overlooked aspects these processes, such as influence pollinator communities rates self-pollination. propose considering variation strategies ability overcome MCE. Finally, links patterns across observed distribution abundance polyploids.

Язык: Английский

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The immediate effects of polyploidization ofSpirodela polyrhizachange in a strain-specific way along environmental gradients

Evolution Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(1), С. 37 - 47

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

The immediate effects of plant polyploidization are well characterized and it is generally accepted that these morphological, physiological, developmental, phenological changes contribute to polyploid establishment. Studies on the environmental dependence whole-genome duplication (WGD) are, however, scarce but suggest altered by stressful conditions. As establishment seems be associated with disturbance, relationship between ploidy-induced phenotypical conditions highly relevant. Here, we use a common garden experiment greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza test whether WGD can facilitate tetraploid along gradients two stressors. Because successful often depends recurrent events, include four genetically diverse strains assess strain-specific. We find evidence indeed confer fitness advantage under environment affects in trait reaction norms strain-specific way.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the patterns of evolution: Core thoughts and focus on the saltational model

Biosystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 238, С. 105181 - 105181

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Neutral processes underlying the macro eco-evolutionary dynamics of mixed-ploidy systems

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(1995)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Polyploidy, i.e. the occurrence of multiple sets chromosomes, is regarded as an important phenomenon in plant ecology and evolution, with all flowering plants likely having a polyploid ancestry. Owing to genome shock, minority cytotype exclusion reduced fertility, polyploids emerging diploid populations are expected face significant challenges successful establishment. Their establishment persistence often explained by possible fitness or niche differences that would relieve competitive pressure progenitors. Experimental evidence for such advantages is, however, not unambiguous, considerable overlap exists among most species their counterparts. Here, we develop neutral spatially explicit eco-evolutionary model understand whether processes can explain patterns polyploids. We present general mechanism showing sexually reproducing organisms assemble space iterative manner, reducing frequency-dependent mating disadvantages overcoming potential fertility issues. Moreover, construct mechanistic theoretical framework allows us long-term evolution mixed-ploidy show our remarkably consistent recent phylogenomic estimates extinctions Brassicaceae family.

Язык: Английский

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Overcoming Ploidy Barriers: The Role of Triploid Bridges in the Genetic Introgression of Cardamine amara

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Polyploidisation is a significant reproductive barrier, yet genetic evidence indicates that interploidy admixture more common than previously thought. Theoretical models and controlled crosses support the 'triploid bridge' hypothesis, proposing hybrids of intermediate ploidy facilitate gene flow. However, comprehensive combining experimental data from natural mixed-ploidy species missing. Here, we investigated rates directionality flow within diploid-autotetraploid contact zone Cardamine amara, with abundant triploids. We cytotyped over 400 individuals in field, conducted reciprocal crosses, inferred based on genome-wide sequencing 84 individuals. Triploids represent conspicuous entity populations (5%), only part them arose through hybridisation. Despite being rarely formed, triploid can backcross their parental cytotypes, producing viable offspring are often euploid (in 42% cases). In correspondence, D-statistics coalescent simulations documented signal bidirectional sympatric but not allopatric populations. Triploids, though rare, thus seem to play key role overcoming polyploidy-related barriers C. amara. sum, present integrative for mediated by bridge

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of mixed-ploidy populations under demographic and environmental stochasticities

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Abstract The theoretical population dynamics of autopolyploids – organisms with more than two genome copies a single ancestral species and their diploid progenitors have been extensively studied. acquisition multiple copies, being in essence stochastic process, strongly suggests probabilistic approach to examine the long-term cytotypes. Yet, our current understanding empirical evidence on autopolyploid populations has not incorporated dynamics. To investigate factors contributing probability stability coexisting cytotypes, we designed new model demographic environmental stochasticities simulate formation, establishment, persistence diploids, triploids, autotetraploids over time when gene flow is allowed among Contrary previous research, increased selfing rates pronounced reproductive isolation stabilized long-run coexistence cyto-types. In stressful environments, these become much complex, modeling helped reveal resulting intricacies that give tetraploids competitive advantage progenitors. Our work fundamental better cytotypes necessary step for further between an its progenitor.

Язык: Английский

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Special issue.: The role of whole genome duplication in evolutionary ecology

Oikos, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Polyploid organisms are common and can be found across the tree of life. A key question is to understand how why these polyploid lineages become established persist in populations, particularly since they predicted have a low probability success. While collection papers this special issue addresses broad questions on evolutionary ecology polyploids, ultimately, studies also highlight myriad ways that we examining what drives success lineages. In paper consider where we've been challenges face, then propose several directions will allow us continue propel field towards our ultimate goal understanding rules govern establishment persistence populations. We conclude developing rule set require combination model systems for which detailed knowledge phylogenetic population genetic history, expanding perspective beyond plants include greater taxonomic breadth, conducting ecologically relevant settings. Additionally, argue future research polyploidy should focus integrating theory empirical research, providing mechanistic linkages between effects whole genome duplication demography, build predictive framework anthropogenic change impact organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Why are triploid quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) common?

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 111(8)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

Abstract Premise Quaking aspen is a clonal tree species that has mixed ploidy, often with high relative abundance of both diploids and triploids but no haploids or tetraploids. Triploids typically have low fertility, leaving their occurrence apparently unlikely from an evolutionary perspective, unless they provide “triploid bridge” to generating higher‐fitness tetraploids—which are not observed in this species. This study focused on how triploidy can be maintained quaking aspen. Methods A computational model was used simulate gamete production, sexual reproduction, asexual parent survival, offspring survival population. All parameters were assumed cytotype‐dependent environment‐independent. Sampling methods identify parameter combinations consistent cytotype frequencies. Results Many processes values sufficient yield moderate frequency triploids, very few necessary. The most plausible route involved higher triploid at the stage limited unreduced production by either diploid parents. Triploid fertility helpful Conclusions coexistence statistically likely promoted existence commonly observed, long‐lived clones. However, other mechanisms captured related environmental variation could also occur. Further empirical data more complex difficult‐to‐parameterize models needed gain further insight.

Язык: Английский

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The novel expression of clonality following whole-genome multiplication compensates for reduced fertility in natural autopolyploids

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290(2001)

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

Exploring the fitness consequences of whole-genome multiplication (WGM) is essential for understanding establishment autopolyploids in diploid parental populations, but suitable model systems are rare. We examined impact WGM on reproductive traits three major cytotypes (2

Язык: Английский

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